Epstein–Barr-virus-associated hepatitis with aplastic anemia: A case report

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) is a rare condition. Patients with HAAA usually present with acute hepatitis, jaundice and significantly increased transaminase. After 1–2 mo, hepatitis gradually improves, but progressive hemocytopenia, bone marrow hematopoietic failure, and severe or extremely severe aplastic anemia are manifest. Most cases of HAAA are fulminant and usually lethal if left untreated. The literature on Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated HAAA is sparse. CASE SUMMARY We report a 30-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital because of pale yellow urine and skin with a simultaneous decrease in peripheral blood ternary cells. We made a diagnosis of EBV-associated HAAA. The treatment strategy for this patient included eltrombopag, an immunosuppressive regimen of rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin, cyclosporine, and supportive care. The patient was discharged in normal physical condition after five months. A hemogram performed on follow-up revealed that he had achieved a complete response. CONCLUSION Eltrombopag plus anti-thymocyte globubin and cyclosporine may be a therapeutic option for EBV-associated HAAA.Larger studies are warranted to confirm.     

Oral cancer prediction by noninvasive genetic screening

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) develop in genetically altered epithelium in the mucosal lining, also coined as fields, which are mostly not visible but occasionally present as white oral leukoplakia (OL) lesions. We developed a noninvasive genetic assay using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on brushed cells to detect the presence of genetically altered fields, including those that are not macroscopically visible. The assay demonstrated high accuracy in OL patients when brush samples were compared with biopsies as gold standard. In a cohort of Fanconi anemia patients, detection of mutations in prospectively collected oral brushes predicted oral cancer also when visible abnormalities were absent. We further provide insight in the molecular landscape of OL with frequent changes of TP53, FAT1 and NOTCH1. NGS analysis of noninvasively collected samples offers a highly accurate method to detect genetically altered fields in the oral cavity, and predicts development of OSCC in high-risk individuals. Noninvasive genetic screening can be employed to screen high-risk populations for cancer and precancer, map the extension of OL lesions beyond what is visible, map the oral cavity for precancerous changes even when visible abnormalities are absent, test accuracy of promising imaging modalities, monitor interventions and determine genetic progression as well as the natural history of the disease in the human patient.     

郑州地区孕妇铁营养状况及其影响因素调查

目的 探讨郑州地区孕妇铁营养状况及其影响因素。方法 以2021年4—8月在郑州市某三家医院建立健康档案并进行孕期体检的孕妇作为研究对象进行问卷调查及铁营养状况检测,采用描述流行病学方法对孕妇铁营养状态进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对孕妇铁缺乏状况影响因素进行分析。结果 共有3 258例孕妇参与本次研究,其中妊娠早期989例,占30.36%,妊娠中期1 125例,占34.53%,妊娠晚期1 144例,占35.11%。在3 258名孕妇中,共有773例为铁缺乏,铁缺乏的检出率为23.73%。多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥35岁（OR=2.726）、处于妊娠的中期或晚期（OR=3.037,3.438）、月经初潮年龄<13岁（OR=2.432）、经产妇（OR=3.493）、流产次数≥3次（OR=2.648）、孕前月经量≥100 mL/次（OR=2.420）、文化程度为初中及以上（OR=0.517,0.459）、居住在农村（OR=3.684）、家庭月收入>3 000元及以上（OR=0.601,0.542）、居住房屋装修时间<1年（OR=6.449）、罹患消化系统疾病（OR=4.716）、有营养补齐剂摄入（OR=0.355）是孕妇铁缺乏的影响因素。结论 郑州市孕妇铁缺乏检出率较高,需要尽早给予针对性的干预。部分因素被确定为该地区孕妇人群发生铁元素缺乏的影响因素,可选择性的对其中危险因素给予干预。     

Mechanical Hemolysis Complicating Transcatheter Interventions for Valvular Heart Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Mechanical intravascular hemolysis is frequently observed following procedures on heart valves and uncommonly observed in native valvular disease. In most cases, its severity is mild. Nevertheless, it can be clinically significant and even life threatening, requiring multiple blood transfusions and renal replacement therapy. This paper reviews the current knowledge on mechanical intravascular hemolysis in valvular disease, before and after correction, focusing on pathophysiology, approach to diagnosis, and impact of other hematological conditions on the resultant anemia. The importance of a multidisciplinary management is underscored. Laboratory data are provided about subclinical hemolysis that is commonly observed following the implantation of surgical and transcatheter valve prostheses and devices. Finally, clinical scenarios are reviewed and current medical and surgical treatments are discussed, including alternative options for inoperable patients.     

左卡尼汀联合重组人促红素注射液治疗规律透析慢性肾功能衰竭合并贫血患者的临床效果

目的探究左卡尼汀联合重组人促红素注射液治疗规律透析慢性肾功能衰竭合并贫血患者的临床效果。方法选择2017年1月至2020年1月收治的100例规律透析慢性肾功能衰竭合并贫血患者,以计算机随机化法将其分为对照组和试验组,每组50例。对照组给予重组人促红素注射液治疗,试验组给予左卡尼汀与重组人促红素注射液联合治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果试验组的治疗总有效率为96.00%,高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的MCHC、MCH、MCV、SF、Hb、RBC水平均高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者的不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论规律透析慢性肾功能衰竭合并贫血患者接受左卡尼汀与重组人促红素注射液联合治疗,可获得较好的效果,改善贫血相关生化指标水平,且不良反应发生率低,安全有效。     

原发性骨膜增生厚皮症伴重度贫血1例

患者男,39岁,面部皮肤肥厚、四肢肢端肥大20年,间断头晕乏力1年。查体:重度贫血貌,睑结膜、口唇及甲床苍白;头面部皮肤肥厚、皱褶、呈回状颅皮;双下肢皮肤肥厚,手指及足趾呈杵状;皮损颜色正常,触之略韧;踝关节肿胀无压痛、活动自如。X线检查提示右腓骨中段髓腔密度增多,腓骨中段及胫骨下段后缘骨皮质增厚。血常规重度正常细胞低色素性贫血,骨髓活检提示骨髓造血衰竭,骨髓纤维化不明显。诊断:原发性骨膜增生厚皮症伴重度贫血。     

Association between anemia and postoperative complications in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy

BackgroundAlthough preoperative anemia has been suggested to predict postsurgical morbidity and mortality among infants < 1 year of age, the data were drawn from heterogeneous patient cohorts including severely ill infants undergoing complex, high-risk procedures. We aimed to determine whether untreated preoperative anemia was associated with increased risk of postoperative complications in infants < 1 year of age who underwent pyloromyotomy, a common and relatively simple surgery.MethodsInfants < 1 year of age undergoing pyloromyotomy were identified from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database. Preoperative anemia was defined as a hematocrit ≤ 40% for infants 0–30 days of age and ≤ 30% for infants more than 30 days of age. Patients who received pre- or postoperative blood transfusions were excluded.ResultsWe identified 2948 patients who met our inclusion criteria, of whom 843 were anemic (29%). The overall rate of complications in this cohort was 6%. The most common postoperative complications were readmission (97 cases), surgical site infection (43), reoperation (39), prolonged hospital stay (24), urinary tract infection (3), 30-day mortality (3) and cardiac arrest (2). We found no differences in the incidence of complications in anemic versus nonanemic patients on bivariate analysis or multivariable logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2; 95% confidence interval: 0.8–1.7; P = 0.319).ConclusionsIn relatively healthy infants undergoing pyloromyotomy, untreated preoperative anemia was not associated with postoperative compilations and should not be considered a significant risk factor.Level of evidence III.     

Routine Laboratory Testing Every 4 Versus Every 6 Weeks for Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Quality Improvement Project

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Two enemies,one fight: An update of oral cancer in patients with Fanconi anemia

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited genetic condition that may lead to bone marrow failure, leukemia, and/or solid tumors. It is caused by the loss of function of at least 1 gene of the FA/BRCA pathway, which is necessary for DNA repair. Patients with FA have a 200-fold to 1000-fold risk of developing head and neck cancer, mainly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and of doing so at a much younger age than individuals within the general population. Also, patients who have FA with OSCC have poor overall survival rates, reinforcing the necessity to detect OSCC early. The scope of the current review is to provide an update on OSCC in patients with FA.