Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with Pneumocystis jiroveci infection in orthotopic liver transplantation

Abstract: We report a patient who presented 6 months after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with fever, dyspnea, and pulmonary infiltrates with biopsy‐confirmed Pneumocystis jiroveci infection associated with a process of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). We present this second case of BOOP associated with P. carinii pneumonia after OLT to highlight the risk of such disease combination in all transplant patients as well as discuss the protective effect of post‐transplant prednisolone with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and the possible duration of prophylaxis.     

Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia after rituximab therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Rituximab is a chimeric, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody initially approved for relapsed, refractory indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and is being applied in an increasing variety of clinical scenarios. Most adverse events are due to an infusion-related symptom complex, and severe pulmonary complications are rare. We describe a case of an NHL patient who received rituximab and developed symptomatic, biopsy-proven multinodular bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP). This is the first reported case of BOOP associated with single-agent rituximab, and along with two other patients we describe, as well as two prior reports of BOOP in NHL patients receiving rituximab-based combinations, strengthens the possibility of a causal relationship. Moreover, these findings suggest that the incidence of BOOP following rituximab therapy may be higher than has been previously appreciated. Physicians utilizing rituximab should be aware of this association given the difficulty of differentiating between presentations of BOOP and neoplastic pulmonary processes.     

盐酸氨溴索注射液佐治小儿毛细支气管炎60例

目的观察盐酸氨溴索注射液佐治小儿毛细支气管炎的疗效。方法118例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为两组:对照组58例给予抗感染、抗病毒及吸氧等对症处理;治疗组60例在对照组治疗的基础上加用盐酸氨溴索注射液15mg,静脉滴注,每日2次,疗程7d;对两组疗效进行比较。结果治疗组显效率(91.67%)明显高于对照组(62.07%,P<0.01),治疗组平均住院时间(7.12±1.92d)与对照组(12.16±2.1d)相比明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论盐酸氨溴索注射液佐治小儿毛细支气管炎安全、有效,可以快速缓解症状,提高治愈率。