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1.
Pathophysiological aspects of brain edema 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Igor Klatzo 《Acta neuropathologica》1987,72(3):236-239
Summary Two mayor types of brain edema, related to two different pathomechanisms, can be recognized: 1)cytotoxic type-where the main feature is the swelling of cellular elements of brain parenchyma and 2)vasogenic type-where an increased vascular permeability leading to accumulation of edema fluid inthe extracellular spaces plays the principal role. In this type of edema, there is a close interrelationship between extravasation of serum proteins and retention of water in the brain tissue. In theischemic brain edema both cytotoxic and vasogenic mechanisms are involved. A biphasic opening of the blood-brain barrier, associated with vasogenic edema, is observed following release of major cerebral artery occlusion. The first opening of the barrier is related to a reactive hyperemia which follows promptly recirculation. The second opening, recognizable after a delay, is associated with a severe ischemic brain tissue injury.Dedicated to Prof. F. Seitelberger on the occasion of his seventieth birthday 相似文献
2.
The effect of the experimental antiepileptic drug zonisamide (1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide, ZNS) on the trigeminal complex of cats was compared with the effect of established antiepileptic drugs. Intravenous administration of 10-40 mg/kg ZNS significantly depresses descending excitatory mechanisms, as well as segmental and descending inhibitory mechanisms, but has only a minor effect on segmental excitatory mechanisms. This spectrum of activity is similar to that of valproate, and suggests that ZNS should also be a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug. In agreement with our experimental observations, it has been found that ZNS is effective against complex partial, generalized tonic clonic, and myoclonic seizures. The antiepileptic profile of ZNS in conventional screening tests resembles that of carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenytoin. However, CBZ exacerbates rather than prevents myoclonic seizures. Our experimental model thus provides a more accurate prediction of ZNS's clinical spectrum of activity. The relationship of these findings to the mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs is discussed. 相似文献
3.
Cellular and molecular effects of trimethyltin and triethyltin: Relevance to organotin neurotoxicity
Many of the neurotoxic aspects of organotin exposure have been described. Organotin exposure culminates in its accumulation in the CNS and PNS. The clinical picture is dominated by neurological disturbances; yet, the primary basis for their neurotoxicity is unknown. Trimethyltin (TMT) is primarily a CNS neurotoxin affecting neurons within the hippocampal pyramidal band and the fascia dentata. Triethyltin (TET) is a neurotoxin that produces a pathological picture dominated by brain and spinal cord edema. The first part of this review summarizes the current understanding of the interaction of TMT and TET with biologically active sites in the induction of neurotoxicity. In the second part, several hypotheses for the differential neurotoxic effects of these organotins and their shortcomings are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Summary The present communication endeavours to elucidate the mechanism of histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by selective histamine liberators.Of the different enzymatic processes involved in secretion the following are considered: ecto-ATPase activity in the mast cell, pro-esterase-esterase conversion during histamine secretion, cyclic AMP and microtubule association/dissociation, phospholipase A2 and the effect of phospholipid metabolites on secretion, N-methyl transferase and the methylation of phospholipids and the phosphorylation and desphosphorylation of proteins. 相似文献
5.
Jager F Taddei A Moody GB Emdin M Antolic G Dorn R Smrdel A Marchesi C Mark RG 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》2003,41(2):172-182
The long-term ST database is the result of a multinational research effort. The goal was to develop a challenging and realistic
research resource for development and evaluation of automated systems to detect transient ST segment changes in electrocardiograms
and for supporting basic research into the mechanisms and dynamics of transient myocardial ischaemia. Twenty-four hour ambulatory
ECG records were selected from routine clinical practice settings in the USA and Europe, between 1994 and 2000, on the basic
of occurrence of ischaemic and non-ischaemic ST segment changes. Human expert annotators used newly developed annotation protocols
and a specially developed interactive graphic editor tool (Semia) that supported paperless editing of annotations and facilitated international co-operation via the Internet. The database
contains 86 two- and three-channel 24h annotated ambulatory records from 80 patients and is stored on DVD-ROMs. The database
annotation files contain ST segment annotations of transient ischaemic (1155) and heart-rate related ST episodes and annotations
of non-ischaemic ST segment events related to postural changes and conduction abnormalities. The database is intended to complement
the European Society of Cardiology ST-T database and the MIT-BIH and AHA arrhythmia databases. It provides a comprehensive
representation of ‘real-world’ data, with numerous examples of transient ischaemic and non-ischaemic ST segment changes, arrhythmias,
conduction abnormalities, axis shifts, noise and artifacts. 相似文献
6.
Immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with intravenous immunoglobulin 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ephrem A Misra N Hassan G Dasgupta S Delignat S Duong Van Huyen JP Chamat S Prost F Lacroix-Desmazes S Kavery SV Kazatchkine MD 《Clinical and experimental medicine》2005,5(4):135-140
Abstract Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been used in the treatment of primary and secondary antibody deficiencies for over two
decades. Since the early 1980s, the therapeutic efficacy of IVIg has been established in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,
Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, dermatomyositis and Kawasaki
syndrome, and the prevention of graft versus host disease in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants. Its use has
also been reported in a large number of other autoimmune and systemic inflammatory conditions. In this review, we discuss
the mechanisms by which IVIg exerts immunomodulatory effects in immune pathologies. 相似文献
7.
《Health & place》2021
Twenty miles per hour (mph) speed limits can impact the health of the public (e.g., road safety, active travel). However, a better understanding of how individuals experience 20mph limits is required, to ensure interventions are cognisant of perceptions and potential un/intended outcomes. Focus groups (n = 9, 60 participants) to explore the Belfast 20mph intervention highlighted divergent perspectives and experiences including: 12 mechanisms (e.g., limited awareness), 15 pathways (e.g., reduced driving speed→improved liveability) and 10 public health outcomes (e.g., increased cyclist safety). Future interventions should consider un/intended outcomes and implement strategies to enhance effectiveness and mitigate harms (e.g., through training, enforcement). 相似文献
8.
9.
目的观察比较前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术治疗前后变应性鼻炎患者血清IgE、IgG、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)水平的变化,探讨该疗法治疗变应性鼻炎的机制。方法20例变应性鼻炎患者,经鼻内镜行前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术;术前、术后1、2、4周分别检测患者血清总IgE(tIgE)、IgG、ECP水平,并以20例健康者作为对照组。结果与健康对照组相比较,手术治疗前变应性鼻炎患者的tIgE和ECP水平均明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。与患者本身术前水平相比较,手术治疗后1、2周时,其tIgE、IgG和ECP水平变化差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05);至手术治疗后4周时,其tIgE和ECP水平均低于术前,IgG又高于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。直线相关分析显示,tIgE与ECP水平存在高度正相关(r=0.943,P=0.001)。结论前组筛窦开放术联合下鼻甲激光消融术治疗变应性鼻炎的机制,可能是破坏筛前神经和部分副交感神经末梢,阻断神经反射,减少神经肽的释放,进而调节血清IgE、IgG、ECP的水平而发挥治疗作用。 相似文献
10.
François Senejoux Céline Demougeot Magdalena Cuciureanu Anca Miron Rodica Cuciureanu Alain Berthelot Corine Girard-Thernier 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》2013