基于~1H-MRS与LCModel软件检测健康青年人服用磷酸可待因后前额叶及海马代谢物变化

目的通过绝对定量分析健康青年人服用磷酸可待因后双侧前额叶及海马代谢物浓度变化,为下一步研究青年人可待因慢性成瘾机制提供前期实验数据参考。材料与方法正常健康青年志愿者20名,男10名,女10名,年龄18~30岁,平均(24.9±1.9)岁,均为右利手,无神经、精神疾病病史。采用GE 1.5 T Signa HDX超导MR扫描仪,单体素1H-MRS PRESS序列,TR 3000 ms,TE 30 ms,矩阵256×128,NEX为1,感兴趣区置于双侧前额叶及双侧海马,大小2 cm×2 cm×2 cm,采集服药前及口服60 mg磷酸可待因后1.0~2 h内的实验数据,利用LCModel软件对采集的数据进行后处理及定量,用SPSS19.0配对样本t检验进行统计学分析。结果服用磷酸可待因后左前额叶脑代谢物发生改变,甘油磷酸胆碱(GPC)浓度增加0.254 mmol/L、肌醇(Ins)浓度下降0.988 mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(n=13,P0.05;n=12,P0.05);右前额叶、双侧海马的代谢物浓度改变无统计学差异。结论口服磷酸可待因能引起左前额叶代谢物的改变,GPC浓度上升与Ins浓度下降可能与急性用药后前膜递质释放减少有关。     

The association of bone density and calcified atherosclerosis is stronger in women without dyslipidemia: The multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis

We tested whether the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) varies according to dyslipidemia in community‐living individuals. Between 2002 and 2005, 305 women and 631 men (mean age of 64 years), who were not taking lipid‐lowering medications or estrogen were assessed for spine BMD, CAC, and total (TC), HDL‐ and LDL‐cholesterol and triglycerides. Participants were a random sample from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) without clinical cardiovascular disease. Spine BMD at the L3 vertebrate was performed by computer tomography (CT). CAC prevalence was measured by CT. The total cholesterol to HDL ratio (TC:HDL) ≥ 5.0 was used as the primary marker of hyperlipidemia. The association of BMD with CAC differed in women with TC:HDL < 5.0 versus higher (p‐interaction = 0.01). In age‐ and race‐adjusted models, among women with TC:HDL < 5.0, each SD (43.4 mg/cc) greater BMD was associated with a 25% lower prevalence of CAC (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.89), whereas among women with higher TC:HDL, higher BMD was not significantly associated with CAC (PR 1.22, 95% CI 0.82–1.82). Results were similar using other definitions of hyperlipidemia. In contrast, no consistent association was observed between BMD and CAC in men, irrespective of the TC:HDL ratio (p interaction 0.54). The inverse association of BMD with CAC is stronger in women without dyslipidemia. These data argue against the hypothesis that dyslipidemia is the key factor responsible for the inverse association of BMD with atherosclerosis. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research     

Quantitation of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Swine Sera by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Abstract

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for quantitation of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in swine sera. Because a commercial anti-swine IgG conjugate was directed also against swine IgM, the conjugate was absorbed with the IgM fraction to eliminate the interference of naturally occurring IgM antibodies that appeared consistently in sera collected from slaughtered pigs at an abattoir. The ELISA values of 0.2 or more observed in most of the sera successfully decreased to less than 0.2 by the use of absorbed conjugate. An attempt to use a protein A conjugate has failed. Evaluation of this system by comparing it with the latex agglutination test provided a high significant correlation, indicating its usefulness for serodiagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis.     

复方丹参片显微定量及异性有机物检查方法改进的研究

目的 建立复方丹参片中三七定量显微鉴别方法,并改进异性有机物显微检查方法.方法 采用定量前处理,根据显微组织分布率计算三七投料情况;明确异性有机物的检查特征.结果 部分产品中三七未足量投料;排查了对异性有机物的误判可能.结论 采用植物组织分布率可初步判断三七投料是否足量;明确异性有机物检查特征保证了检测结果的准确可靠.     

Functional imaging of the brain using single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT)

Summary The use of tracers is an important technique available for studying cerebral function. Changes in signal are large, but as a result of its photon limited nature, the measurement of this signal is limited: spatially, temporally and in terms of accuracy. The most commonly used single photon (SPECT) system (as apposed to positron) is that with a rotating gamma camera, although multi-headed devices and special purpose rings are now also commonly available. The problems of obtaining good functional information are however identical. Firstly the devices need to be optimised in terms of resolution and sensitivity. Secondly several sources of error, notably those associated with scatter, attenuation and limited spatial resolution, need to be corrected, with the aim of obtaining quantitative estimates of radioactivity concentration. Finally such quantitative estimates need to be converted into meaningful estimates of physiological variables by use of an appropriate model. The general aim of many SPECT measurements is to estimate blood flow for example using Tc-99m labelled HMPAO as a tracer. Good results have been obtained in many clinical conditions: stroke, dementia, tumour and epilepsy, for example. Many other tracers are also available, for example to measure density of receptor sites. The use of SPECT in conjunction with other techniques after image registration is suggested as being an essential tool in extracting maximal clinical information.     

胎盘,羊水早期到成熟阶段的超声图像定量分析研究

自1994年以来,我们应用DFY-Ⅰ型多功能超声定量分析诊断仪,测量组织结构超声图像的分贝(dB),灰阶(GS)值。本文检测分析了157例正常胎盘、羊水测值,结果表明:正常胎盘、羊水早期、中期和晚期的分贝(dB),灰阶(GS)值各阶段存在着明显差异。本资料提示,“定量仪”对超声图像进行定量分析,对正常胎盘、羊水早期到成熟的演变过程提供了诊断依据。     

HBV-DNA定量标准品的构建

目的 建立一种简便快速的DNA定量标准品的制备方法.方法 PCR扩增目的片段,与T载体连接,转化感受态大肠杆菌DH5d,阳性克隆进行测序证实.结果 标准品建立的标准曲线有较大的线性范围,批内和批间重复性也较好,且可长期稳定保存.结论 使用质粒标准品对样本中病毒载量进行测定是一种可行的办法.     

Development of a Plexor real-time PCR assay for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2

A novel, real-time PCR system for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was developed. The system employed Plexor technology and detected 10⁸-10¹ copies per reaction of PCV2 DNA within a recombinant plasmid. The examination of clinical material showed consistent diagnostic sensitivity when samples contained more than 10³ viral copies per reaction. Specificity of Plexor real-time PCR was confirmed using the porcine viruses PCV1, PRRSV, CSFV, TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 employing the melting curve analysis of PCR products. The low values of coefficient of variation in the intra- (1.74%) and inter-assay (2.41%) analysis suggested that the assay was a highly reproducible. The Plexor real-time PCR was compared with three other real-time PCR systems (SYBR Green, TaqMan, LUX) with conclusion that it can be used as a method of choice for the detection and quantitation of PCV2.     

Elevation of guinea pig brain preprodynorphin mRNA expression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity by “binge” pattern cocaine administration

The endogenous opioid system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been implicated in many of the neurobiological effects of cocaine. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that “binge” pattern cocaine administration increases preprodynorphin (ppDyn) mRNA levels in the caudate putamen and circulating levels of corticosterone in the rat. The present study extended these findings to guinea pigs, a species known to have a κ opioid receptor profile similar to that of humans. Male guinea pigs were treated with: (a) “binge” pattern cocaine for 7 days (subchronic) (3 × 15 mg/kg/day, hourly, intraperitoneal); (b) “binge” pattern saline for 5 days followed by “binge” pattern cocaine for 2 days (subacute); or (c) “binge” pattern saline for 7 days. Thirty minutes after the final injection, levels of ppDyn mRNA were quantitated in the nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, frontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus using a solution hybridization RNase protection assay. Regional distribution of ppDyn mRNA levels in the guinea pig brain was similar to that found in rat, with highest levels in the nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen. In the caudate putamen, ppDyn mRNA was significantly increased following either 2 days (38% increase) or 7 days (32% increase) of “binge” pattern cocaine administration as compared to saline-treated controls. No significant changes in ppDyn mRNA levels were found in any other brain region. Both subacute and subchronic “binge” cocaine administration significantly elevated plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and cortisol. However, the ACTH and cortisol increases were significantly blunted following 7 days of “binge” cocaine administration as compared to 2 days of drug treatment, reflecting the development of HPA tolerance or adaptation to repeated cocaine administration. Thus, the ppDyn mRNA and HPA responses to cocaine in guinea pigs are similar to those observed in rats.