福州市内河蚊虫孳生情况的调查

目的了解福州市内河的蚊虫孳生情况,为城市科学灭蚊提供依据。方法采用目测和勺捕相结合的方法,调查福州市城区和城乡接合部内河蚊虫孳生的情况,以500 ml勺捕捞幼虫,计算孳生严重的内河的蚊幼密度(条/勺);选取孳生严重的内河进行蚊虫孳生的季节消长调查。结果调查城区河道300处,孳生2处,孳生频率为0.67%,调查城乡接合部河道200处,孳生24处,孳生率为12.0%。主要孳生蚊种为致倦库蚊,伴有少量褐尾库蚊孳生,幼虫密度最高可达到657条/勺。幼虫主要孳生在内河两岸和水生植物周围。福州市内河蚊虫孳生有比较明显的季节变化,5和11月为密度的2个高峰,2和8月为密度的2个低谷。结论福州城市内河在一定条件下会成为超大型蚊虫孳生地,是城市灭蚊中不可忽视的孳生场所。     

A multiplex PCR to differentiate the two sibling species of mosquitoes Ochlerotatus detritus and Oc. coluzzii and evidence for further genetic heterogeneity within the Detritus complex

Internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA were sequenced, and species-specific primers were designed to simplify the identification of two morphologically similar species of the Detritus complex, Ochlerotatus detritus and Ochlerotatus coluzzii. Each newly designed primer was able to amplify a species-specific fragment with a different size. Samples from France and Germany were successfully tested. This new tool prompts for bio-ecological studies to refine basic knowledge on the bionomics of this species complex, towards a better control and prevention of ensuing nuisances. Moreover, ITS2 sequencing revealed the existence of (1) two distinct haplotypes of Oc. detritus that are sympatric and widely distributed along the French Atlantic and Mediterranean littorals and (2) a specific haplotype in mosquitoes sampled from Tunisia, raising the question of the taxonomic status of this North-African population.     

Indifferent to disease: A qualitative investigation of the reasons why some Papua New Guineans who own mosquito nets choose not to use them

This paper presents findings from a qualitative study designed to explore the reasons why some Papua New Guineans who own mosquito nets choose not to use them, whether on a regular or episodic basis. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with a sub-sample (n = 44) of participants in a country wide household survey who reported owning or having access to a mosquito net, but not having slept under a mosquito net the night prior to survey. All IDIs were completed between December 2010 and June 2011. Analysis was informed by a general inductive methodology. Multiple impediments to regular mosquito net use were identified by study participants, although all were broadly grouped into the inter-related categories of net-, environmental- or human-factors. Indifference emerged as the most influential impediment towards regular net use presenting as a general attitudinal context in which a majority of participant responses were grounded. A lack of knowledge regarding malaria transmission pathways or the utility of mosquito nets did not appear to underlie this indifference. Rather, the indifference appeared to be rooted in a lack of fear of malaria infection cultivated through lived experience. A wide range of interventions could potentially promote greater mosquito net use amongst this population. However, the basis of any intervention strategy, given the pervasive indifferent attitude towards regular mosquito net use, should be to render individual mosquito net use as easy and as convenient as possible and to promote complementary malaria control strategies where appropriate.     

Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Successfully Induces Durable Complete Remission in 2 Patients with Mosquito Allergy Resulting from Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated T-/Natural Killer Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease

Recent findings indicate that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected T-/natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of mosquito allergy, and most patients with mosquito allergy die early in life if not properly treated. Over the last 7 years, we have been using combination chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of EBV-associated T-/NK cell lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) in which chronic active EBV infection and mosquito allergy were included. As of this writing, we have successfully treated 2 patients with mosquito allergy with chemotherapy in which EBV-infected T-/NK cells were eradicated. The findings suggest the possible role of chemotherapy in the treatment of EBV-associated T-/NK cell LPD.     

云南景洪市蚊虫季节消长与乙型脑炎流行关系研究

为掌握云南景洪市蚊虫季节消长特点及其与乙型脑炎流行的关系,为该疾病防控提供有效依据,2007年10月至2008年9月本研究在云南景洪市普文镇畜圈和人房每月采用诱蚊灯方法通宵捕蚊,对采获的蚊虫使用白纹伊蚊C6/36细胞培养法分离乙脑病毒,并对分离到的病毒进行分子生物学鉴定.收集2007～2008年景洪市乙脑疫情资料进行乙...     

上海市中心城区人诱停落法连续194天成蚊监测及种群动态研究

目的探索上海市城区中心地带蚊虫种群动态变化、时间分布及成蚊叮刺指数状况。方法选取城区蚊虫较易出现的公园和绿化区域环境类型（人民广场及人民公园地区）,采用人诱停落法进行连续194d的成蚊动态监测研究。结果2012年4月下旬至10月下旬共194d捕获成蚊1666只,包括3属5种,其中白纹伊蚊和淡色库蚊的构成比分别为71．1％和27．7％;成蚊日波动幅度较大,高峰期集中在7-9月,最高达到52只／d;成蚊种群的旬分布趋势显示,淡色库蚊高峰期出现在6月上旬,其密度在5-6月显著高于白纹伊蚊（均P〈O．05）;白纹伊蚊高峰期出现在7月下旬,7-9月期间,白纹伊蚊密度均显著高于淡色库蚊,属最优势蚊种。结论针对中心城区蚊虫侵害度采用人诱停落法进行连续194d成蚊监测尚属首次报道,研究提示蚊虫的常规监测方法存在一定的局限性和不准确性;上海市中心城区的蚊媒防治工作仍应针对白纹伊蚊和淡色库蚊两种优势蚊种,采取有效的、针对性的防控措施;此外研究提示,上海市中心城区适宜越冬蚊生存场所较多的现象可能导致次年淡色库蚊高峰期提前到来。     

西藏察隅县营区蚊虫的组成及分布特征

目的 调查察隅县营区室内外蚊虫的组成及其空间分布情况。方法 采用二氧化碳诱蚊灯法和帐诱法,对院落、畜圈外周和野外林地3种栖息环境内的蚊虫进行调查取样、分类鉴定和计数,所获资料分别应用数量和分布型进行统计分析。结果 本次调查共捕获蚊类2亚科4属6种共822只,其中,伪杂鳞库蚊数量最多,占捕获总数的86.25%;其次是多斑按蚊和骚扰阿蚊,分别占5.47%和5.23%;在不同栖息环境捕获次数中,人房中最高是伪杂鳞库蚊,占分布类型0.476,畜圈周围较高的是带足按蚊、多斑按蚊和骚扰阿蚊,占分布类型0.750、0.818和0.615,刺扰伊蚊仅在林地捕获。结论 伪杂鳞库蚊不仅在数量上占优势,并偏好入室活动;提示在防治时室内采取滞留喷洒,室外重点进行孳生地治理;带足按蚊和多斑按蚊偏向于在畜圈活动,畜圈应是该2种蚊虫的重点防治区域。     

2019—2020年哈密市蚊虫种类分布及携带病毒调查

目的　了解新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市蚊虫种类及病毒携带情况,并鉴定该市尖音库蚊所属亚种。方法　分别于2019、2020年7月中旬,在新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市伊州区、伊吾县、巴里坤县采用诱蚊灯法捕捉蚊虫,鉴定所捕获蚊虫种属及尖音库蚊种属。采用逆转录PCR技术检测捕获蚊虫携带黄病毒属、甲病毒属、布尼亚病毒属、流行性乙型脑炎病毒、辽宁病毒、Tahyna病毒、蜱传脑炎病毒及西尼罗病毒情况。结果　在哈密市伊州区、伊吾县、巴里坤县共捕获蚊虫1 496只,分属于3属3种。尖音库蚊为优势蚊种,占所捕获蚊虫总数的65.91%（986只）;其次为里海伊蚊,占30.55%（457只）;阿拉斯加脉毛蚊最少,仅占3.54%（53只）。所捕获尖音库蚊经雄蚊尾器鉴定为尖音库蚊指名亚种。经逆转录PCR法检测,所捕获蚊虫黄病毒属、甲病毒属、布尼亚病毒属、流行性乙型脑炎病毒、辽宁病毒、Tahyna病毒、蜱传脑炎及西尼罗病毒均为阴性。结论　2019—2020年哈密市存在尖音库蚊、里海伊蚊、阿拉斯加脉毛蚊3种蚊虫,以尖音库蚊为优势蚊种;所捕获尖音库蚊均为指名亚种,未发现蚊类携带相关虫媒病毒。