不同剂量orexin2A对麻醉大鼠催醒效果观察

目的研究侧脑室注射不同剂量orexin2A对麻醉大鼠脑电图（electroencephalogram,EEG）、翻正反射消失（loss of righting reflex,LRR）持续时间、共济失调等的影响。方法腹腔注射氯胺酮75mg/kg及咪达唑仑5mg/kg麻醉大鼠后,侧脑室注射不同剂量orexin2A,通过大鼠脑电δ波比例、LRR持续时间及共济失调监测,了解不同剂量orexin2A对麻醉大鼠催醒效果。结果与对照组相比,侧脑室注射orexin2A1nmol后,大鼠脑电δ波、LRR持续时间及共济失调时间,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;侧脑室注射orexin2A4、7、10nmol后,大鼠脑电δ波、LRR持续时间及共济失调时间,差异有统计学意义（t=22.81～36.45,P〈0.01）;高剂量组与超高剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论侧脑室注射orexin2A可使麻醉深度变浅,麻醉时间缩短,并可促进麻醉后运动功能恢复,存在一定的量效关系。     

食欲素系统在睡眠障碍影响认知功能的研究进展

睡眠是人体的一个主动过程,睡眠时间占人类一生的三分之一,每日的睡眠-觉醒周期为生物节律提供了控制全身稳态和体内动力学的基础,因此,睡眠障碍会造成许多不良后果,认知功能下降就是其中之一。食欲素是下丘脑产生的一种神经肽,有报道称,以食欲素系统为靶点的药理学干预可改善睡眠障碍,在预防和延缓认知功能方面有很大潜力。本文将近年来与食欲素系统、睡眠障碍及认知功能相关的研究进行综述,为将食欲素系统在睡眠障碍影响认知功能方面的研究提供新思路。     

Orexin与发作性睡病的研究进展

Orexin是一种由下丘脑外侧区产生的具有多种生理功能的神经肽,在睡眠-觉醒周期的调节中发挥重要作用。研究表明,orexin缺乏或受体功能缺陷是导致发作性睡病的原因之一。因此,orexin替代疗法和orexin受体激动剂可能成为治疗发作性睡病的新手段。     

Distribution of the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) in the mouse forebrain and rostral brainstem: A characterisation of OX1R-eGFP mice

We have utilised a transgenic reporter mouse in which green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression is driven by the orexin-1 receptor (OX₁R) promoter to systematically map the distribution of OX₁R-expressing neurons throughout the mouse forebrain and rostral brainstem. GFP labelling was observed in perikarya and fibres in an extensive range of brain loci encompassing the olfactory and cerebral cortices, dorsal and ventral pallidum, hippocampus, amygdaloid regions, septal areas, thalamic nuclei, hypothalamic nuclei and several brainstem regions, consistent with previous studies of OX₁R mRNA expression. This is the first study to systematically characterise the neuroanatomical distribution of OX₁R in the OX₁R-eGFP mouse, confirming its veracity as a faithful reporter of OX₁R expression and utility for future studies assessing the role of OX₁R in more complex behaviours.     

Increased Orexin Expression Promotes Sleep/Wake Disturbances in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Background:Sleep/wake disturbances in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are well-documented,however,no animal or mechanistic studies on these disturbances exist.Orexin is a crucial neur...     

HIE新生儿血清食欲素、生长激素及瘦素水平变化

目的：探讨缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）新生儿食欲素、生长激素及瘦素水平变化。方法选择HIE患儿58例为研究对象,其中轻度28例,中度22例,重度8例。另设对照组30例。检测各新生儿出生后24h食欲素、生长激素以及瘦素水平,分析HIE对患儿食欲素、生长激素以及瘦素的影响。结果轻度HIE患儿食欲素较对照组轻度升高,生长激素和瘦素较对照组轻度下降,无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。随着病情加重,中度HIE患儿和重度HIE患儿食欲素显著升高,生长激素和瘦素显著下降,与对照组比较,有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。结论 HIE患儿血清食欲素水平显著升高,瘦素和生长激素水平显著下降。     

食欲素与抑郁症关系的研究进展

食欲素是由下丘脑神经元合成和分泌的神经肽,参与调节睡眠－觉醒、奖赏系统、能量代谢、摄食行为、应激以及单胺能神经的传递等生理功能。目前国内外研究均证实了食欲素及其受体与抑郁症的病理生理学密切相关。现针对食欲素与抑郁症关系的研究进展进行综述。     

儿童营养状态与血增食欲素A、瘦素的相关性

目的探讨不同营养状态儿童血中增食欲素A、瘦素水平的变化及其相关性。方法检测29例营养不良儿童和29例肥胖儿童的外周血增食欲素A、瘦素水平,并与29例性别、年龄匹配的健康儿童比较,同时分析血增食欲素A、瘦素、 BMI之间的相关性。结果①营养不良儿童中外周血增食欲素A水平显著高于对照组（F=4．551,P=0．012）,瘦素水平显著低于对照组（F=4．074,P=0．005）,未发现性别对增食欲素A、瘦素水平的影响存在交互作用（P〉0．05）;②肥胖组儿童外周血增食欲素A水平显著低于对照组（F=5．063,P=0．008）,肥胖组血清瘦素水平显著高于对照组（F=5．105,P=0．007）,未发现性别对增食欲素A、瘦素水平的影响存在交互作用（P〉0．05）;（9相关性分析表明营养不良组、肥胖组与对照组3组中血增食欲素A与BMI成负相关（P〈0．05）,血瘦素水平与BMI存在着正相关性性（P〈0．05）,而血增食欲素A与血瘦素水平无显著相关性存在（P〉0．05）。结论外周血增食欲素A水平、瘦素水平与儿童的营养状态有关,增食欲素A与瘦素参与了机体营养状态的调节。     

Molecular cloning and characterization of preproorexin in winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata)

A 815 base pairs (bp) cDNA encoding for preproorexin (preproOX) was cloned in winter skate, a cartilaginous fish. Winter skate preproOX is 159 amino acids (aa) long and contains a 34 aa orexin A and 28 aa orexin B. The amino acid sequence of winter skate preproOX is more similar to tetrapod preproOXs (36-40% identity) than teleost preproOXs (23-33% identity). Whereas orexin B appears relatively well conserved among vertebrates, orexin A displays more variability, in particular due to an “insertion sequence” that is present in teleost fish, but not in skate and tetrapods. RT-PCR studies show that preproOX mRNA has a widespread distribution within the brain and is present in several peripheral tissues, including gastrointestinal tract, heart and testes. Fasting induced increases in preproOX expression in the hypothalamus, suggesting that orexin might play a role in the regulation of food intake in winter skate.     

Localization of orexins and their receptors in the rat olfactory system: possible modulation of olfactory perception by a neuropeptide synthetized centrally or locally

Orexin-A and -B, also known as hypocretins, are two neuropeptides acting on feeding and sleep. They are specific ligands for two different receptors belonging to the G-protein coupled receptors family. Orexin fibers and orexin receptor neurons have been previously described in the forebrain olfactory system. Using immunocytochemistry, we showed that both orexin-A and -B as well as their receptors were present at different levels of the olfactory system, from the nasal mucosa to nuclei of the amygdala. A punctuated staining for orexins and their receptors was detected at the apical part of the olfactory epithelium; in the lamina propria of the mucosa, the staining was localized around olfactory nerves. At the ultrastructural level, olfactory neurons and supporting cells were found immunoreactive for orexins and their receptors. The labeling was localized in dendritic knobs and cilia of neurons, in the apical part and microvilli of supporting cells. The finding of immunolabeled cisternae of reticulum strongly suggests a local synthesis of both peptides and receptors, confirmed by RT-PCR experiments. In forebrain and amygdala regions, we detected numerous orexin fibers. Orexin receptors were present in mitral-tufted cells of the bulb and in many neuronal perikarya in the anterior olfactory nuclei, piriform cortex and amygdala nuclei. Altogether, these results show that orexins and their receptors are present at all levels of the olfactory system, from cilia where odors bind to their receptors to central regions where integration of olfactory signals occurs. They suggest a possible modulation of olfactory perception by these neuropeptides.