Pharmacological therapy of vascular malformations of the gastrointestinal tract.

Vascular malformation (AVM) in the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon, but not rare, cause of bleeding and iron deficiency anemia, especially in an aging population. While endoscopic coagulative therapy is the method of choice for controlling bleeding, a substantial number of cases require additional therapy. Adjunctive or even primary phamacotherapy may be indicated in recurrent bleeding. However, there is little evidence-based proof of efficacy for any agent. The bulk of support is derived from anecdotal reports or case series. The present review compares the outcome of AVM after no intervention, coagulative therapy or focus on pharmacological agents. Most of the literature encompasses two common AVMs, angiodysplasia and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Similarly, the bulk of information evaluates two therapies, hormones (estrogen and progesterone) and the somatostatin analogue octreotide. Of these, the former is the only therapy evaluated in randomized trials, and the results are conflicting without clear guidelines. The latter therapy has been reported only as case reports and case series without prospective trials. In addition, other anecdotally used medications are discussed.     

3味山姜属中药黄酮类成分对大鼠环核苷酸水平及交感神经-肾上腺轴的影响

目的：观察高良姜、大高良姜、红豆蔻黄酮类成分对胃溃疡寒证大鼠环核苷酸水平及交感神经-肾上腺轴的影响,探讨3味山姜属中药温热药性的物质基础。方法：采用灌服冰知母水煎液与15%冰乙酸制备大鼠胃溃疡寒证模型,以干姜姜辣素为阳性对照,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法测定腺苷酸环化酶（AC）、磷酸二酯酶2（PDE2）、环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）、环磷酸鸟苷（cGMP）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、多巴胺β羟化酶（D-β-H）含量。结果：与空白组比较,胃溃疡寒证模型组大鼠胃组织AC、cAMP含量及cAMP/cGMP比值显著降低,PDE2含量显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,高良姜、大高良姜、红豆蔻高低剂量组大鼠胃组织AC含量升高;高良姜、大高良姜、红豆蔻高低剂量组大鼠胃组织PDE2含量显著降低,cAMP含量、cAMP/cGMP比值显著升高（P<0.01或P<0.05）。结论：3味山姜属中药黄酮类成分通过调节胃溃疡寒证大鼠环核苷酸水平从而促进交感神经-肾上腺轴功能活动的作用,也体现出黄酮类成分药性温热。     

Preliminary study on the suitability of a pharmacological bio-assay based on cardiac myocytes cultured over microfabricated microelectrode arrays

There are a range of techniques that can be used to assay bioactive compound. One potentially promising technique is a system consisting of microfabricated extracellular recording devices over which electrogenic cells can be grown. To date, research in this area has concentrated on the use of neurons as an electrogenic cell type. However, these cells have limitations. Only small extracellular potentials have been recorded from mammalian neurons cultured over microfabricated electrode arrays. Although such potentials may be of use in assays examining the effects of bio-active compound analogues on firing frequency, they are of little use for more detailed pharmacological studies involving analyses of signal shape. What is required is a system from which much larger extracellular potentials can be recorded. This preliminary study reports on a system based on cardiac myocytes cultured over microfabricated metal microelectrode arrays, from which potentials with a mean amplitude of 16.9 μV can be reliably recorded, which can be reversibly blocked with μmoll⁻¹ concentrations of the sodium ion channel blocker lidocaine. Less common potentials with amplitudes of up to 3.5 mV were also recorded. It is demonstrated that cardiac myocytes cultured over microfabricated micro-electrode arrays can be used in assays of cardioactive compound analogues.     

愈肝片对实验性大鼠急慢性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨愈肝片对大鼠D-氨基半乳糖急性肝损伤和四氯化碳慢性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：分组造模给药后测定大鼠血清中AST、ALT、TP、ALB和出凝血时间的变化，取肝组织做病理学检测。结果：愈肝片能降低D-氨基半乳糖急性肝损伤大鼠血清AST、升高白蛋白ALB，改善出凝血时间，可明显减轻肝组织变性、坏死程度；并能降低四氯化碳慢性肝损伤大鼠血清AST、ALT，升高ALB、TP。结论：愈肝片对D氨基半乳糖和四氯化碳所致的急慢性肝损伤有保护作用。     

女贞子的药理作用研究状况

从十个方面概述女贞子药理作用实验研究状况。     

中药蒲黄的化学与药理活性

对近年来国内外有关蒲黄的化学和药理活性研究概况进行了综述，研究发现蒲黄具有多种药理作用，可以改善微循环，提高体内ｃＡＭＰ水平，防治冠心病、高脂血症和心肌梗塞等，且毒副作用少，使用安全，黄酮类化合物为其主要有效成分。指出对中药蒲黄的资源开发和利用研究应进一步深入，同时也应进行扩大资源的研究。     

芩栀胶囊的一般药理作用研究

目的：观察芩栀胶囊对小鼠、大鼠精神神经系统和麻醉犬心血管系统、呼吸系统的影响，探讨其用药安全性。方法：芩栀胶囊灌胃给药，观察给药后小鼠和大鼠的一般行为表现及平衡爬杆实验，考察其对精神神经系统的影响；芩栀胶囊十二指肠给药，在八道生理记录仪上记录给药前后相关指标的变化，考察其对心血管系统及呼吸系统的影响。结果：芩栀胶囊不影响小鼠和大鼠的一般行为表现，姿势、步态正常，无肌颤、流涎、瞳孔异常等变化，在平衡爬杆时间点，大鼠30min内跌落次数〈3次；对麻醉犬呼吸频率、血压、心率等未见影响。结论：一般药理作用研究表明，芩栀胶囊对动物精神神经系统、心血管系统及呼吸系统无明显影响，提示其不良反应小。     

药用老鹳草原植物分布概述

通过对药用老鹳草常用品种及其同属原植物地区分布的概述，总结了目前国内外对药用老鹳草研究的各品系，为今后规范中药材的使用，以及开发更多的代用品提供相关前期基础。     

中药小红参的研究概况

茜草科茜草属植物小红参具有重要的药用价值。作为云南的特产药材之一，小红参在民间的应用已有上百年的历史，它具有活血通经、祛风除湿等功效。从该植物中分离得到的化学成分多为蒽醌、三萜类，此外尚有环肽、萘醌类等成分。它们多具有抗癌、抗心肌缺血、调节T淋巴细胞、升白祛痰等药理活性。     

金莲花活性成分研究及其应用

金莲花为毛莨科草本植物的干燥花,其有效成分为黄酮类,具有抗菌和抗病毒作用,现已从中分离出牡荆苷、荭草苷等化学成分。从药理学、临床医学及应用价值等方面对金莲花进行研究,为其更好地开发利用提供科学依据。