Is there an impact of cervical plating on the development of adjacent segment degeneration following Smith-Robinson procedure? A magnetic resonance imaging study of 84 patients with a 24-year follow-up

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) without and with cervical plating (ACDF+CP) are accepted surgical techniques for the treatment of degenerative cervical disc disorders. The effect of CP on the development of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) remains unclear.

Challenges in the management of floating knee injuries: Results of treatment and outcomes of 224 consecutive cases in 10 years

Introduction

Floating knee is a flail knee joint resulting from fractures of the shafts or adjacent metaphyses of the femur and the ipsilateral tibia. It is usually associated with several complications and mortality. This study was designed to present our experience with the treatment of this injury.

Early post-operative outcomes of plate versus nail fixation for humeral shaft fractures

IntroductionThis study was designed to measure early postoperative outcomes of plate vs. nail fixation for humeral shaft fractures.Patients and methodsPatients ≥18 years who underwent plate or nail fixation for low-energy humeral shaft fractures between 2005–2016 were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). Multivariable regression was used to compare postoperative outcomes using propensity score adjustment to account for differences between fixation groups. Variables included in the propensity score were age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, hypertension, steroid use, cancer, functional status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and sex.ResultsPlate fixation was used in 1418 patients (70.6%), while nail fixation was used in 591 (29.4%). Patients undergoing nail fixation were more likely to be older, have a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, and have comorbidities. Mean operative time was statistically longer in the plate fixation group (130 +/−62 min vs. 102 +/−54 min). After propensity score adjustment, type of fixation was not a significant predictor of major or minor complications, length of stay, or readmission. However, nail fixation was a significant predictor of mortality following propensity score adjustment (OR 3.15, 95% Confidence interval 1.26–7.85).ConclusionPatients undergoing intramedullary nail fixation tended to be older patients with more comorbidities, suggesting that surgeons are selecting nail fixation in patients who may not be ideal surgical candidates. Although LOS, complications, and readmission rates were higher in the nail group, this difference was not statistically significant following propensity score adjustment. However, nail fixation remained an independent predictor of 30-day mortality following adjustment. This suggests that nail fixation may not be a safer surgical option in patients with multiple medical co-morbidities and low-energy humeral shaft fractures.     

Functional outcomes and complications after treatment of distal radius fracture in patients sixty years and over: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

AimThis network meta-analysis aims to compare functional outcomes and complications between conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of conservative treatment and surgery for distal radius fractures in patients aged 60 years and over. Primary outcomes included grip strength and overall complications. Secondary outcomes included Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores, wrist range of motion and forearm rotation, and radiographic assessment. All continuous outcomes were assessed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and binary outcomes were assessed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to determine a hierarchy of treatments. Cluster analysis was performed for grouping treatments based on the SUCRA values of primary outcomes.ResultsFourteen RCTs were included to compare conservative treatment, volar lockedplate (VLP), K-wires fixation, and external-fixation. VLP outperformed conservative treatment for 1-year and minimum 2-year grip strength (SMD; 0.28 [0.07 to 0.48] and 0.27 [0.02 to 0.53], respectively). VLP yielded the optimal grip strength at 1-year and minimum 2-year follow-up (SUCRA; 89.8% and 86.7%, respectively). In a subgroup analysis of patients aged 60 to 80 years old, VLP outperformed conservative treatment in DASH and PRWE scores (SMD, 0.33 [0.10, 0.56] and 0.23 [0.01, 0.45], respectively). In addition, VLP had the fewest complications (SUCRA = 84.3%). Cluster analysis suggested that VLP and K-wire fixation were more effective treatment groups.ConclusionEvidence to date demonstrates that VLP provides measurable benefits in grip strength and fewer complications to those 60 years of age and over, and that benefit is not reflected in current practice guidelines. There is a subgroup of patients where K-wire fixation outcomes are similar to those of VLP; defining this subgroup may yield substantial societal benefits.     

钛重建板修复下颌骨缺损的临床应用

目的：研究钛重建板在修复下颌骨缺损，维持下颌骨连续性和面部形态的临床意义。方法：收集我科自1999～2004年口腔颌面部肿瘤患者，在行根治合并下颌骨部分切除术后，用钛重建板即刻修复，对饮食功能、面部形态恢复及并发症的发生进行回访评价。结果：回访中，对于功能和外形．有21例病人成功维持了下颌骨的连续性，并有20例病人能饮食一般性食物．患者的开口度和开口型基本正常：对于并发症．有2例发生金属外露和1例发生钛重建板折断，均发生在手术半年以后：结论：钛重建板即刻修复下颌骨缺损，在功能和外形方面，大多可以获得良好效果，是一种切实可行的选择性方法。     

采用微创技术治疗Neer 2、3部分肱骨近端骨折的疗效观察

目的评价采用Philos钢板与Multiloc髓内钉微创治疗肱骨近端Neer2、3部分肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析从2014年2月至2016年6月成都第一骨科医院骨科和四川省骨科医院骨科采用Philos钢板与Multiloc髓内钉治疗肱骨近端2、3部分肱骨近端骨折患者,并获得完整随访共47例。Philos钢板组24例,其中男9例(37.5%),女15例(62.5%);Multiloc髓内钉组23例,其中男9例(39.1%),女14例(60.9%)。随访时间为1、3、6、9、12个月及>12个月,拍摄正、侧位肩关节X线片。比较两组性别、年龄、手术时间、视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、美国肩肘外科医师评分(ASES)、Constant-Murley评分、骨折愈合时间、肩关节活动范围。结果随访1年共获得47例完整病例纳入研究。钢板组无骨折延迟愈合及不愈合,骨折愈合时间1.5~3.0(2.4±0.6)个月;髓内钉组无骨折延迟愈合及不愈合,骨折愈合时间为1.5~3.0(2.3±0.5)个月。本研究中47例患者术后5例出现轻微疼痛,其中钢板组3例,髓内钉组2例,均口服塞来昔布后疼痛缓解。随访结果显示,钢板组手术时间为(122.3±32.7)min,髓内钉组为(154.9±35.8)min,两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。在2部分骨折中,髓内钉外展角度(158.0°±14.1°)比钢板组外展角度(129.6°±30.2°)高,显示2部分骨折髓内钉治疗有优势。3部分骨折中, Philos钢板组手术时间为(130.4±35.3)min,Multiloc髓内钉组为(161.5±29.2)min,(P=0.024)。未出现骨折不愈合,切口感染及延迟愈合、肩袖损伤及腋神经损伤等并发症。结论在肱骨近端骨折的治疗中,采用Philos锁定钢板与Multiloc髓内钉,并结合微创理念与技术,两者均能取得良好的疗效。对于2部分肱骨近端骨折,采用髓内钉治疗比采用钢板治疗有明显的优势。成熟的手术技术是手术成功的根本保证,对于复杂的肱骨近端骨折需要有经验的医生去处理,方能获得良好的效果。     

Posterolateral plate fixation with Pantalarlock® is more stable than nail fixation in tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis in a biomechanical cadaver study

BackgroundDespite the promising results of ankle joint arthroplasty, the tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis remains an established procedure in treatment of combined pathology of the ankle and subtalar joint. Despite the promising results in biomechanical investigations, nonunion rates of up to 24% are described in recent studies. The objective of this work was a comparative study of the biomechanical properties of the posterolateral plate fixation with retrograde intramedullary nail fixation.MethodsTwenty four fresh-frozen human lower leg specimens (12 pairs) were used for the comparative biomechanical testing. Every specimen was preconditioned with 100 N over 200 cycles. After every 250 cycles the force was increased by 50 N from 200 to 600 N. This was followed by cyclic loading in dorsi-/plantiflexion with 800 N for 3000 cycles. All specimens were subjected to bone densitometry (DXA) and computed tomography.ResultsSignificantly higher number of spacimens with nails (4) failed during the cycling testing in dorsi-/plantarflexion and futher two during the cyclic testing with 800 N. Two specimens with plates failed during the cyclic testing with 800 N. Statistical analysis showed that the specimens with the plate were significantly more stable in each test direction. The Pearson correlation demonstrated for the specimens with plate a linear relationship between the stiffness and the determined bone density.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate a significantly superior stiffness of the Pantalarlock®-plate in all testing directions compared with the HAN nail. Probably the position of the plate on the tension side of the joint and the combination of locking and lag screws provide the higher stiffness of the plate system. The correlation of the stiffness with bone density leads to more predictable results of the plate arthrodesis. We hope for a reduction of the pseudarthrosis rate and shorten the postoperative treatment phase. The authors expect advantages in the treatment of high risk patients with severe deformity of the ankle, bone defects, neuropathic deformity, poor bone quality and osteoporosis.     

水平带状钢板治疗胫骨平台后外侧象限骨折的生物力学研究

目的　比较胫骨平台后外侧象限骨折不同内固定方式的力学稳定性效果。 方法　采用Synbone人工合成胫骨18个,切割构建孤立的胫骨平台后外侧象限骨折模型,随机分为3组,分别采用外侧水平带状钢板固定、外侧低切迹解剖锁定钢板固定、后侧直形重建钢板固定。将固定好的骨折模型置于万能水压材料测试机进行测试,分别进行静态加载、疲劳测试和极限加载,检测骨块的相对空间位移。 结果　以10 mm/min加载至总载荷1050 N,重复加载10000次后,带状钢板组骨折块的纵向位移(2.77±1.79) mm,外侧锁定钢板组的纵向位移为(2.69±1.14) mm;后方重建钢板组骨折块的纵向位移为(1.62±0.60) mm,组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。施加载荷到骨或内固定的结构破坏后,带状钢板组的极限支撑力为(2055±263) N,外侧锁定钢板组的为（1968±209）N,后方重建钢板组的极限支撑力为(2272±130) N,组间差异具有显著的统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论　治疗孤立的胫骨平台后外侧象限骨折,侧方带状钢板水平固定能取得满意的效果。     

A CBCT study on positional change in mandibular condyle according to metallic anchorage methods in skeletal class III patients after orthognatic surgery

PurposeThis study was to evaluate the postoperative stability of the mandibular condyle according to the number of screws in the proximal segment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Patients and methodsThirty patients diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion and underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) were enrolled in this study. In Group A, 4 screws and a 4-hole miniplate were used for the internal fixation of an osteotomy and 3 screws, only 1 screw in the proximal segment, and a 4-hole miniplate were used in Group B. We digitally measured anteroposterior, supero-inferior, and mediolateral positions and angles of the long axis of the mediolateral poles in CBCT scans pre-operatively, within 1 week postoperatively and 3, 6 months after surgery.ResultsThe condylar head angle in the axial plane showed consistent and significant changes. The condylar head angle in the coronal plane decreased in both groups, which shows that condylar heads bent inward. In the axial plane, Group A showed statistically significant differences while Group B did not in early stage (T0–T1–T2). The change in distance between condylar heads shows that these have moved outward in both groups.ConclusionThe results show that a fixation method using 3 screws with a 4-hole miniplate did seemed preferable and may give some flexibility for condylar heads to be positioned in physiologic position during postoperative phase.