Using psychometric ability to improve education in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia: a multicentre randomised controlled trial

The learning curve for novices developing regional anaesthesia skills, such as real-time ultrasound-guided needle manipulation, may be affected by innate visuospatial ability, as this influences spatial cognition and motor co-ordination. We conducted a multinational randomised controlled trial to test if novices with low visuospatial ability would perform better at an ultrasound-guided needling task with deliberate practice training than with discovery learning. Visuospatial ability was evaluated using the mental rotations test-A. We recruited 140 medical students and randomly allocated them into low-ability control (discovery learning), low-ability intervention (received deliberate practice), high-ability control, and high-ability intervention groups. Primary outcome was the time taken to complete the needling task, and there was no significant difference between groups: median (IQR [range]) low-ability control 125 s (69–237 [43–600 s]); low-ability intervention 163 s (116–276 [44–600 s]); high-ability control 130 s (80–210 [41–384 s]); and high-ability intervention 177 s (113–285 [43–547 s]), p = 0.06. No difference was found using the global rating scale: mean (95%CI) low-ability control 53% (95%CI 46–60%); low-ability intervention 61% (95%CI 53–68%); high-ability control 63% (95%CI 56–70%); and high-ability intervention 66% (95%CI 60–72%), p = 0.05. For overall procedure pass/fail, the low-ability control group pass rate of 42% (14/33) was significantly less than the other three groups: low-ability intervention 69% (25/36); high-ability control 68% (25/37); and high-ability intervention 85% (29/34) p = 0.003. Further research is required to determine the role of visuospatial ability screening in training for ultrasound-guided needle skills.     

Selective transperineal prostate biopsy for fluoroquinolone-resistance patients reduces sepsis and cost

Background:Urosepsis is a recognized complication of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx). Pre-biopsy rectal swabs have been used to identify patients with microorganisms in the rectal flora resistant to the conventionally used empirical prophylaxis. The transperineal route of biopsy (TP-Bx) has a lower complication risk but comes at an increased cost.Materials and methods:Retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing prostate biopsies between October/2015 and April/2018. The intervention cohort, a rectal swab was performed, the result of which dictated the biopsy route; TRUS-Bx against TP-Bx. TP-Bx for patients with fluoroquinolone resistance or extended-spectrum β-lactamase. The control cohort underwent TRUS without a rectal swab receiving empirical antibiotics—oral ciprofloxacin and intravenous gentamicin.Results:Total 1000 patients were included in which 500 underwent a swab, 14 (2.8%) developed post-TRUS biopsy infective complications with 3 having positive bacteremia (0.6%); 500 had no swab, 47 (9.4%) developed post-TRUS biopsy infective complications with 22 (4.4%, p < 0.05) having positive bacteremia. Three patients (0.6%) of patients who underwent swab developed urinary tract infection symptoms whilst 12 (2.4%) had urinary tract infection in the control group. In those patients that underwent a swab, 14 required hospitalization with mean length of stay of 2.5 days versus 43 patients of the control with 3.6 days. Cost analysis concluded savings of this strategy was £18,711.Conclusions:We have demonstrated a protocol that reserves template biopsies for higher risk patients and can significantly reduce sepsis and other infectious complication rates whilst also proving to be a cost-efficient strategy. We recommend that units not utilizing rectal swabs to uncover the fluoroquinolone resistance rate by introducing them. We advocate units that already utilize rectal swabs, to introduce transperineal biopsy for their higher risk patients.     

Ultrasound-guided local injection of methotrexate to treat an invasive hydatidiform mole

A 28-year-old Japanese woman had an invasive hydatidiform mole which was diagnosed by means of transvaginal ultrasonography. After the two initial courses of systemic methotrexate (MTX) therapy given over a period of weeks, the tumor was 14 mm in diameter and the surrounding blood supply remained rich. In addition to the two initial courses of systemic MTX therapy, local ultrasound-guided injection of MTX therapy was given three times, once per week. After the local MTX treatment, the betahCG level, which had been as high as 240 ng/mL, dropped to less than 0.1 ng/mL. We then gave two additional courses of systemic MTX therapy (once per week). More than 3 years have passed since the final systemic MTX therapy, and the patient's serum betahCG levels continue to be less than 0.1 ng/mL. An invasive mole can be treated with an ultrasound-guided local injection of MTX in addition to the established systemic MTX treatment.     

快速现场评价在经气管镜超声引导针吸活检诊断纵隔病灶中的应用

目的 探讨快速现场评价(ROSE)在经气管镜超声引导针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)诊断纵隔肿物中的价值.方法 回顾性分析该院211例通过胸部CT显示纵隔/肺门病灶(包括肿大的淋巴结/肿块)的患者的临床资料,在有或无快速现场细胞学评价(C-ROSE)下行EBUS-TBNA检查.结果 C-ROSE组和未行C-ROSE组的敏...     

B超引导下持续循环胸腔热灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的可行性及临床疗效初探

目的评价B超引导下持续循环胸腔热灌注（continuous circularory intrapleural perfusion hyperthermia,CCIPH）治疗各种恶性肿瘤引起的恶性胸腔积液的可行性、临床疗效及毒副反应。方法选取13例恶性肿瘤合并胸膜转移、胸腔积液患者,经胸片或胸部CT明确存在中一大量胸腔积液,且胸腔积液经细胞学检查明确可查见癌细胞。本组13例患者均在B超引导定位下行胸腔穿刺置管术,分别留置灌注管和排液管,所有操作均在局麻下进行。灌注液为蒸馏水,总量约2500～3500ml,灌注速度300～400ml／min,灌注时间60min,治疗温度（48±0．2）℃,每例灌注2～3次,两次治疗之间时间间隔为48h。结果所有13例患者均顺利进行B超引导下CCIPH,人体温度为（48．00±0．20）℃,出体温度为（44．98±0．22）℃。患者均耐受良好。9例患者胸腔积液完全缓解,4例部分缓解。CCIPH后1个月左右复查胸部CT,发现肺部原发灶缩小者6例,基本不变者7例。患者KPS评分上升均在10分以上,肿瘤标志物不同程度下降,无严重副作用。结论B超引导下CCIPH治疗恶性胸腔积液安全性高,患者耐受良好,方法简便易行,近期疗效满意。     

三种神经阻滞麻醉用于胸腔镜肺癌根治术镇痛效果比较

目的:比较超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞（erector spine plane block,ESPB）、前锯肌平面阻滞（serratus anterior plane block,SAPB）和胸椎旁神经阻滞（thoracic paravertebral nerve block,TPVB）用于胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者围术期镇痛效果。方法:择期行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的患者105例,美国麻醉医师协会（American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA）分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,年龄25~78岁,体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）18~24 kg/m2。所有患者随机分为三组:ESPB组（E组）、SAPB组（S组）和TPVB组（T组）,每组35例。麻醉诱导前,在超声引导下E组行患侧ESPB,S组行患侧SAPB,T组行患侧TPVB,均注入0.375%罗哌卡因30 mL。术毕三组患者均给予静脉自控镇痛（patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA）,曲马多补救镇痛,维持静息时视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）≤3分或咳嗽时VAS≤5分。比较三组患者术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和芬太尼的消耗量,48 h PCIA芬太尼消耗量,PCIA有效按压次数,补救镇痛率;记录三组患者术中血管活性药物的使用量及术后低血压、心动过缓的发生情况;比较三组患者不同时点的VAS静息和VAS咳嗽;比较三组患者围术期肺功能的变化。结果:三组患者术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和芬太尼的消耗量无明显差异。与T组比较,E组和S组患者术后48 h PCIA芬太尼消耗量、PCIA有效按压次数和术后补救镇痛率及术中血管活性药物的使用量明显减少,同时术后低血压和心动过缓的发生率明显下降（P＜0.05）。术后12 h,E组和S组患者的VAS静息和VAS咳嗽明显低于T组（P＜0.05）,而E组和S组比较差异无统计学意义。三组患者术后动脉氧分压（PaO2）均呈下降趋势,动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）呈上升趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞、前锯肌平面阻滞和胸椎旁神经阻滞均能为胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者提供良好的镇痛效果,但竖脊肌平面阻滞和前锯肌平面阻滞较胸椎旁神经阻滞的术后镇痛效果更持久,围术期血流动力学更稳定,而前两者之间的效果相似。     

超声引导股动脉穿刺置管在血管内介入方法制备恒河猴急性脑梗死模型中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导股动脉穿刺置管在血管内介入方法制备恒河猴急性脑梗死模型中的应用效果。 方法 选择拟行大脑中动脉M2段栓塞建模的健康成年恒河猴16只,雄性,采用数字表法随机分为2组(n=8):对照组(C组)、超声引导组(U组)。所有恒河猴采用0.1 mL/kg氯胺酮及速眠新的混合液肌内注射进行基础麻醉,待动物入睡后行气管内插管,接呼吸机行机械通气,麻醉维持采用持续输注丙泊酚(5~8 mg·kg^-1·h^-1)。C组采用传统指尖触摸法进行股动脉穿刺置管,U组采用超声引导平面内-平面外联合法进行股动脉穿刺置管。比较两组1次、2次穿刺置管成功率、总成功率、穿刺置管次数、穿刺置管花费时间及并发症发生率。结果 C组与U组1次穿刺置管成功率分别为25.0%和62.5%,2次穿刺置管成功率分别为50.0%和87.5%、总成功率分别为75.0%和100%。C组与U组穿刺置管次数分别为(3.0±1.6)次和(1.5±0.8)次,穿刺置管花费时间分别为(15.8±6.1) min和(5.4±2.9)min。与C组比较,U组穿刺置管次数少,穿刺置管花费时间较短,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与C组比较,U组1次、2次穿刺置管成功率及总成功率均较高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组股动脉穿刺置管并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在血管内介入方法制备恒河猴急性脑梗死模型中,采用平面内-平面外联合技术进行超声引导股动脉穿刺,可提高首次穿刺置管成功率及总成功率,减少穿刺置管次数,缩短穿刺置管花费时间。     

三维可视化辅助经皮微波消融治疗复发性肝癌价值分析

目的 评价三维可视化辅助经皮微波消融治疗复发性肝癌的临床效果。方法 选择2017-12-01至2019-06-01中国人民解放军总医院介入超声科连续收治的经皮微波消融的84例复发性肝癌病人,根据是否进行三维可视化评估分为三维重建组（30例,49个病灶）和常规组（54例,111个病灶）。比较两组病人治疗相关指标及预后情况。用三维可视化软件计算术前全肝体积、肿瘤体积、预计消融体积、术后全肝体积、消融体积,并对比术前规划消融体积与术后实际消融体积。结果 所有病人均完成经皮微波消融治疗,肿瘤最大径为（4.3±1.0）cm。随访时间为10（2~19）个月。三维重建组和常规组严重并发症发生率（6.7% vs. 9.3%）、总存活率（100% vs. 94.4%）、肝内复发率（8.2% vs. 12.6%）及局部复发率（6.1% vs. 10.8%）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。三维重建组病人术前规划体积和消融体积差异无统计学意义（P=0.616）,消融后剩余肝体积与标准肝体积的比值为98.0%±25.6%。两组病人微波消融前后的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总胆红素、胆碱酯酶差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 三维可视化辅助经皮微波消融在复发性肝癌的精准治疗中有重要的价值。     

超声引导下穿刺联合亮丙瑞林治疗中重度卵巢型子宫内膜异位症患者术后妊娠结局的影响因素分析

目的 研究超声引导下穿刺联合亮丙瑞林促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist,GnRHa）治疗中重度卵巢型子宫内膜异位症患者术后妊娠结局的影响因素。方法 选取我院收治的重度卵巢型子宫内膜异位患者120例为研究对象。所有患者均进行超声引导下穿刺术,亮丙瑞林组62例术后加用亮丙瑞林进行治疗。对患者进行随访,记录患者的妊娠率。对患者妊娠成功与妊娠失败患者的年龄、不孕年限、囊肿直径、囊肿单/多发性、生育指数（fertility index,EFI）和术前CA125、血清抗苗勒管激素（serum antimüllerian hormone,AMH）水平、双侧/单侧卵巢受累等指标进行记录。结果 随访结束,所有患者均到访,随访率100%。亮丙瑞林组妊娠率高于非亮丙瑞林组（P<0.05）。亮丙瑞林组的复发率低于非亮丙瑞林组（P<0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析显示,术后GnRHa的使用、术前AMH水平、双侧卵巢受累及存在多个囊腔是影响患者妊娠成功的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 超声引导下穿刺联合亮丙瑞林治疗...     

超声引导下持续收肌管阻滞镇痛在膝关节僵直手法松解术后早期康复治疗中的应用

目的评价超声引导下持续收肌管置阻滞镇痛在膝关节僵直手法松解术后早期康复治疗中的应用效果。方法选择全膝关节置换术（TKA）术后关节僵直的患者36例,年龄45～75岁,体质指数18～25 kg/m2,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级。所有患者均在静脉麻醉下由同一外科医生行手法松解术,而后在超声引导下行神经置管持续阻滞镇痛,置管成功后连接电子自控性输注泵行术后镇痛。根据神经阻滞镇痛方式不同,分为两组：持续收肌管阻滞镇痛组（A组）及持续股神经阻滞镇痛组（F组）,每组18例。记录两组术后72 h内不同的观察点持续主动及被动运动功能锻炼时VAS评分、补救镇痛药物使用次数、术后12、24、36、48、72 h的膝关节活动度（range of motion,ROM）、住院时间及患者满意度等。观察镇痛期间恶心、呕吐、导管阻塞、渗液、脱管等并发症的发生情况。结果两组术后72 h镇痛期间不同时间点VAS评分、镇痛药物使用总次数及膝关节活动度比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;A组股四头肌力测试评分高于F组（P＜0.05）,住院时间短于F组（P＜0.05）,患者满意度高于F组（P＜0.05）,阻塞、渗液等置管并发症发生率低于F组（P＜0.05）。结论膝关节僵直手法松解术后超声引导下持续收肌管阻滞镇痛与持续股神经阻滞镇痛均可获得较好的镇痛效果,但持续收肌管阻滞镇痛可有效保持股四头肌肌力,有利于早期主动功能锻炼,同时,置管的并发症发生率低,患者的满意度较高,为膝关节僵直手法松解术后康复治疗理想镇痛选择方式之一。