Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment of mandibular distal occlusion and the progress of therapy: A case report

BackgroundStudies have demonstrated a relationship between dental malocclusion and posture defects. The aims of the study were to present (1) the effect of a physiotherapeutic approach to a patient with a distal occlusion defect with the use of a set of exercises to strengthen the muscles responsible for mandibular protrusion, and (2) a non-invasive and easy-to-use method to monitor the effects of therapy.MethodsFive year old girl with a distal occlusion and with a low basic postural tone was referred to physiotherapy. A therapeutic program i.a. concerning a strengthening of the temporomandibular joint muscles with the use of a flexible tape was proposed. To assess the functional changes of the masticatory apparatus a photoanthropometric method was used. In side-face photos, proportions of 2 linear measurements and values of two angles on the first day of therapy, after 2 and after 4 months of exercises, with the mandible located freely and in the maximum protrusion were compared.ResultsA comparison of indices and angles showed a marked improvement in mandibular mobility already after two and four months of the exercises. Using the elastic resistance tape in addition to general developmental exercises allowed for increasing the mobility in the temporomandibular joint.ConclusionMalocclusion should not be considered separately, without taking into account the body posture. The work of the physiotherapist can benefit the orthodontist, correcting postural defects and consequently affecting malocclusion. A comparison of linear measurements and angles can be used to assess the progress of the therapy.     

Sacral morphometrics for sex estimation of dead cases in Central Thailand

Sex estimation by various forensic anthropology approaches is a crucial factor for identification of human skeletal remains. However, inexpensive, uncomplicated and reliable methods are still required, especially in a remote crime scene and a high crime incidence area. Here, we examined 13 sacral parameters from 78 independent skeletons derived from deceases found in Central Thailand (male, n = 46; female, n = 32) using simple standard anthropometric techniques for sex allocation. Discriminant analysis exhibited that anterior-posterior diameter of S₁ vertebra corpus (APS) is the most accurate sacral parameter for sex determination in our study with 82.1% of correct discrimination rate. The accuracy could be improved up to 97.4% when additional three sacral variables including the length of sacrum measured from the medial anterior-superior sacral promontory to the medial anterior-inferior S₅ vertebra (ASL), alar index (ALI), and the maximum anterior breadth of sacrum measured across sacral alar (ABS) were computed together with APS. These encourage the use of sacral morphometrics for sex assessment of human sacrum remains in Central Thailand. However, further investigation with broadening sacral morphometric data across the country might provide a promising sex determination equation from a sacral skeleton for Thai population.     

Temporal trends in muscular fitness of English 10-year-olds 1998–2014: An allometric approach

Objectives

To identify temporal trends in muscular fitness of English children using allometric scaling for height and weight to adjust for the influence of body size.

单中心汉族足月新生儿18个体表信息横断面研究

目的在单中心汉族人口中建立正常足月新生儿18个体表信息的参考范围值。方法依据《人体测量手册》上提供的方法,选取复旦大学附属妇产科医院37～40周生后2 h内的595名健康足月、汉族和单胎新生儿,行身长、体重、头围、乳距、胸围、内眦间距、外眦间距、睑裂长、耳长、耳宽、鼻长、鼻宽、鼻高、口宽、人中线长、手长、手中指长和足长信息的直接测量,每个体表信息连续重复测量3次,取3次测量的平均值行统计学分析。应用LMS软件 （light version）来构建分性别按照孕周的各测量的光滑的百分位数曲线。 结果2011年8月至2012年9月间符合本文纳入和排除标准的新生儿595例进入分析,男性305例,女性290例,其中37周83例（男40例,女43例）,38周218例（男118例,女100例）,39周185例（男91例,女94例）,40周109例（男54例,女55例）。构建18个体表信息第3~97百分位数。37周新生儿中5/18个（27.8%）体表信息值男性>女性,P均＜0.05,分别为耳长、耳宽、鼻宽、鼻长和足长;38周新生儿中11/18个（61.1%）体表信息值男性>女性,P均＜0.05,分别为身长、体重、耳长、耳宽、鼻高、鼻宽、鼻长、口宽、手长、中指长和足长;39周新生儿中14/18个（77.8%）体表信息值男性>女性,P均＜0.05,分别为身长、体重、头围、胸围、内眦间距、外眦间距、睑裂长、耳长、耳宽、鼻宽、鼻长、人中线长、手长和足长;40周新生儿中11/18个（61.1%）体表信息值男性>女性,P均＜0.05,分别为身长、体重、头围、胸围、内眦间距、外眦间距、耳长、耳宽、鼻宽、足长和乳距,其余体表信息值性别差异均无统计学意义,P均＞0.05。 结论建立了单中心汉族足月新生儿18个体表信息的参考范围值和百分位数。男女新生儿5～14个体表信息值有差异,男性体表信息值>女性。     

The South Asian facial anthropometric profile: A systematic review

Purpose

Craniofacial anatomy, as measured by facial anthropometric data, varies significantly between races. South Asia, comprised of eight countries, represents a large proportion of the global population and is the fastest-growing region of the world. This systematic review presents the facial anthropometric data collected for populations from this region.

Researching the impact of oral health on diet and nutritional status: Methodological issues

Objectives

Assessment of the impact of dental function on diet and nutritional status requires robust methodologies and a standardised approach to increase accuracy of results and to facilitate cross study comparisons. The objectives of this paper are: to report the outcomes of a consensus workshop that critically reviewed publications reporting on dietary methodologies in relation to the impact of oral health on nutrition; to highlight future directions for research and; to make recommendations for appropriate use of methodologies for future research.

Data

Data relevant to nutrition and dental status published from 1980 to 2005 in English were presented at the consensus workshop for discussion and appraisal.

Sources

Relevant papers were retrieved through PubMed. Relevant texts were obtained from the library at Newcastle University, UK.

Study selection

A purposive sample of original articles that illustrated the application of a range of nutritional methodologies to the study of oral health impacts was identified. Original flagship texts on nutritional methodologies were reviewed.

Conclusions

Numerous studies have shown an association between loss of teeth and inferior diet. Further research is required to elucidate the impact of novel approaches to prosthetic rehabilitation and the impact of contemporaneous dietary and dental intervention on diet, nutritional status, disease progression and quality of life.The recommendation of the consensus workshop was that future studies should adopt a comprehensive approach to the assessment of nutrition that encompasses measurement of diet, body composition, biochemical indices of intake and levels of nutrients, and functional biomarkers of disease.     

中国乡村汉族男性体部指标的多元分析

目的 对中国乡村汉族男性体部指标进行多元分析,探讨不同地区汉族体部指标的差异。 方法 采用活体测量学方法,于2009～2013年在中国36个调查地区（15个北方地区,21个南方地区）测量了8174名乡村汉族男性成年人的9项体部体质指标,并对36个族群的指标均数进行了聚类分析和主成分分析（PCA）。 结果 聚类分析结果表明,北方汉族与南方汉族体部特征存在较大的差异。PCA结果发现,绝大多数北方族群的主成分（PC）Ⅰ值较大,即身高、体重、足长、坐高、臀围值较大,而多数南方族群的相应值较小。南方、北方族群的肩宽值大小彼此交错,表明肩宽值大小不是区分南方和北方族群的标志。 结论 遗传因素对体部特征的形成有重要影响,环境因素、经济发展水平对体部发育也有着重要的作用。     

Perioral aging – An anthropometric appraisal

To adequately perform perioral rejuvenation procedures, it is necessary to understand the morphologic changes caused by facial aging. Anthropometric analyses of standardized frontal view and profile photographs could help to investigate such changes.Photographs of 346 male individuals were evaluated using 12 anthropometric indices. Data from two groups of health subjects, the first exhibiting a mean age of nearly 20 and the second of nearly 60 years, were compared.To evaluate the influence of combined nicotine and alcohol abuse, the data of the second group were compared to a third group exhibiting a similar mean age who were known alcohol and nicotine abusers.Comparison of the first to the second group showed significant decrease of the vertical height of upper and lower vermilion and relative enlargement of the cutaneous part of upper and lower lips. This effect was stronger in the upper vermilion and medial upper lips. The sagging of the upper lips led to the appearance of an increased mouth width. In the third group the effect of sagging of the upper lips, and especially its medial portion was significantly higher compared to the second group. The photo-assisted anthropometric measurements investigated gave reproducible results related to perioral aging.