Management of blood pressure disorders in individuals with spinal cord injury

Blood pressure regulation is impacted by a spinal cord injury (SCI) due to impaired descending sympathetic vascular control. Common blood pressure problems in the SCI population include persistently low blood pressure with bouts of orthostatic hypotension and autonomic dysreflexia, which are more prevalent in individuals with lesions above the sixth thoracic vertebral level; however, they may occur regardless of the neurological level of injury. Although blood pressure disorders adversely impact daily function and quality of life, most individuals with SCI do not acknowledge this association. Few pharmacological options have been rigorously tested for safety and efficacy to manage blood pressure disorders in the SCI population. Furthermore, clinical management of any one blood pressure disorder may adversely impact others, as such treatment is complicated and not often prioritized.     

Hemodynamic support of the micropreemie: Should hydrocortisone never be left out?

Hemodynamic support for a micropreemie is critically important for preventing mortality and morbidity. An essential consideration in hemodynamic support is insufficient transition from fetal to neonatal circulation and inadequate cortisol production. The first 72 h of life are the most critical, especially when myocardial function is immature and impaired. Therefore, there is a need to determine and adjust preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload appropriately using repeated functional echocardiography. In addition, if myocardial function is not responsive to these attempts at hemodynamic management, hydrocortisone must be used to minimize the suboptimal perfusion burden. Fetal cortisol production is supported by a supply of progesterone from the placenta, and postnatally, adrenal cortisol production in the extremely preterm infant may be inadequate if the infant is placed under excessive stress. This leads to relative adrenal insufficiency which may last for up to several weeks after birth and lead to late-onset circulatory collapse, necessitating treatment with physiological doses of hydrocortisone.     

不同麻醉方法对超高龄髋部骨折手术患者围术期血压的影响

目的探讨不同麻醉方法对超高龄髋部骨折患者围术期血流动力学的影响。方法选择2017年5月～2019年2月在我院行髋部骨折手术的患者92例,年龄≥90岁,随机分为全身麻醉(general anesthesia,GA)组和硬膜外麻醉(epidural anesthesia,EA)组,每组46例。GA组患者行全身麻醉,EA组患者行硬膜外麻醉。记录术前静息血压(T0)、麻醉诱导或硬膜外起效后血压(T1)、切皮时血压(T2)和术后当天(Day 0)、术后第1天(Day 1)、术后第2天(Day 2)的血压及术中低血压次数。用查尔森合并症指数(Charlson Comorbidity Index,CCI)比较有和无分层情况下两组各时间点的平均动脉血压(MAP)及术中低血压次数。结果 T1、T2时间点GA组MAP低于EA组(P0.05),其余时间点MAP无统计学差异。EA组患者低血压次数少于GA组(P0.05)。亚组分析中,CCI≥3时,Day 0时间点EA组MAP低于GA组(P0.05),其余时间点MAP无统计学差异(P0.05)。CCI≥3时,两组低血压次数无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论超高龄髋部骨折手术患者硬膜外麻醉较全身麻醉在血流动力学上更稳定。但在有多个合并症的患者中,两者差异并不明显,且硬膜外麻醉术后当天容易发生低血压。     

Management of Neonatal Hypotension and Shock

The current standard approach to manage circulatory insufficiency is inappropriately simple and clear: respond to low blood pressure to achieve higher values. However, the evidence for this is limited affecting all steps within the process: assessment, decision making, therapeutic options, and treatment effects. We have to overcome the ‘one size fits all’ approach and respect the dynamic physiologic transition from fetal to neonatal life in the context of complex underlying conditions. Caregivers need to individualize their approaches to individual circumstances. This paper will review various clinical scenarios, including managing transitional low blood pressure, to circulatory impairment involving different pathologies such as hypoxia-ischemia and sepsis. We will highlight the current evidence and set potential goals for future development in these areas. We hope to encourage caregivers to question the current standards and to support urgently needed research in this overlooked but crucial field of neonatal intensive care.     

维持性血液透析患者透析中低血压风险预测模型的构建

目的 分析维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者发生透析中低血压（intradialytic hypotension,IDH）的影响因素,构建MHD患者发生IDH的风险预测模型。 方法 选取福建省5所三级甲等医院行MHD的患者475例。通过Lasso回归筛选预测因子,采用多因素Logistic回归分析建立MHD患者发生IDH的风险预测模型,并使用列线图展示模型。采用ROC曲线、校准曲线评价模型的区分度及校准度,使用Bootstrap法对模型进行内部验证。结果 身高、原发病类型、超滤量、透析前收缩压及近期（≤1个月）频发IDH是MHD患者发生IDH的影响因素。列线图模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.830,灵敏度为71.8%,特异度为79.9%,约登指数为0.517,内部验证C-统计量为0.814。结论 该研究构建的模型预测效果较好,可为临床护理人员识别MHD患者发生IDH及实施预防性护理提供借鉴。     

基于网络药理学的炙甘草汤治疗原发性低血压机制研究

目的运用网络药理学的研究方法,分析炙甘草汤治疗原发性低血压的作用靶点和潜在机制。方法使用TCMSP,TCMID,BAT-MAN等数据库获取炙甘草汤的化学成分和对应的靶点,在OMIM,Genecards疾病数据库以hypotension为关键词检索低血压的疾病靶点,在string网站对炙甘草汤和低血压的靶点分别进行蛋白相互作用网络构建,取交集后得到炙甘草汤治疗低血压的网络,筛选出发挥作用的关键成分和关键靶点,对关键靶点进行GO和KEGG分析得到炙甘草汤治疗低血压的潜在作用机制。结果预测得到炙甘草汤治疗低血压的有效成分180个,靶点909个。关键成分为山奈酚,木犀草素,槲皮素等11个,关键靶点有INS,AKT1,MAPK3,IL-6,FOS,CASP3,TNF,MAPK8等20个。GO和KEGG分析结果显示,炙甘草汤治疗原发性低血压与HIF-1信号通路,TNF信号通路,IL-17信号通路,Toll样受体信号通路,Fox O信号通路,流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化,内分泌抵抗等通路相关。结论调节炎症反应、干预血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞,调节能量代谢可能是炙甘草汤治疗低血压的关键机制,为进一步揭示和阐明炙甘草汤治疗低血压的机制提出方向。     

Exercise hemodynamics in Parkinson's disease and autonomic dysfunction

AimTo clarify the characteristics of hemodynamic responses to exercise and orthostasis in Parkinson's disease patients, especially those with autonomic failure.MethodsClinical audit of supine cycling exercise test data (with active standing tests pre- and post-exercise) of Parkinson's patients with autonomic dysfunction. 23 patients (71 ± 7 yr, 7 females) with a confirmed diagnosis of Parkinson's were identified.ResultsGroup mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) fell during pre-exercise standing (−39 ± 29 mmHg, P < 0.001, 17 patients had orthostatic hypotension (OH)), while heart rate (HR) increased (+13 ± 7 beats min⁻¹, P < 0.001). SBP (P < 0.001) increased during exercise with a wide variation in responses. SBP increased in 13 patients (INC; +30 ± 14 mmHg) and either did not change or decreased in 10 patients (DEC −12 ± 11 mmHg, P < 0.001 vs INC). The increase in HR was not different between sub-groups (30 ± 12 vs 25 ± 10 beats min⁻¹, INC vs. DEC, P = 0.29). The size of the pre-exercise stand SBP reduction was greater in DEC vs INC (−64 ± 23 (10 out of 10 had OH) vs −19 ± 16 mmHg (7 out of 13 had OH), respectively, P < 0.001). The HR elevation was not different between sub-groups (13 ± 8 vs 13 ± 4 beats min⁻¹, DEC vs INC, P = 0.94). Post-exercise SBP/DBP were lower for both sub-groups compared to pre-exercise and the standing SBP reduction post-exercise was not greater relative to pre-exercise in either sub-group.ConclusionExercise-induced hypotension can occur in Parkinson's disease patients with autonomic failure with the magnitude of the exercise response being related to the severity of autonomic dysfunction. Exercise does not appear to worsen OH in this sample of Parkinson's patients.     

系统性毛细血管渗漏综合征的临床研究进展

系统性毛细血管渗漏综合征为一组反复发作的低容量性低血压、血液浓缩、非蛋白尿性低蛋白血症 ,全身水肿、多数情况下伴有异型球蛋白血症的临床综合征。其原因由于毛细血管通透性增加 ,目前具体发病机理尚不明确。近年发现特布他林和茶碱对预防发作有效。临床医生应对该病提高警惕性。