小儿卵黄囊瘤

本院1966年～1989年共收治小儿卵黄囊瘤37例,经血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)测定,光镜确定诊断又通过10例电镜观察,8例AFP免疫组化观察,文献复习,本文支持Teilum提出该瘤来源于卵黄囊瘤背壁的全能性生殖细胞的组织发生观点;1.胚胎卵黄囊有合成AFP能力,本文意儿血清AFP明显升高,免疫酶标可作AFP定位。2.超微结构观察:肿瘤形态与妊娠7周卵黄囊相似,电镜下可见到上皮性及间叶性成份相当于胚外内胚层及胚外中胚层成份。且讨论了该瘤的命名与畸胎瘤关系和免疫组化的应用     

Immunoglobulin Y Levels in Egg Yolk From Three Chicken Genotypes

Laying hens are very efficient producers of antibodies and provide an interesting alternative for large-scale production of specific antibodies. These antibodies also have biochemical advantages over mammalian antibodies (e.g. rabbit antibodies) that can be used to improve immunoassays where antibodies are used. The concentration of IgY in egg yolk is an important production parameter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of IgY levels in egg yolk. We have compared IgY concentrations in egg yolks from two lines, selected for egg production traits at the Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences (Single Comb White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red) and a cross between the two lines (SLU-1392). Single Comb White Leghorns have the highest mean concentration of yolk IgY, 2.21 mg ml^-1 compared to SLU-1392 1.95 mg ml^-1 and Rhode Island Red 1.68 mg ml^-1. The cross thus had an intermediate IgY concentration in relation two the two other lines. There were great differences between individual animals within each line. Our results indicate that it should be possible to increase yolk antibody production by using a high producing chicken line and by genetic selection within the line. We found three individuals with very low yolk IgY concentrations among the Rhode Island Red hens. Newly hatched chickens with limited amounts of IgY from the hen may be more susceptible to infections.     

30例儿童卵黄囊瘤临床预后因素分析

目的:对影响儿童卵黄囊瘤预后因素进行分析讨论.方法:自1989年到2002年随访30例,对年龄、性别、原发部位、Brodeur分期、血清AFP、化疗方案等进行多因素和单因素统计学分析.结果:Brodeur分期、化疗方案的选择是影响卵黄囊瘤2年无事件生存率的独立临床因素.Ⅰ到Ⅳ期的2年无事件生存率分别为76.92%、66.67%、40.00%和0:VAC及不规则化疗方案和铂类方案的2年EFS分别为18.18%和73.68%,有统计学差异.结论:儿童卵黄囊瘤的治疗为手术加辅助化疗的综合治疗,手术应以达到无肿瘤残留为目标.铂类方案的辅助化疗有助于提高疗效,但复发和转移病例的疗效仍有待提高.     

P-gp、MRP1、LRP和GST-π在卵黄囊瘤不同组织结构中的表达及临床意义

目的　探讨四种耐药基因蛋白P gp、MRP1、LRP和GST π在卵黄囊瘤组织的表达与卵黄囊瘤临床病理学特征的关系。方法　采用免疫组化SP法检测 32例卵黄囊瘤组织不同结构的P gp、MRP1、LRP和GST π的表达情况。 结果　① 32例卵黄囊瘤均可见疏松网状结构及嗜酸性透明小体 (10 0 % ) ,S D小体 2 6例 (2 6 /32 ,81.3% ) ,腺体、腺样结构 2 2例 (6 8.8% ,2 6 /32 ) ,乳头状结构 13例 (4 0 .6 % ,13/32 ) ,富于细胞的实性结构 15例 (4 6 .9% ,15 /32 ) ;②P gp、MRP1、LRP和GST π在不同的结构中表达不同 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　P gp、MRP1、LRP和GST π在卵黄囊瘤组织不同结构表达的差异 ,有助于临床的个体化治疗和化疗效果的预测 ,有助于临床个体化疗方案的制定和预后。     

Egg size and yolk steroids vary across the laying order in cockatiel clutches: A strategy for reinforcing brood hierarchies?

When a female bird begins incubation before clutch completion, the nestlings hatch sequentially, and a size hierarchy forms within the brood. This size hierarchy may be minimized or exacerbated through differential allocation of resources to eggs across the laying order. In this study, we characterize intra-clutch variation in cockatiel clutches by measuring egg mass, yolk mass, and concentrations of yolk testosterone, androstenedione, and corticosterone. Cockatiels are a long-lived member of the Psittaciformes. Because asynchronous hatching may reduce sibling competition and allow for extended development periods in long-lived birds, we predicted that female cockatiels would allocate maternal resources in a way that would reinforce the brood size hierarchy. Significant within-clutch differences in egg size and steroid concentrations were observed. Eggs at the end of the laying sequence were smaller and had significantly smaller yolks than eggs early in the laying order. Fifth-laid eggs, as well as first-laid eggs, contained significantly lower concentrations of testosterone than eggs in other positions of the laying sequence. No differences in yolk androstenedione concentration were observed. Yolk corticosterone concentrations increased linearly with laying order. Together, these patterns might reinforce the brood size hierarchy created by asynchronous hatching.     

Identification of environmental chemicals that induce yolk malabsorption in zebrafish using automated image segmentation

Environmental factors affecting nutrient availability during development can cause predisposition to diseases later in life. To identify chemicals in the environment capable of altering nutrient mobilization, we analyzed yolk malabsorption in the zebrafish embryo, which relies on maternally-derived yolk for nutrition during its first week of life. Embryos of the transgenic zebrafish line HGn50D, which fluoresce in the yolk syncytial layer, were exposed from two to five days post fertilization to different chemicals. We developed a software package to automatically and accurately segment and quantify the area of the fluorescing yolk in images captured at the end of the treatment period. Based on this quantification, we found that prochloraz decreased yolk absorption, while butralin, tetrabromobisphenol A, tetrachlorobisphenol A and tributyltin increased yolk absorption. Given the number and variety of industrial chemicals in commerce today, development of automated image processing to perform high-speed quantitative analysis of biological effects is an important step for enabling high throughput screening to identify chemicals altering nutrient absorption.     

骶尾部卵黄囊瘤9例临床病理分析

目的探讨骶尾部卵黄囊瘤(YST)的临床病理学特征及诊断与鉴别诊断。方法对9例骶尾部卵黄囊瘤进行临床病理分析及免疫组化染色,同时复习相关文献。结果 8例为女童,1例为男童,发病年龄16个月~44个月。以臀部或骶尾部包块为主要临床表现。组织病理学检查均可见到典型的内胚窦结构以及腺样、乳头状和疏松网状结构。免疫组化显示9例AFP(+),其中5例呈灶状(+),4例胞质呈弥漫性强(+);2例PLAP灶状(+);8例CK呈强(+),1例(-);9例CD30、HCG、EMA、CD15和CD117均(-)。5例确诊后及时进行化疗,3例未化疗者短期内复发死亡,1例失访。结论骶尾部卵黄囊瘤多见于女婴,恶性度高,化疗敏感,诊断主要依靠组织形态与免疫组化染色。     

超声诊断早期胚胎停育

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在早期胚胎停育中的诊断价值。方法应用经腹及经阴道彩色多谱勒超声对首次超声确诊及可疑胚胎停育二次超声确诊病例的超声表现进行分析总结。结果超声一次确诊者60例（80％）,二次确诊者15例（20％）,其中枯萎孕卵33例（45％）,均未见卵黄囊显示;胚胎死亡21例（28%）,其中卵黄囊枯萎17例（23%）,增大4例（5．3％）。结论经腹及经阴道彩色多普勒超声能对胚胎停育及早、快速、准确地进行明确诊断,能早期发现宫内胚胎发育异常,可指导临床及时处理,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Cellular magnesium acquisition: an anomaly in embryonic cation homeostasis

The intracellular dominance of magnesium ion makes clinical assessment difficult despite the critical role of Mg(++) in many key functions of cells and enzymes. There is general consensus that serum Mg(++) levels are not representative of the growing number of conditions for which magnesium is known to be important. There is no consensus method or sample source for testing for clinical purposes. High intracellular Mg(++) in vertebrate embryos results in part from interactions of cations which influence cell membrane transport systems. These are functionally competent from the earliest stages, at least transiently held over from the unfertilized ovum. Kinetic studies with radiotracer cations, osmolar variations, media lacking one or more of the four biological cations, Na(+), Mg(++), K(+), and Ca(++), and metabolic poison 0.05 mEq/L NaF, demonstrated that: (1) all four cations influence the behavior of the others, and (2) energy is required for uptake and efflux on different time scales, some against gradient. Na(+) uptake is energy dependent against an efflux gradient. The rate of K(+) loss is equal with or without fluoride, suggesting a lack of an energy requirement at these stages. Ca(++) efflux took twice as long in the presence of fluoride, likely due in part to intracellular binding. Mg(++) is anomalous in that early teleost vertebrate embryos have an intracellular content exceeding the surrounding sea water, an isolated unaffected yolk compartment, and a clear requirement for energy for both uptake and efflux. The physiological, pathological, and therapeutic roles of magnesium are poorly understood. This will change: (1) when (28)Mg is once again generally available at a reasonable cost for both basic research and clinical assessment, and (2) when serum or plasma levels are determined simultaneously with intracellular values, preferably as part of complete four cation profiles. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy on sublingual mucosal and peripheral blood samples are potential methods of value for coordinated assessments.     

卵巢卵黄囊瘤的声像图特征、临床病理与预后分析

目的分析并总结卵巢卵黄囊瘤（OYST）的声像图特征、临床病理特点及预后。 方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2020年12月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院行超声检查、经手术病理证实的OYST患者10例,记录患者的临床资料、声像图特点、病理结果及分期、治疗方式及预后。通过与病理结果进行对照,分析各例患者超声特点,总结能够提示OYST的主要或特定声像图特征。 结果OYST患者年龄偏小（≤30岁）,肿块体积大（最大径94~265 mm）,肿瘤内部回声以实性为主,常单侧发病,形状规则,血流信号丰富,甲胎蛋白常异常增高（多数＞1000 ng/ml）。10例OYST患者均选择手术治疗,其中1例患者手术后因肿瘤全身转移伴盆腔脓肿死亡,1例合并妊娠者足月顺产一健康婴儿。2例Ⅲ A期患者死亡,2例Ⅲ C期及6例Ⅰ C期患者均无瘤生存,其中6例患者保留生育功能,化疗后3个月内均恢复正常月经,3例患者已完成生育,生育子女健康。 结论OYST具有某些特定的超声征象,正确认识其声像图特征并结合相关临床及实验室检查,对于该病的术前评估至关重要。