SPSS11.5软件在正交试验设计中的应用

利用SPSS11．5软件提供的功能进行正交表的设计及方差分析，能达到简便、快捷和准确的统计效果，使正交试验能更广泛地运用于药学、药理学试验设计，提高试验的科学性。     

药物临床试验盲态审核的SPSS实现

本文举例说明了SPSS11．5for Windows软件利用程序编辑窗口编程在药物临床试验盲态审核中的实际应用，列出了各种处理和产生相应的报表。     

利用SPSS软件实现药学实验中正交设计的方差分析

目的:利用SPSS软件实现药学实验中正交设计的方差分析,为药学实验提供更好的数理统计分析。方法:药学实验中经常利用正交设计来完成,再结合数理统计分析选择最佳实验条件。L8(23)、L8(24)、L9(33)、L9(34)四种正交设计是药学实验里边最常用的四种,文章利用现有文献的正交实验实例,用SPSS软件实现药学实验研究中正交设计的方差分析。结果:SPSS可以快速高效的计算出正交设计方差分析结果,灵活地选出最满意的结果。结论:SPSS软件实现正交设计的方差分析,能节省大量的时间,极大地提高工作效率,且结果更为精确。     

乳腺癌复发因素预测模型构建

构建乳腺癌复发因素预测模型,分析最优化算法以及乳腺癌复发特征参数并对相关问题进行探讨,包括随机对照试验应用情况、再复发重要因素以及预测模型算法确定、C5.0算法比较研究等。     

成对数据的主客体互依调节模型在公共卫生领域的应用与SPSS软件实现

目的 介绍主客体互依调节效应模型（Actor–Partner Interdependence Moderation Model，APIMoM）的基本理论，基于多层次模型实现，为APIMoM的实际应用提供方法学参考。方法 介绍APIMoM在不同类型的成对数据以及调节变量中的构建方法，并结合实例提供在SPSS中实现的语句。结果 本文介绍了5种不同类型的成对数据和调节变量组合的APIMoM构建方法，对于可区分的成对数据，可进一步使用二截距模型分别估计对子内两个成员的效应。结论 APIMoM多应用于心理和行为等方面，使用该模型前要考虑清楚变量间的因果关系和调节变量的选择，才能有效地将APIMoM应用于公共卫生领域成对数据的研究。     

膨大素对川麦冬生长发育及其产量和质量的影响

目的研究膨大素对川麦冬生长发育及其产量、质量的影响。方法在收获期随机采样测定川麦冬的生物学性状及产量,用SPSS软件分析川麦冬生物学性状与产量的相关性规律;用UV法测定川麦冬中的总皂苷,考察膨大素的施用量和施用方式对其质量的影响。结果川麦冬的植株生物学性状(除块根直径、株高外)对产量均有显著影响,影响程度为单株块根重>块根数>分蘖数>块根长>百粒重>冠幅。膨大素能促进川麦冬植株地上部分的生长,明显增加块根数、单株块根重,显著提高川麦冬的产量;除低剂量外,膨大素降低了川麦冬总皂苷的含量,且随着剂量的增加,作用越强。结论膨大素能促进川麦冬的生长发育,显著提高川麦冬的产量,且与多效唑分段合用时效果更佳。不同剂量膨大素对川麦冬总皂苷含量的影响差异较大,低剂量有利于川麦冬总皂苷的积累。     

Preliminary evidence of disparities in physical activity among adolescents with bipolar disorder

Physical activity can potentially mitigate the symptomatic burden and cardiovascular risk associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Studies have found that adults with BD are less physically active than controls. However, no previous study has examined this topic among adolescents with BD. This study compares physical activity among adolescents with BD vs. healthy controls without major psychiatric disorders, and examines characteristics associated with physical activity among adolescents with BD. Subjects were 86 adolescents with a diagnosis of BD via gold-standard psychiatric interviews, and 50 controls. The Quick Weight, Activity & Excess Screener (WAVE) was used to assess physical activity. Between-group analyses examined for differences in achieving recommended benchmarks for three types of physical activity: working out, “working in” (incidental physical activity), and screen time. Exploratory within-group analyses were based on a median split (high vs. low) of the total physical activity scores among BD adolescents. Adolescents with BD were significantly less likely to report working out regularly (6%) as compared to controls (22%; χ² = 7.98, p = 0.005). There were no significant between-group differences in working in or screen time. BD adolescents with low levels of physical activity were less likely to have a family history of substance use disorder (p = 0.03). Adolescents with BD are less likely than their peers to achieve the recommended benchmark for regular working out. Future studies are warranted to determine what factors explain this difference, and to identify strategies for optimizing physical activity among adolescents with BD.     

Outcomes after cardiac arrest in an adult burn center

Objective

Adult burn patients who experience in-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) and undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) represent a unique patient population. We believe that they tend to be younger and have the added burden of the burn injury compared to other populations. Our objective was to determine the incidence, causes and outcomes following cardiac arrest (CA) and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within this population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research (ISR) burn intensive care unit (BICU). Charts from 1st January 2000 through 31st August 2009 were reviewed for study. Data were collected all on adult burn patients who experienced in-hospital CA and CPR either in the BICU or associated burn operating room. Patients undergoing CPR elsewhere in our burn unit were excluded because we could not validate the time of CA since they are not routinely monitored with real-time rhythm strips. The study population included civilian burn patients from the local catchment area and burn casualties from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, but patients with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders were excluded.

Results

We found 57 burn patients who had in-hospital CA and CPR yielding an incidence of one or more in-hospital CA of 34 per 1000 admissions (0.34%). Fourteen of these patients (25%) survived to discharge while 43 (75%) died. The most common initial cardiac rhythm was pulseless electrical activity (50.9%). The most common etiology of CA among burn patients was respiratory failure (49.1%). The most significant variable affecting survival to discharge was duration of CPR (P < 0.01) with no patient surviving more than 7 min of CPR.

Conclusions

CPR in burn patients is sometimes effective, and those patients who survive are likely to have good neurological outcomes. However, prolonged CPR times are unlikely to result in return of spontaneous circulation and may be considered futile. Further, those who experience multiple CA are unlikely to survive to discharge.     

Randomised controlled trial: effect of metformin add-on therapy on functional cure in entecavir-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B

Introduction and ObjectivesHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance, indicating functional cure or resolved chronic hepatitis B (CHB), remains difficult to achieve via nucleos(t)ide analogue monotherapy. We investigated whether metformin add-on therapy could help achieve this goal in entecavir-treated patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB.Patients and MethodsPatients with HBeAg-negative CHB who met eligibility criteria (entecavir treatment for > 12 months, HBsAg < 1000 IU/mL) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 24 weeks of either metformin (1000 mg, oral, once a day) or placebo (oral, once a day) add-on therapy. The group allocation was blinded for both patients and investigators. Efficacy and safety analyses were based on the intention-to-treat set. The primary outcome, serum HBsAg level (IU/mL) at weeks 24 and 36, was analysed using mixed models.ResultsSixty eligible patients were randomly assigned to the metformin (n = 29) and placebo (n = 31) groups. There was no substantial between-group difference in the HBsAg level at week 24 (adjusted mean difference 0.05, 95% confidence interval -0.04 to 0.13, p = 0.278) or week 36 (0.06, -0.03 to 0.15, p = 0.187), and no significant effect of group-by-time interaction on the HBsAg level throughout the trial (p = 0.814). The occurrence of total adverse events between the two groups was comparable (9 [31.0%] of 29 vs. 5 [16.1%] of 31, p = 0.227) and no patient experienced serious adverse events during the study.ConclusionAlthough it was safe, metformin add-on therapy did not accelerate HBsAg clearance in entecavir-treated patients with HBeAg-negative CHB.     

三水平线性回归模型软件实现及实例应用

目的：通过对具有层次结构的实例数据进行分析,给出重复测量和非重复测量数据三水平线性回归模型在 SPSS 和 SAS 中的实现方法。方法以持续近距离工作对幼年恒河猴眼球发育影响研究的实验数据为例,阐述三水平线性回归模型的应用条件及软件实现方法。结果如果三水平零模型中水平2和水平3的随机项方差有统计学意义,则说明有必要采用三水平线性回归分析方法。结论基于专业知识判断资料是否有层次结构并结合高水平随机项方差的假设检验,判断是否有必要考虑高水平随机效应。 SPSS MIXED 模块可实现三水平线性回归模型,相对容易操作;SAS中可以用 PROC MIXED 实现,需注意正确指定高水平单位。 SPSS 和 SAS 软件计算结果相同,但是对统计量的自由度调整方法略有差异。