老年退行性心脏瓣膜病相关因素分析

目的:探讨老年人(≥60岁)退行性心脏瓣膜病患病的可能相关因素及危险因素。方法:钙化组67例,对照组73例,分析性别、年龄、高血压、冠心病、高脂血症、骨质疏松、糖尿病与老年退行性心脏瓣膜病的相关性,进一步分析其相关的危险因素。结果:年龄、高血压、高脂血症、骨质疏松在两组间分布差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),冠心病在两组间分布差异有显著性(P<0.05)。老年退行性心脏瓣膜病的危险因素是年龄、骨质疏松和高血压。结论:老年退行性心脏瓣膜病是一种随年龄改变的心脏病,年龄可能是其发病的显著危险因素;骨质疏松、高血压等因素可能是其发病的危险因素;冠心病、高脂血症等因素可能与其发病有关。     

A new functional imaging technique for the early functional evaluation of antiangiogenic treatment: dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US)

Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) using a second-generation contrast agent and perfusion software is a new technique enabling a quantitative assessment of solid tumor perfusion using raw linear data. Clinical trials have shown that it can be used to assess the anticancer efficacy of antiangiogenesis treatment, for which conventional, size-based efficacy criteria are unsuitable. Reduction in tumor vascularization can easily be detected in responders after 1 or 2 weeks and is correlated with progression-free survival and overall survival. DCE-US is supported by the French National Cancer Institute (INCa), which is currently studying the technique in metastatic breast cancer, melanoma, colon cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and renal cell carcinoma, as well as in primary hepatocellular carcinoma, to establish the optimal perfusion parameters and timing for quantitative anticancer efficacy assessments.     

Central venous catheter related thrombosis in haematology patients and prediction of risk by screening with Doppler-ultrasound

Patients with a central venous catheter (CVC) who receive intensive chemotherapy or a stem cell transplantation for haematological disease are at risk for developing CVC-related thrombosis. To study the incidence of thrombosis, 105 consecutive patients underwent serial Doppler-ultrasound and we evaluated whether clinically manifest thrombosis could be predicted by screening with Doppler-ultrasound. Patients with subclavian or jugular inserted CVCs were clinically assessed each day for signs and symptoms of thrombosis. Additional Doppler-ultrasound screens were performed weekly by an independent physician in all patients until CVC removal. Doppler-ultrasound recordings were assessed by two blinded observers. In cases of clinically suspected thrombosis, the attending physicians followed routine diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The overall cumulative incidence of CVC-related thrombosis was 28.6% (30 of 105 patients). Of the 30 patients with thrombosis, 26 had subclinical thrombosis by Doppler-ultrasound, nine of whom developed clinically manifest thrombosis later. Four patients had clinically manifest thrombosis without prior abnormal Doppler-ultrasound. In cases of subclinical thrombosis the risk of developing symptomatic disease increased sevenfold (34.6% vs. 5.1%). Doppler-ultrasound screening may be useful to identify those patients that are at high and low risk for clinically manifest CVC-related thrombosis.     

北京地区部分军队老年人群中颈动脉粥样硬化的现况调查

目的探讨北京地区部分军队老年人群中颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)的患病率及可能的危险因素。方法从北京地区21个部队干休所60岁以上8202名老年人中随机分层抽样820人,填写调查表,进行颈动脉超声多普勒检查,并对13项与CAS患病有关的因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果CAS的现患率为44.0%,60～69岁、70～79岁、80岁以上分别为30.4%、51.8%、65.2% (P<0.05),CAS主要危险因素为年龄、性别、吸烟、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病。结论北京地区部队老年人CAS的现患率随年龄增高,年龄、性别、吸烟、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病是CAS的危险因素。     

Emergency laparoscopy

Background: Laparoscopic diagnosis of intestinal ischemia is difficult. Dark-colored bowels are not a reliable indicator for infarction, because there is no correlation between color and oxygenation. The same picture is produced by intraluminal blood or feces. False diagnoses are described. Methods: We analyzed various techniques for assessing intestinal oxygenation and perfusion to support laparoscopic diagnosis.In this study laparoscopy was performed on eight pigs. A 10-cm segment of intestine was fixed to the abdominal wall and rendered ischemic. Measurements of the ischemic segment and normal intestine were taken using laser-Doppler, Doppler ultrasound, spectrophotometer, and pulse oximeter. Doppler ultrasound and pulse oximetry were unsuitable in our model, as was laser-Doppler flowmetry. Results: Only the spectrophotometer proved a highly sensitive means of assessing bowel oxygenation. Conclusions: This method provides the desired additional information about intestinal oxygenation, thus helping to interpret the laparoscopic picture of dark bowels.