Lobectomy Is Associated with Better Outcomes than Sublobar Resection in Spread through Air Spaces (STAS)-Positive T1 Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis

Introduction

Spread through air spaces (STAS) is a form of invasion wherein tumor cells extend beyond the tumor edge within the lung parenchyma. In lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), we investigated the (1) association between STAS and procedure-specific outcomes (sublobar resection and lobectomy), (2) effect of surgical margin-to-tumor diameter ratio in STAS-positive patients, and (3) potential utility of frozen sections (FSs) for detecting STAS intraoperatively.

Early outcomes of lung resections in non-small cell lung cancer after COVID-19 pneumonia

ObjectiveThere is limited literature on patients with a history of COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent anatomical lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was aimed to share the early postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent lung resection after COVID-19 pneumonia.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively evaluated 30 patients who underwent lobectomy with thoracotomy and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection due to NSCLC in a single center between November 2018 and September 2021. The patients were divided into two groups regarding COVID-19 pneumonia history; the COVID-19 group consisted of 14 patients (46.7%) and the non-COVID-19 group 16 (53.3%) patients. The patients’ age, gender, comorbidity, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) value, tumor type and size, resection type, postoperative air leak duration, total drainage volume, drain removal time, postoperative complications, and length of stay (LOS) were recorded.Results9 (30%) patients were female, and 21 (70%) were male. The mean age was 62.1 ± 8.91 years. Our comparison of postoperative air leak duration, total drainage volume, time to drain removal, postoperative complications, and LOS between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups revealed no statistically significant difference.ConclusionAnatomical lung resection can be performed safely in NSCLC patients with a history of COVID-19 pneumonia without significant difference in early postoperative morbidity and mortality.     

连续231例全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌近、远期疗效分析

目的 探讨全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的安全性、可靠性及近、远期疗效。 方法回顾性分析自2006年6月至2011年3月南京医科大学第一附属医院231例非小细胞肺癌采用全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗的临床资料,其中男132例,女99例;年龄15～81 （59.51±11.90） 岁。Ⅰa期149例、Ⅰb期50例、Ⅱa期14例、Ⅱb期13例、Ⅲa期5例。腺癌152例、鳞癌41例、细支气管肺泡细胞癌23例、腺鳞癌5例、大细胞癌4例、其它癌6例。对随访结果进行统计分析,分析近、远期的生存率。 结果 无围术期死亡。手术时间60～370 （199.14±51.04） min,出血量10～2 300 （168.19±176.39） ml。围术期发生并发症37例,包括肺漏气、肺部感染、肺不张、心律失常、皮下气肿等,上述并发症均经保守治疗后治愈或好转。清扫淋巴结 （11.14±5.49） 枚,淋巴结站数3.66±1.52。有51例（22.08%）患者术后分期较术前有所提高。术后住院时间3～36 （10.79±5.13） d,术后肺漏气、肺部感染、术前合并慢性肺部疾病（慢性支气管炎、哮喘等）及中度至重度肺功能障碍是延长患者住院时间的主要因素。随访228例患者,平均随访时间40.83 （22～82） 个月,3例失访。228例患者各分期5年总生存率：Ⅰ期85.78％、Ⅱ期52.54％、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期32.70％;5年无瘤生存率：Ⅰ期80.00％、Ⅱ期45.37％、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期20.99％。 结论 全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术不仅切口小、创伤小、疼痛轻,而且术后功能恢复快、住院时间短。生存率与国内外相关报道相类似,全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术可完成解剖意义上的肿瘤彻底切除和淋巴结清扫。电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术必将成为肺部疾病治疗的标准手术术式之一。     

单向四孔法全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的探讨单向4孔法全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的可行性、安全性。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2010年12月上海市胸科医院采用单向式全胸腔镜肺叶切除治疗428例非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料,其中男186例,女242例;年龄33～78岁。术前临床诊断为早期非小细胞肺癌。428例中行右肺上叶切除134例,右肺中叶切除48例,右肺下叶切除98例,右肺中下叶切除4例,左肺上叶切除72例,左肺下叶切除72例。将428例患者按手术方式分为单向3孔法组(300例)和单向4孔法组(128例);比较两组的临床效果。结果412例在全胸腔镜下完成肺叶切除术,16例中转常规开胸手术(中转开胸比率3.7%)。平均手术时间132.1(120～180)min,平均手术切口长度3.7(3～5)cm,平均术中出血量150.0(50～800)ml;两组患者平均拔管时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间差异均无统计学意义,但4孔法组较3孔法组手术时间缩短,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。16例中转开胸患者接受术中输血。死亡5例,于术后1个月内分别死于严重肺部感染、肺栓塞和急性脑梗死。术后病理诊断:鳞状细胞癌52例,腺癌340例,腺鳞癌20例,低分化癌8例,大细胞癌6例,类癌2例。术后出现持续肺漏气4例,脓胸2例,肺部感染4例,心律失常26例,肺栓塞2例,乳糜胸2例,急性脑梗死2例。3年总生存率为83.6%(358/428)。结论单向式4孔法全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的有效性和安全性满意,符合肺癌手术的治疗规范。单向4孔法还能大大提高手术流畅程度和淋巴结清扫程度。     

Combined robotic lobectomy and adrenalectomy for lung cancer and solitary adrenal metastasis

Background and Objectives:

Surgical resection of isolated adrenal metastasis in primary lung cancer is associated with improved survival. We report a combined robotic lobectomy and adrenalectomy for resection of a primary lung cancer and metastasis to the adrenal gland.

Methods:

A 69-year-old male with a significant smoking history and shortness of breath was found to have a 3-cm left upper lobe mass with an enlarged left adrenal gland measuring 1.5cm. The adrenal gland was biopsied confirming metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma, likely lung cancer. Computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and mediastinoscopy revealed no evidence of disease outside the adrenal gland.

Results:

Following induction chemotherapy, the patient underwent combination robotic lobectomy, lymphadenectomy, and adrenalectomy while in the same lateral decubitus position. Thoracic and urologic oncology teams performed their respective portions of the operation. Overall operative time was 4 hours, and length of hospital stay was 3 days. Estimated blood loss was 150mL with no narcotic requirements beyond the first postoperative day. Final pathology revealed large cell carcinoma of the lung with metastasis to the adrenal. All surgical margins were negative.

Conclusions:

Combination robotic lobectomy and adrenalectomy is feasible and can be associated with a short convalescence, minimal pain, and an oncologically sound approach.     

电视胸腔镜辅助小切口与传统开胸肺叶切除术的比较

目的探讨电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的临床效果。方法比较2005年1月至2010年12月105例电视胸腔镜辅助小切口行肺叶切除术（胸腔镜组）与84例常规开胸行肺叶切除术（开胸组）手术及术后并发症发生情况。结果胸腔镜组手术时间（144．77±23．75）min,与开胸组（152．25±19．96）min比较差异无统计学意义（k=-1．331,P=0．188）;胸腔镜组术后住院时间（10．03±2．13）d,明显短于开胸组（12．14±2．46）d（r=-3．650,P=0．001）;并发症的比较：术后漏气的发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义（r=0．021,P=0．886）;胸腔镜组术中出血量（193．71±44．66）ml,明显少于开胸组（228．57±41．96）ml（t=-3．161,P=0．002）;胸腔镜组术后第1天的引流量（234．29±44．97）ml,明显少于开胸组（272．86±40．72）ml（t=-3．526,P=0．001）;术后疼痛程度的比较两组差异有统计学意义（X2=35．080,P=0）;术后上肢活动是否受限两组比较差异有统计学意义（r=20．160,P=0）;胸腔镜组术后拔管时间（7．17±2．12）d,明显短于开胸组（9．00±2．41）d（t=-3．194,P=0．002）。结论电视胸腔镜辅助胸壁小切口肺叶切除术安全、可靠,与开胸手术比较,具有手术出血少、术后引流量少、术后疼痛轻、上肢活动不受限及术后胸管引流时间短等优点。     

肺隔离症17例手术治疗分析

目的：探讨肺隔离症的手术治疗方法和效果。方法回顾性分析该院在2003年3月-2014年3月间收治的17例肺隔离症患者的临床资料。结果①该组17例患者中,术前确诊者13例;术中确诊4例;②采用肺叶切除术对患者进行治疗,全部痊愈,无1例死亡;③术后并发症的发生率为17.64豫(3/17),经对症处理后均缓解;④术后随访6个月~10年,复查X线胸片和CT,结果显示均正常。结论肺隔离症是临床中比较少见的肺先天性畸形,临床表现无特异性,易发生误诊和漏诊,临床中以肺叶切除术治疗为主,效果良好,值得临床推广。     

Risk Factors for Major Adverse Events of Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Lobectomy for Lung Cancer

Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for major adverse events of VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery) lobectomy for primary lung cancer.Methods: 1806 Patients (1032 males, 57.1%) planned to undergo VATS lobectomy for stage IA-IIIA lung cancer from July 2007 to June 2012. The Thoracic Morbidity and Mortality Classification TM&M system was used to evaluate the presence and severity of complications. Postoperative complications were observed during a 30-day follow up. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the independent risk factors for major adverse events.Results: Successful rate of VATS lobectomy was 97.6% (1763/1806). Major complications occurred in 129 patients (7.3%), with a mortality of 0.3% (5/1763). Pulmonary complications contribute up to 90.7% of the major complications and 80% of mortality. Logistic regression indicated that comorbidities, elder age ≥70y, operative time ≥240min and hybrid VATS were predictors for major adverse events (P<0.05). Hybrid and converted VATS lobectomy result in higher major adverse events compared with complete VATS, 15.1%, 20.9% and 7.4% respectively (P=0.013).Conclusions: The overall complication rate and mortality of VATS lobectomy are low, while major complications sometimes occur. Pulmonary complications are the most common major complications and cause of mortality. Age ≥70y, comorbidities, operative time ≥240min and Hybrid VATS are predictors of major adverse events.     

定时与自主湿化气道对肺叶切除术后患者排痰效果的疗效分析

目的探讨定时与自主湿化气道对肺叶切除术后患者排痰效果的影响。方法选择肺叶切除术后患者97例，随机分成实验组49例、对照组48例。实验组患者在术后采用定时予自主湿化气道方法促进痰液排出；对照组患者采用常规方法湿化气道促进痰液排出。观察两组患者术后痰液黏稠程度显著低于对照组，咳痰能力和术后并发症的发生率。结果实验组与对照组比较，实验组术后12h、18h、24h、30h痰液黏稠度、咳痰能力优于对照组，差异有显著意义（P〈0．005）；术后并发症的发生率实验组低于对照组，差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论肺叶切除术后采用定时与自主湿化气道法促进患者排痰效果显著优于常规湿化气道法，可广泛应用于临床。