红花2-甲基-6-叶绿基-1,4-苯醌甲基转移酶基因的克隆及表达分析

目的克隆红花维生素E合成相关关键酶2-甲基-6-叶绿基-1,4-苯醌甲基转移酶(MPBQ MT)基因,并进行生物信息学及表达分析,为红花维生素E生物合成及调控机制研究奠定基础。方法根据红花种子转录组数据库中得到的中间序列,采用RT-PCR和RACE方法从红花种子中克隆MPBQ MT基因序列,通过生物信息学对该基因蛋白的特征进行分析,构建MPBQ MT与相关物种MPBQ MT的系统进化树,利用RT-PCR方法分析在红花种子不同发育时期MPBQ MT基因的表达量。结果MPBQ MT基因全长1 392 bp,命名为Ct MPBQ MT,具有完整的开放阅读框(ORF),共1 038 bp,编码345个氨基酸。生物信息学分析显示,该基因编码的蛋白理论相对分子质量约为38 900。保守结构域预测表明,该基因编码的蛋白具有典型的SAM蛋白功能结构域。结合其他物种的MPBQ MT基因构建系统树表明,红花MPBQ MT基因与其他物种氨基酸具有一定的同源性,其中与向日葵和生菜同源性高达89%和86%。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,MPBQ MT基因在红花开花后50 d的种子中表达量最高。结论成功地对MPBQ MT基因进行克隆及表达分析,为红花维生素E合成及调控机制研究奠定基础。     

红花转录因子CtMYB1基因的克隆及原核表达

目的 从红花Carthamus tinctorius 花瓣中克隆转录因子基因CtMYB1,并进行序列分析和原核表达载体的构建。方法 根据红花转录组测序结果中得到的高表达的Unigene123933序列,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术从红花花瓣中扩增得到CtMYB1基因的全长cDNA序列,并进行生物信息学分析;以CtMYB1基因的全长cDNA序列为模板,PCR扩增得到CtMYB1基因的开放阅读框(ORF)序列,构建原核表达载体pEASY-E1-CtMYB1。转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达。结果 成功从红花中克隆1个MYB基因,命名为CtMYB1,GenBank登录号为KJ524853。CtMYB1基因全长893 bp,ORF为750 bp,编码249个氨基酸。同时,成功构建了该基因的原核表达载体。SDS-PAGE结果显示该蛋白的大小约30 000,与预测的蛋白相对分子质量一致。结论 成功克隆了CtMYB1基因,构建了原核表达载体,初步证明该基因在大肠杆菌中成功表达。     

穿心莲八氢番茄红素脱氢酶ApPDS的基因克隆及功能鉴定

采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从穿心莲植株中克隆得到了八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(PDS)的全长cDNA,预测有一个1 752 bp的完整开放阅读框(序列已登录GenBank,登录号KP982892),编码584个氨基酸。序列同源性分析,穿心莲PDS编码的氨基酸序列与芝麻、广藿香、黄芩等其他植物的PDS有很高的同源性,该蛋白包含一个共有的氨基酸脱氢酶的辅酶结构域NAD(H)-binding domain。利用半定量RT-PCR技术进行组织表达模式分析,发现PDS基因在穿心莲的根、茎、叶、花中均有表达,表达量为叶> 花> 茎> 根。用病毒诱导基因沉默(VIGS)的方法在穿心功莲体内鉴定ApPDS的功能,构建VIGS载体pTRV2-PDS,经农杆菌浸染穿心莲叶片,植物表型观察、定量RT-PCR检测ApPDS基因的表达,结果观察到叶片轻微变黄和明显的基因下调,鉴定了ApPDS在体内的功能。该研究首次克隆并鉴定了穿心莲PDS基因,为进一步研究穿心莲中新基因尤其是穿心莲内酯类二萜生物合成基因的功能奠定了基础。     

红花黄酮醇合酶基因的全长cDNA克隆及植物表达载体的构建

黄酮醇合酶(flavonol synthase,FLS)是黄酮化合物代谢途径中的关键酶之一。本文在红花转录组测序结果中获得中间序列的基础上,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,从我国传统中药材红花花瓣中克隆到黄酮醇合酶基因的全长c DNA。该基因全长1 201 bp,开放阅读框1 011 bp,编码336个氨基酸。系统进化分析表明,红花FLS基因编码氨基酸与同属菊科植物氨基酸具有一定的同源性,其中与金光菊的亲缘关系最近。通过分子生物学方法,成功构建p BASTA-FLS植物表达载体。为后续研究该基因的生物功能及黄酮化合物合成机制奠定了基础。     

RACE策略扩增EDAG-1基因3''''端及序列分析

目的通过RACE（rapid amplification of cDNA Ends）技术分析K-562细胞株中高表达的EDAG-1基因3＇端。方法采用Marathon-Ready^TMcDNA方法扩增HLCMcENA（人白血病细胞株K-562，Marathon-Ready^TM cDNA）的EDAG-1基因3＇端，将扩增的特异带回收纯化，构建到原核表达载体中，提取质粒并且测序分析。结果第1次扩增、第1次巢式PCR扩增未见明显特异带，2次巢式PCR结果可见200bp特异带，回收后连接到pMD18-T中，转化到大肠杆菌中并筛选阳性菌落，提取质粒测序，结果未发现该段序列存在点突变、插入或缺失。结论EDAG-1基因在白血病细胞株K-562中高表达的机制可能与3’端无关。     

Identification of Cha o 3 homolog Cry j 4 from Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar) pollen: Limitation of the present Japanese cedar–specific ASIT

Background

About one-third of the Japanese population suffers from Japanese cedar pollinosis, which is frequently accompanied by Japanese cypress pollinosis. Recently, a novel major Japanese cypress pollen allergen, Cha o 3, was discovered. However, whether a Cha o 3 homolog is present in Japanese cedar pollen remains to be determined.

联合PCR技术克隆白纹伊蚊漆酶型酚氧化酶基因及其生物信息学分析

目的测定白纹伊蚊漆酶型酚氧化酶的基因的全长序列并用生物信息学方法分析其结构和功能。方法从白纹伊蚊卵、幼虫、蛹、雌蚊、雄蚊中提取总RNA,逆转录后以总cDNA为模板,设计简并引物进行巢式PCR,扩增部分序列后设计新的特异性引物补全5’端序列,使用3’-RACE法补全3’端序列,拼接全长后进一步进行生物信息学分析。结果通过巢式PCR扩增出1145bp的核苷酸序列,测序后设计5’端序列的下游引物,扩增出约900bp的核苷酸序列,设计3’端的上游引物,配合3’RACE试剂盒扩增出约600bp的核苷酸序列,寻找重复序列将三段序列进行拼接,得到国内外从未获得的长2244bp、编码747个氨基酸序列的白纹伊蚊漆酶型酚氧化酶基因的全长序列。生物信息学分析其与白纹伊蚊的相似性最高,为含信号肽的跨膜蛋白,含3个Cu氧化酶超家族位点,属于蓝色多铜氧化酶家族。结论联合PCR技术的应用使较长长度的基因序列的扩增更为方便、准确。为进一步对其进行功能的研究奠定了基础。     

Evolutionary history of the T cell receptor complex as revealed by small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula)

In every jawed vertebrate species studied so far, the T cell receptor (TCR) complex is composed of two different TCR chains (α/β or γ/δ) and a number of CD3 subunits responsible for transmitting signals into the T cell. In this study, we characterised all of the TCR and CD3 genes of small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) and analysed their expression in a broad range of tissues. While the TCR complex is highly conserved across jawed vertebrates, we identified a number of differences in catshark, most notably the presence of two copies of both TCRβ and CD3γδ, and the absence of a functionally-important proline rich region from CD3ε. We also demonstrate that TCRβ has duplicated independently multiple times in jawed vertebrate evolution, bringing additional diversity to the TCR complex. This study reveals new insights about the evolutionary history of the TCR complex and raises new avenues for future exploration.     

日本血吸虫视黄酸X受体2全长cDNA的克隆及初步分析

目的克隆编码日本血吸虫视黄酸X受体2(SjRXR2)蛋白的全长cDNA,并对其进行初步研究。方法利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)获得SjRXR2蛋白全长编码cDNA。利用生物信息学技术,对基因结构进行初步分析。利用实时荧光定量(Real time)PCR技术对该基因在日本血吸虫不同时期虫体中的转录情况进行分析。应用在线抗体表位预测软件获得SjRXR2配体结合区抗原性较强的一个多肽序列,合成该多肽片段,并免疫小鼠制备抗血清。利用Western blot技术分析该蛋白在日本血吸虫中的表达。结果采用RACE技术成功获得了SjRXR2蛋白全长编码cDNA,总长度为5 960bp,其完整开放阅读框为4 308 bp,编码1 435个氨基酸,预测分子量为159 kDa。生物信息学分析表明该基因编码的蛋白质序列具有核受体家族2的典型结构域特征,且与曼氏血吸虫RXR2有较高的相似性。Real time PCR分析表明,该基因在21、42 d龄日本血吸虫虫体内有较高的转录水平。Western blot分析表明,小鼠SjRXR2多肽免疫血清可特异性识别日本血吸虫虫体150 kDa蛋白。结论成功获得了编码SjRXR2蛋白的全长cDNA,并制备了针对该蛋白的特异性多克隆抗体,为进一步研究该蛋白的功能奠定了基础。     

Circulating salmon 41-kDa insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) is not IGFBP-3 but an IGFBP-2 subtype

In vertebrates, most circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is bound to multiple forms of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that differ both structurally and functionally. In mammals, the largest reservoir of IGF in the circulation comes from a large (150 kDa) ternary complex comprised of IGF bound to IGFBP-3, which is bound to an acid label subunit (ALS), and this variant of IGFBP is regulated by growth hormone (GH) and feed intake. Although multiple variants of IGFBPs ranging from 20 to 50 kDa have been found in fishes, no ternary complex is present and it has been assumed that the majority of circulating IGF is bound to fish IGFBP-3. Consistent with this assumption is previous work in salmon showing the presence of a 41-kDa IGFBP that is stimulated by GH, decreases with fasting and increases with feeding. However, the hypothesis that the salmon 41-kDa IGFBP is structurally homologous to mammalian IGFBP-3 has not been directly tested. To address this issue, we cloned cDNAs for several Chinook salmon IGFBPs, and found that the cDNA sequence of the 41-kDa IGFBP is most similar to that of mammalian IGFBP-2 and dissimilar to IGFBP-3. We found an additional IGFBP (termed IGFBP-2a) with high homology to mammalian IGFBP-2. These results demonstrate that salmon 41-kDa IGFBP is not IGFBP-3, but a paralog of IGFBP-2 (termed IGFBP-2b). Salmon IGFBP-2s are also unique in terms of having potential N-glycosylation sites and splice variants. Additional research on non-mammalian IGFBPs is needed to fully understand the molecular/functional evolution of the IGFBP family and the significance of the ternary complex in vertebrates.