Cardiac-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return is not benign

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between morphological variation and postsurgical pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis (PPVS) in patients with cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).MethodsThis single-center, retrospective study included 168 pediatric patients who underwent surgical repair of cardiac TAPVC from 2013 to 2019 (connection to the coronary sinus [CS], n = 136; connection directly to the right atrium [RA], n = 32). Three-dimensional computed tomography modeling and geometric analysis were performed to investigate the morphological features; their relevance to the PPVS was examined.ResultsThe connection type had no association with PPVS (CS type: 18% vs right atrial type: 19%; P = .89) but there was a higher incidence of PPVS in patients with a single PV orifice than > 1 orifice (P < .001). Confluence-to-total PV area ratio (hazard ratio, 4.78, 95% CI, 1.86-12.32; P = .001) and length of drainage route (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31; P < .001) had a 4- and 1-fold increase in the risk for PPVS in the CS type after adjustment for age and preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction. In the right atrial type, those with anomalous PV return to the RA roof were more likely to develop PPVS than to the posterior wall of the RA (P < .001).ConclusionsThe number of inter-junction PV orifice correlated with PPVS development in cardiac TAPVC. The confluence-to-total PV ratio, length of drainage route, and anomalous PV return to the RA roof are important predictors for PPVS. Morphological subcategorization in this clinical setting can potentially assist in surgical decision-making.     

Oxygen delivery-guided perfusion for the prevention of acute kidney injury: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesThe reduction of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery using an oxygen delivery-guided perfusion strategy (oxygen delivery strategy) for cardiopulmonary bypass management compared with a fixed flow perfusion (conventional strategy) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a oxygen delivery strategy would reduce the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.MethodsWe randomly enrolled 300 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to a oxygen delivery strategy (maintaining a oxygen delivery index value >300 mL/min/m² through pump flow adjustments during cardiopulmonary bypass) or a conventional strategy (a target pump flow was determined on the basis of the body surface area). The primary end point was the development of acute kidney injury. Secondary end points were the red blood cell transfusion rate and number of red blood cell units, intubation time, postoperative length of stay in the intensive care unit and the hospital, predischarge estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hospital mortality.ResultsAcute kidney injury occurred in 20 patients (14.6%) receiving the oxygen delivery strategy and in 42 patients (30.4%) receiving the conventional strategy (relative risk, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.77; P = .002). The secondary end points were not significantly different between strategies. In a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients who had nadir hematocrit less than 23% or body surface area less than 1.40 m², the oxygen delivery strategy seemed to be superior to the conventional strategy and the existence of quantitative interactions was suggested.ConclusionsAn oxygen delivery strategy for cardiopulmonary bypass management was superior to a conventional strategy with respect to preventing the development of acute kidney injury.     

参附注射液对猪创伤性心脏骤停复苏后肾损伤的保护作用研究

目的探讨参附注射液对猪创伤性心脏骤停复苏后肾损伤的保护作用。方法国产健康雄性白猪21头,采用随机数字表法分为假手术组(Sham组,n=5)、创伤性心脏骤停复苏(TCA组,n=9)和参附组(SFI组,n=7)。Sham组只经历气管插管及动静脉置管,不经历放血、复苏等过程。TCA组匀速释放总血容量的40%,然后经电刺激法室颤5 min,心肺复苏5 min后常规液体复苏治疗。SFI组在TCA组基础上于复苏后5 min进行参附注射液的干预。于放血前10 min、复苏后1、3、6、24 h检测血清TNF-α、IL-6、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平。复苏后24 h经右侧耳缘静脉注射10%氯化钾液20 mL处死猪,迅速获取肾组织标本,应用原位末端标记法(TNUEL法)检测细胞凋亡情况,免疫组织化学法检测半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的蛋白表达水平。结果TCA组中有8头猪复苏成功,SFI组和Sham组中所有猪复苏成功。与Sham组比较,TCA组血清Cr水平在复苏后24 h、BUN水平在复苏后1、3、6、24 h均明显增高(均P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-6水平在复苏后3、6、24 h明显增高(均P<0.05),复苏后24 h后肾组织细胞凋亡指数及Caspase-3表达增加(均P<0.05)。与TCA组比较,SFI组BUN水平复苏后3、6 h明显降低(均P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-6水平在复苏后3、6、24 h明显降低(均P<0.05),肾组织细胞凋亡指数和Caspase-3蛋白表达有所降低,但差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论在猪TCA复苏模型中,早期应用参附注射液能够明显减轻复苏后肾损伤。其机制可能与抑制系统炎症反应、减轻细胞凋亡有关。     

围术期非心脏手术呼吸心搏骤停相关麻醉因素回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析聊城市人民医院近7年来,围术期24 h内发生心搏骤停患者的医学资料,为预防这一严重不良事件提供有益信息。方法通过我院手术麻醉电子系统,调阅不良事件上报系统,选取2013-07/2020-12期间在我院手术室接受非心脏手术围术期发生心搏骤停患者的医疗记录进行分析、归纳总结。结果共116152名患者接受非心脏手术麻醉,围术期发生心搏骤停33例(2.8/10000),21例复苏失败,死亡率1.8/10000。麻醉完全相关2例,麻醉部分相关12例,麻醉相关心搏骤停发生率1.2/10000。与麻醉不相关心搏骤停患者基本资料比较,差异无统计学意义。结论围术期心搏骤停原因复杂多样,失血性休克以及感染性休克,是围术期心搏骤停最常见的原因,麻醉医生应熟知各种不同类型心搏骤停病理生理机制,以便实施快速有效的抢救措施。     

Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance, because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired cardiac reserve is considered to be central in HF, reduced exercise and functional capacity are the result of key patient characteristics and multisystem dysfunction, including aging, impaired pulmonary reserve, as well as peripheral and respiratory skeletal muscle dysfunction. We herein review the different modalities to quantify exercise intolerance, the pathophysiology of HF, and comorbid conditions as they lead to reductions in exercise and functional capacity, highlighting the fact that distinct causes may coexist and variably contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with HF.     

Correlation between real-time heart rate and fatigue in chest compression providers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A simulation-based interventional study

Background:The American Heart Association guidelines recommend switching chest compression providers at least every 2 min depending on their fatigue during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Although the provider''s heart rate is widely used as an objective indicator for detecting fatigue, the accuracy of this measure is debatable.Objectives:This study was designed to determine whether real-time heart rate is a measure of fatigue in compression providers.Study design:A simulation-based prospective interventional study including 110 participants.Methods:Participants performed chest compressions in pairs for four cycles using advanced cardiovascular life support simulation. Each participant''s heart rate was measured using wearable healthcare devices, and qualitative variables regarding individual compressions were obtained from computerized devices. The primary outcome was correct depth of chest compressions. The main exposure was the change in heart rate, defined as the difference between the participant''s heart rate during individual compressions and that before the simulation was initiated.Results:With a constant compression duration for one cycle, the overall accuracy of compression depth significantly decreased with increasing heart rate. Female participants displayed significantly decreased accuracy of compression depth with increasing heart rate (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–0.98; P < .001). Conversely, male participants displayed significantly improved accuracy with increasing heart rate (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.04; P < .001).Conclusion:Increasing heart rate could reflect fatigue in providers performing chest compressions with a constant duration for one cycle. Thus, provider rotation should be considered according to objectively measured fatigue during CPR.     

Recipient hypertonic saline infusion prevents cardiac allograft dysfunction

Objective

Hypertonic saline (HTS) has potent immune and vascular effects. We assessed recipient pretreatment with HTS on allograft function in a porcine model of heart transplantation and hypothesized that HTS infusion would limit endothelial and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following transplantation.