丹参多酚酸与三七总皂苷合用保护OGD/R损伤胶质细胞线粒体、促进神经因子表达作用研究*

目的 探讨丹参多酚酸（Salvianolate Acid，SAL）和三七总皂苷（Panax Notoginseng Saponins，PNS）合用保护氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖（Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation，OGD/R）损伤后星形胶质细胞线粒体、促进神经营养因子表达的作用及机制。方法 大鼠星形胶质细胞原代培养，建立OGD/R损伤模型。Cell counting kit-8（CCK-8）法检测星形胶质细胞活力，流式细胞仪检测活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）释放量、胞内Ca2+ 浓度、线粒体膜电位（mitochondrial membrane potential，MMP）变化，实时定量PCR（real time polymerase chain reaction，RT-PCR）和蛋白质免疫印迹（western blot，WB）法检测HIF-1α、PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路蛋白及脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF）、神经生长因子（nerve growth factor，NGF）、胰岛素样生长因子（insulin-like growth factors，IGF-1α）的表达情况。结果 胶质细胞OGD/R条件确定为OGD4h/R24h，给药浓度确定为SAL 25 μg·mL-1、PNS 6.25 μg·mL-1。与OGD/R组相比，SAL 25 μg·mL-1、PNS 6.25 μg·mL-1、SAL 25 μg·mL-1与PNS 6.25 μg·mL-1合用均能增强损伤后星形胶质细胞活力（P＜0.05），升高MMP，降低ROS释放量（P＜0.05），降低损伤后星形胶质细胞HIF-1α蛋白和mRNA的表达，升高磷脂酰肌醇激酶（PI3K）磷酸化水平（P＜0.05）；SAL还可升高mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平（P＜0.05），PNS可提高Akt磷酸化水平（P＜0.05），增加损伤星形胶质细胞BDNF mRNA 表达（P＜0.05）；SAL、SAL与PNS合用能增加损伤后星形胶质细胞 BDNF、NGF、IGF-1α mRNA 表达（P＜0.05）。结论 丹参多酚酸和三七总皂苷组分合用可保护OGD/R损伤后星形胶质细胞线粒体、促进胶质细胞表达神经营养因子BDNF、NGF、IGF-1α。     

Leaf saponins of Quillaja brasiliensis enhance long-term specific immune responses and promote dose-sparing effect in BVDV experimental vaccines

Saponin-based adjuvants are promising adjuvants that enhance both humoral and T-cell-mediated immunity. One of the most used natural products as vaccine adjuvants are Quillaja saponaria bark saponins and its fraction named Quil A®. Despite that, its use has been restricted for human use due to safety issues. As an alternative, our group has been studying the congener species Quillaja brasiliensis saponins and its performance as vaccine adjuvants, which have shown to trigger humoral and cellular immune responses comparable to Quil A® but with milder side effects. Here, we studied a semi purified aqueous extract (AE) and a previously little characterized saponin-enriched fraction (QB-80) from Q. brasiliensis as vaccine adjuvants and an inactivated virus (bovine viral diarrhea virus, BVDV) antigen co-formulated in experimental vaccines in mice model. For the first time, we show the spectra pattern of the Q. brasiliensis saponins by MALDI-TOF, a novel and cost-effective method that could be used to characterize different batches during saponins production. Both AE and QB-80 exhibited noteworthy chemical similarities to Quil A®. In addition, the haemolytic activity and toxicity were assessed, showing that both AE and QB-80 were less toxic than Quil A®. When subcutaneously inoculated in mice, both fractions promoted long-term strong antibody responses encompassing specific IgG1 and IgG2a, enhanced the avidity of IgG antibodies, induced a robust DTH reaction and significantly increased IFN-ɣ production in T CD4⁺ and T CD8⁺ cells. Furthermore, we have proven herein that AE has the potential to promote dose-sparing, substantially reducing the dose of antigen required for the BVDV vaccines and still eliciting a mixed Th1/Th2 strong immune response. Based on these results, and considering that AE is a raw extract, easier and cheaper to produce than commercially available saponins, this product can be considered as candidate to be escalated from experimental to industrial uses.     

松果菊苷对人肝癌细胞HepG2生长和缝隙连接细胞通讯的影响

目的观察松果菊苷(ECH)对人肝癌细胞Hep G2生长和缝隙连接细胞通讯(GJIC)的影响。方法 Alamar Blue法绘制Hep G2细胞生长曲线,并检测ECH的细胞毒作用;划痕标记染料示踪技术(SL/DT)法观察空白对照组、API阳性对照组、AGA阴性对照组和ECH组对GJIC的影响;异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)间接免疫荧光法观察ECH对缝隙连接蛋白Cx43表达的影响。结果 Hep G2细胞在20 000个/m L的细胞密度Alamar Blue还原率与时间有线性关系。ECH(5、10、20、40和80μM)处理Hep G2细胞24 h,细胞存活率分别为(92.69±3.35)%、(88.33±2.12)%、(80.97±2.50)%、(76.95±1.40)%和(69.09±1.11)%(P0.01)。抑制率最高(80μM浓度下)为30.91%。IC50为467.8μM(368.3μg/m L)。SL/DT显示阳性对照芹黄素和ECH处理24 h后,荧光染料在划痕外4列细胞出现了明显荧光(++++),说明细胞出现染料传输的现象。间接免疫荧光法对Cx43表达进行计分,空白对照组细胞得分为(1.40±0.55)分,ECH组得分为(1.60±0.55)分。结果表明ECH组的Cx43表达增强不明显。结论 ECH对Hep G2细胞有细胞毒作用,同时可增强GJIC功能,但Cx43表达不明显,为ECH抗肿瘤机制提供依据。     

延龄草甾体皂苷抗大鼠急性心肌缺血有效成分的研究

目的:探讨延龄草中3个甾体皂苷单体抗急性心肌缺血的生物活性作用.方法:取SD雄性大鼠90只随机分为9组,分别为假手术组、模型组、地奥心血康组(60.0 mg/kg)、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷单体高剂量组(Y2TH)29.14 mg/kg、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷单体中剂量组(Y2TM)14.57 mg/kg、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷单体高剂量组(Y3TH)17.14 mg/kg、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷单体中剂量组(Y3TM)8.86 mg/kg、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷单体高剂量组(Y4TH)26.86 mg/kg、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷单体中剂量组(Y4TM)14.28 mg/kg,连续灌胃给予相应剂量药物14 d,于末次给药1 h后,采用冠状动脉结扎法建立急性心肌缺血大鼠模型,探讨延龄草中3个甾体皂苷单体对急性心肌缺血大鼠心电图指标、心肌梗死面积、心肌酶(CK、LDH)的影响.结果:地奥心血康组、Y2T、Y3T、Y4T的高、中剂量组均可显著降低急性心肌缺血模型大鼠ST段、T波(P<0.05或P<0.01),能显著减少心肌梗塞范围(P<0.01),并可使血清中CK、LDH活性显著降低(P<0.01),各给药组与模型组比较差异有统计学意义.结论:延龄草中3个甾体皂苷单体Y2T、Y3T、Y4T对急性心肌缺血大鼠的心肌细胞具有一定的保护作用.     

三七总皂苷调控PI3K/AKT信号通路预防糖尿病大血管病变的机制

目的从PI3K/AKT信号通路研究三七总皂苷(panax notoginseng saponins,PNS)预防糖尿病大血管病变的机制。方法雄性SD大鼠分为对照组、模型组和治疗组,模型组和治疗组大鼠高脂饲料喂养6周后给予链脲佐菌素单次腹腔注射(30 mg·kg^-1体质量)建立2型糖尿病模型,成模后治疗组给予PNS灌胃干预(100mg·kg^-1体质量)。血糖仪检测大鼠空腹尾静脉血糖(FBG),ELISA法测定血清空腹胰岛素(FINS)和糖化血红蛋白(GHbA1c)水平,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察腹主动脉病理形态改变,荧光定量PCR检测腹主动脉标记物MMP2、MMP9、CD34、VEGF及PI3K、AKT mRNA相对表达,Western Blot法观察PI3K和AKT蛋白表达情况。结果模型组和治疗组大鼠在STZ注射造模后,FBG均显著高于对照组(P<0.01和P<0.01),两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。模型组和治疗组血清INS均显著高于对照组(P<0.01和P<0.01),治疗组INS显著低于模型组(P<0.05)。HE染色显示,与对照组比较,模型组动脉壁变薄,平滑肌细胞增多,排列紊乱,内膜不光滑;治疗组较模型组明显改善。模型组MMP2、MMP9表达较对照组显著上调(P<0.05和P<0.01),治疗组MMP9较模型组显著下调(P<0.01)。模型组CD34、VEGF表达较对照组显著上调(P<0.05和P<0.01),治疗组CD34较模型组显著下调(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠PI3K表达较对照组显著上调(P<0.05),治疗组PI3K表达较模型组显著下调(P<0.05)。模型组PI3K蛋白、p-AKT蛋白表达均显著高于对照组(P<0.01和P<0.01),治疗组PI3K、p-AKT均显著低于对照组(P<0.01和P<0.05),模型组p-AKT/AKT显著高于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组p-AKT/AKT较模型组有显著降低趋势,且与对照组差异无统计学意义。结论PNS可能通过下调PI3K/AKT信号通路预防糖尿病大血管病变。     

茶皂甙对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响研究

目的观察茶皂甙对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响,为高血压治疗提供新的思路。方法24只雄性自发性高血压大鼠随机分为4组,每组6只:(1)高血压对照组;(2)卡托普利组(150 mg·kg-1·d-1);(3)茶皂甙高剂量组(1600 mg·kg-1·d-1);(4)茶皂甙低剂量组(400 mg·k-g1·d-1);6只雄性WKY大鼠作为正常血压对照组。每天通过灌胃法分别给予卡托普利,高、低剂量的茶皂甙和蒸馏水,每隔两周在上午8~10时用大鼠尾动脉血压无创测量分析系统测量大鼠动脉收缩压一次,共5次。结果给药8周后,茶皂甙高剂量组的动脉收缩压与用药前相比显著下降(P<0.01),明显低于高血压对照组(P<0.01),与卡托普利组接近(P>0.05),茶皂甙低剂量组的动脉收缩压与用药前相比也有一定程度的降低(P<0.05)。结论茶皂甙可以有效降低自发性高血压大鼠的动脉血压。     

三七总皂甙对冠心病不稳定性心绞痛内皮功能的影响

目的　观察三七总皂甙 (血塞通 )对冠心病不稳定性心绞痛患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法　选择冠心病不稳定性心绞痛患者 6 0例 ,随机分两组 ,分别予以血塞通和异舒吉 (二硝酸异山梨酯 )治疗 2周。结果　血塞通组血清一氧化氮含量明显增加 ,血清内皮素水平明显下降 ,与异舒吉组比较 ,两组差异无显著意义。结论　血塞通有效缓解冠心病不稳定性心绞痛临床症状与其改善血管内皮功能、扩血管作用有关。     

雷公藤多甙对NOD小鼠1型糖尿病免疫治疗的机理

目的观察雷公藤多甙（TWP）对雌性非肥胖型糖尿病小鼠（NOD小鼠）1型糖尿病免疫预防作用并初步讨论其机理。方法采用NOD小鼠环磷酰胺加速发病，给TWP后观察糖尿病发病率、半定量RT—PCR分析胰腺组织干扰素γ（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子α（INF—α）、白介素-10（IL-10）mRNA的表达。结果TWP组实验结束时糖尿病发病率（43．33％）低于对照组（71．43％）（P〈0．05）；胰腺组织IFN-γ、TNF—α mRNA的表达降低（P〈0．01），IL-10 mRNA的表达无明显改变。结论TWP可预防NOD鼠糖尿病的发生，其机制可能与下调胰腺组织Th1细胞因子表达有关。     

三七皂苷联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植促进急性脑损伤的恢复

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) has extensive pharmacological basis for the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury, and animal experiments for treatment of brain injury by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are ongoing. However, little is reported about the combined use of PNS and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on traumatic brain injury in rats. METHODS:Traumatic brain injury models were made in 60 Sprague-Dawley rats by hydraulic shock method. Then, model rats were randomized into model group, cell transplantation group receiving bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and combined treatment group undergoing PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Nerve function recovery of the rats and protein expression of nerve growth factor in the brain tissue were evaluated and detected by Bederson scoring and western blot methods, respectively. Morphological changes of the brain tissue and apoptosis in cortical neurons were observed and detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Highest Bederson score was found in the model group, followed by the cell transplantation group and combined treatment group (P < 0.05), while the protein expression of nerve growth factor was ranked as follows: the combined treatment group > the cell transplantation group > the model group (P < 0.05). Inflammatory infiltration and brain edema in the brain were relieved markedly in the combined treatment group compared with the other two groups, and the number of apoptotic neurons was significantly reduced as well. Our findings suggest that PNS combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can promote neurological recovery from traumatic brain injury by increasing the expression of nerve growth factor and reducing neuronal apoptosis.