Osteochondral Fracture of the Fourth Metatarsal Head Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation

Fracture of the metatarsal head is uncommon, and reports of isolated osteochondral fracture of the metatarsal head are rare. Because of the distal location of the fracture, it is difficult to achieve and maintain reduction, and potential complications include avascular necrosis and subchondral fatigue fracture. The authors present a case of an osteochondral fracture in a 40-year-old man, which was treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a single twist-off screw, with good results 12 months postoperatively.     

Use of the Noninvasive Ankle Distractor With Talar Dome Osteochondral Graft Transplantation

Talar dome lesions greater than 1 cm in diameter are often treated with ankle joint mosaicplasty. The purpose of this article is to present the use of a noninvasive ankle distractor that can improve access to the talus when used with a malleolar osteotomy. The use of the distractor allows for graft insertion at a more appropriate angle in relationship to the talar cartilage, avoidance of invasive distractor usage, and potential use of a smaller osteotomy.     

大段同种异体骨移植交锁髓内钉内固定修复四肢骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的：探讨四肢骨肿瘤切除后采用大段异体骨移植交锁髓内钉内固定修复骨缺损的疗效。方法：1998年—2003年对18例例患者进行了病灶清除、交锁髓内钉内固定加同种异体骨移植术。结果：术后随访1～50月，2例死亡，其余16例接合区骨质生长良好，无1例骨发生不连接。肩、膝、踝关节活动及肢体负重良好。结论：本手术方法使固定节段具有高度的内在稳定性，可早期进行功能锻炼，防止影响肩、膝、踝关节的负重功能或防止创伤关节炎，适合于四肢骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的修复。     

Operative treatments for osteochondral lesions of the talus in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose:This systematic review aimed to identify the available evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness and safety of various operative treatments in adult patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT).Materials and methods:The PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register of Controlled Trials were searched from their inception date to September 2019. Two reviewers selected the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs assessing the comparative effectiveness and safety of various operative treatments for OLT. The meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3.Results:Eight studies (1 RCT and 7 non-RCTs) with 375 patients were included in this review. The difference in the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score between the cartilage repair and replacement was not significant. The cartilage regeneration with or without cartilage repair had significant superiority in improving the AOFAS score compared with the cartilage repair. The difference in the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score between the cartilage repair and replacement and between cartilage repair and cartilage repair plus regeneration was significant.Conclusions:Cartilage regeneration and cartilage repair plus regeneration had significant superiority in improving the ankle function and radiological evaluation of OLT, although the trials included did not have high-level evidence. Moreover, which treatment between the 2 was safer could not be addressed in this review as most of the trials did not report the safety outcome. Further studies are needed to define the best surgical option for treating OLT.     

In vitro release and In vivo biocompatibility studies of biomimetic multilayered alginate-chitosan/β-TCP scaffold for osteochondral tissue

Biomimetic three-layered monolithic scaffold (TLS) intended for the treatment of osteocondral defects was prepared by using alginate, chitosan and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to study drug release behavior of the alternative drug delivery system and to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of the scaffold. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex) as a model drug was incorporated into the scaffold by solvent sorption method and in vitro release studies were conducted. In addition, the scaffold was implanted into the defects formed in the trochlea of Sprague–Dawley rats to assess the healing potential of the TLS on the osteochondral defect against reference Maioregen® comparatively. The release studies showed that after an initial burst at 3rd h, dexamethasone is released slowly during a 72-h period. In vivo studies indicated that the TLS has good tissue biocompatibility and biodegradation rate and showed better results during osteochondral healing process compared to the reference. All results demonstrated that the alginate-chitosan/β-TCP scaffold could be evaluated as a good candidate for osteochondral tissue applications.     

Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans in a 13-year-old male athlete: A case report

Objective:

To present the clinical management of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee and highlight the importance of a timely diagnosis to optimize the time needed for less invasive, non-operative therapy.

Clinical Features:

A 13-year-old provincial level male soccer player presenting with recurrent anterior knee pain despite ongoing manual therapy.

Intervention and Outcome:

A multidisciplinary, non-operative treatment approach was utilized to promote natural healing of the osteochondral lesion. The plan of management consisted of patient education, activity modification, manual therapy, passive modalities and rehabilitation, while being overseen by an orthopaedic surgeon.

Conclusions:

Considering the serious consequences of misdiagnosing osteochondritis dissecans, such as the potential for future joint instability and accelerated joint degeneration, a high degree of suspicion should be considered with young individuals presenting with nonspecific, recurrent knee pain. A narrative review of the literature is provided to allow practitioners to apply current best practices to appropriately manage juvenile OCD and become more cognizant of the common knee differential diagnoses in the young athletic population.     

多种特殊状态下关节软骨缺损修复的组织工程技术

文题释义： 生长板：是位于儿童长骨末端的软骨组织结构,生长板中的软骨细胞可不断增生、成熟、肥大并发生骨化过程,使长骨增长。当长骨生长至一定程度,生长板软骨逐渐被成熟骨组织取代,长骨至此也停止生长。 特殊状态：文章提及的特殊状态即指关节软骨缺损的临床治疗中常见的阻碍因素,即全层软骨缺损及骨软骨缺损、生长板缺损、负重区软骨缺损、炎症状态下(骨性关节炎、风湿性关节炎)的软骨缺损。 背景：应用组织工程学技术可获得良好的关节软骨再生,但多为生理状态下小面积缺损的单纯修复。然而临床上的软骨缺损常伴随骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等基础疾病,且缺损的位置、范围、深度均不确定,给软骨组织修复带来了很大挑战。 目的：总结不同位置和炎症状态下软骨缺损的修复方式。 方法：检索PubMed数据库和CNKI数据库,英文检索词为“cartilage defect regeneration,osteochondral,growth plate,weight-bearing area,inflammatory”,中文检索词为“关节软骨缺损,骨软骨,生长板,负重区,炎症”,检索建库至2019年3月发表的相关文献。共检索到相关文献209篇,按照纳入与排除标准,最终纳入86篇文献进行总结。 结果与结论：针对各种特殊状态下的关节软骨缺损,其修复目标和策略是不同的：全层软骨和骨软骨结构缺损多采用具有多层结构的支架,旨在修复软骨特有的分层结构及软骨下骨结构,同时避免新生软骨内异位骨化的问题;生长板缺损的修复关键在于避免长骨成熟后发生畸形,因此在修复支架内应添加胰岛素样生长因子、骨发生形态蛋白7等生长因子,以持续刺激生长板的修复并发挥骨生长的生理功能;负重区软骨修复则需要修复支架具有良好的力学性能,负重时不会发生严重形变及结构破坏,同时新生的软骨组织具有足够的力学强度以支撑持续的纵向压力和磨损;炎症状态下的软骨缺损则要同时治疗炎症与软骨缺损,间充质干细胞的引入可同时发挥免疫调节及组织再生功能,以使疾病达到彻底治疗的目标。ORCID: 0000-0001-9443-8158(陈劲松) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

富血小板血浆满足不同类型关节软骨损伤的治疗需求

背景：关节软骨属于透明软骨,自我修复能力差,传统疗法只能使缺损处再生出纤维软骨,无法彻底修复关节软骨缺损,故需一种可以再生出透明软骨的疗法修复缺损。根据关节软骨的缺损深度、部位以及是否伴随炎症可将关节软骨缺损分类,不同类型的关节软骨缺损有不同的致病机制与治疗策略。富血小板血浆作为富含各种生长因子的自体血小板衍生物被广泛应用于关节软骨缺损的治疗,并且已被大量研究证明对多种类型关节软骨缺损均有较好的治疗效果。就目前而言,富血小板血浆疗法有望治愈关节软骨缺损。目的：总结富血小板血浆的制备、储存以及激活方式,分析富血小板血浆所具性质是否满足不同类型关节软骨缺损的治疗需求,综述富血小板血浆对不同类型关节软骨缺损的治疗作用。方法：检索Pub Med、Web of Science、中国知网数据库,中文检索词为“富血小板血浆,关节软骨,制备,机制,软骨缺损”,英文检索词为“platelet-rich plasma,articular cartilage, prepraration, mechanism, full-thickness cartilage defect,osteochondral def...