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1.
The increasing frequency and complexity of medical radiation exposures to humans inevitably result in higher risks of harmful unintended or accidental radiation exposures. To ensure a high level of protection and its continuous improvement, the Directive 2013/59/Euratom thus requires to systematically record and analyze both events and near-miss events as well as, in the case of their significance, to disseminate information regarding lessons learned from these events promptly and nationwide to improve radiation protection in medicine. These requirements have been transposed into German legislation by the new radiation protection law and radiation protection ordinance that entered into force simultaneously on December 31th, 2018. The reporting and information system as provided by these regulations as well as the tasks, duties and powers of the parties involved are presented in the first part of this review article. In the second part, the established application-specified criteria for the significance – and thus the notification requirement - of (near-miss) events are itemized and explicated.  相似文献   
2.
目的:通过分析我院医师处方不适宜用药情况,促进合理用药,保障患者用药安全。方法:逐条查阅我院2013年问题处方登记簿,进行分类统计并对突出问题作重点分析。结果:我院医师处方不适宜用药主要表现在:配伍不合理、药物用法不合理、重复用药、选药不合理、溶媒不当、诊断与所开药物不符、用法不明确。结论:处方审核是药师工作的重要内容,药师审核处方,对保证临床安全、有效的使用药物非常重要。  相似文献   
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As demand for health services grows, task-shifting to lay health workers has become an attractive solution to address shortages in human resources. Community health workers (CHWs), particularly in low-resource settings, play critical roles in promoting equitable healthcare among underserved populations. However, CHWs often shoulder additional burdens as members of the same communities in which they work. We examined the experiences of a group of CHWs called Mentor Mothers (MMs) working in a maternal and child health programme, navigating the crossroads between personal and professional life in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. Semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 10) were conducted by an experienced isiXhosa research assistant, asking MMs questions about their experiences working in their own communities, and documenting benefits and challenges. Interviews were transcribed and translated into English and thematically coded. Emergent themes include balancing roles (positive, affirming aspects of the role) and blurring boundaries (challenges navigating between professional and personal obligations). While many MMs described empowering clients to seek care and drawing strength from being seen as a respected health worker, others spoke about difficulties in adequately addressing clients’ needs, and additional burdens they adopted in their personal lives related to the role. We discuss the implications of these findings, on an immediate level (equipping CHWs with self-care and boundary-setting skills), and an intermediate level (introducing opportunities for structured debriefings and emphasising supportive supervision). We also argue that, at a conceptual level, CHW programmes should provide avenues for professionalisation and invest more up-front in their workforce selection, training and support.  相似文献   
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Arguably, Australia's most significant judicial pronouncement on the human rights of those with mental illnesses was made in 2009 by Justice Bell, the then President of the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (“VCAT”). The decision is an exhaustive analysis of the application of the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) to the involuntary status of a person subject to a community treatment order in Victoria. It occurred in the context of delays in the conduct of reviews of the status of a mentally ill person by Victoria's Mental Health Review Board (“the Board”). The outcome of the hearing was a declaration that the Board had breached the person's human rights to a fair hearing, even though the person's involuntary status on a community treatment order was not disturbed by VCAT. Whilst some important aspects of Justice Bell's decision concerning the general methodology to be applied when analysing human rights were overturned in the subsequent Court of Appeal decision of R v Momcilovic [2010] VSCA 50, the latter decision did not concern mental health and so leaves Kracke as the most detailed articulation and analysis of human rights within this difficult sphere.  相似文献   
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BackgroundWhether pharmacists should sell complementary medicines that lack evidence of effectiveness is an important ethical question which is not explicitly addressed in the existing literature or professional guidelines. The question arises because many complementary medicines lack rigorous evidence that they are effective. There is a need for specific practical guidance for pharmacists regarding their responsibilities when selling complementary medicines.ObjectiveOutline and defend an ethical framework for the responsibilities of pharmacists when selling complementary medicines.MethodPrinciple-based ethics consists in the application of the four bioethical principles to make decisions in healthcare. A public health argument is provided that supports the sale of complementary medicines in pharmacy providing pharmacists meet a number of specific professional responsibilities. The theoretical resources provided by principle-based ethics are used to develop and defend a framework for the responsibilities of pharmacists when selling complementary medicines. The proposed framework is defended against counter-arguments that propose a stricter or more lenient approach.ResultsThe framework identifies the following responsibilities of pharmacists selling complementary medicines: (1) pharmacists should provide evidence-based recommendations to consumers regarding complementary medicines, (2) pharmacists should train all staff in a pharmacy to ensure that they provide evidence-based recommendations regarding complementary medicines and refer to a pharmacist when required, (3) when providing advice, pharmacists should provide sufficient information for consumers to make informed decisions, (4) pharmacists should setup the pharmacy so that consumers are offered advice from a pharmacist when purchasing complementary medicines; pharmacists need to be available to provide that advice, and (5) pharmacists must be vigilant for complementary medicine harm and intervene if risk of harm is significant.ConclusionThe framework provides practical guidance for pharmacists regarding their responsibilities when selling complementary medicines.  相似文献   
6.
李学林  徐涛 《中国药房》2014,(5):388-390
目的:明确新医改形势下我国医院药师在医疗机构中的定位与作用。方法:介绍我国现有药师的分类并分析探讨其职责和定位。结果与结论:我国现有药师按专业不同可分为药师、中药师和临床药师;按职称职务可分为药士、药师、主管药师、副主任药师和主任药师;按是否注册可分为药师和执业药师。他们主要在医院药剂科、研究所、制药企业的研究部门、药检所以及药品的生产和流通等部门从事相关工作。医院药师在医疗机构中具有独立性、辅助性、经济性和结构上的立体性。在新医改政策下,医院药师并不是要放弃传统的医院药学工作,而是要增加临床药学的工作内容,使医院药师的队伍不断壮大,功能更加完善。传统的医院药学工作和现代的临床药学工作是相互促进、相互支撑的,都是医疗工作中不可或缺的组成部分,只有在做好传统医院药师本职工作的基础上来开展临床药学活动,才是医院药师正确的发展之道。  相似文献   
7.
浅论实验动物兽医的职责及实践   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
随着我国实验动物科学和动物试验的迅速发展,实验动物兽医的需求越来越大。实验动物兽医的角色多种多样,广义地讲可以是任何具有兽医资质且从事实验动物管理、繁育、疾病诊断防治、动物试验和研究的人员。通常实验动物兽医是指实验动物临床兽医或实验动物主管兽医。实验动物兽医的天职是确保动物的健康和福利,并支持高质量的动物试验研究。本文从实验动物兽医工作的必要性、实验动物兽医的发展、实验动物兽医的资质、职责等几个方面,并结合合同外包研发机构中兽医的实践阐述了实验动物兽医的工作性质、任务和内容。  相似文献   
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对社区医院药师履行社会责任的思考   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
陈颖  蒋君好  谢宝刚  李勤耕 《中国药房》2006,17(11):873-874
目的:探索社区药学服务的开展。方法:通过分析现状,阐述社区药学服务的重要意义,就提高社区药学服务水平进行一些理论上的探讨。结果与结论:以患者为中心的社区药学服务是社区药师的首要责任,社区药师必须加强学习,不断调整知识结构,在社区医疗服务中发挥其重要作用。  相似文献   
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