凉血通瘀方干预高血压大鼠急性脑出血模型对脑组织中差异miRNA表达的影响＊

目的 研究凉血通瘀方对高血压大鼠急性脑出血模型脑组织miRNA表达的影响，对差异表达的miRNA靶基因进行分析，探索凉血通瘀方可能的药效机制。方法 将自发性高血压大鼠随机分成对照组（B）和实验组（C）。适应性饲养一周后，C组灌胃凉血通瘀方，B组灌胃等体积生理盐水，连续5天，每天1次。构建脑出血模型后收集脑组织，借助全转录组测序技术获得miRNA表达量，与miRBase数据库比对获取已知miRNA，使用miRDeep2预测新miRNA。差异分析软件为DESeq2，筛选阈值为|log₂FC| ≥1 并且P <0.05。对显著差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测，对靶基因进行GO功能、KEGG通路富集和PPI网络分析。结果 实验组和对照组对比，共发现21个显著差异表达的miRNA，上调有9个，下调有12个，共预测得到1243个有统计学意义的靶基因。GO富集分析发现，生物过程中突触囊泡分泌的调节、神经递质分泌的调节和神经递质运输的调节占前三位，神经元投射终点、全膜、质膜区域和细胞投射则是主要的细胞成分。分子功能分别为小GTPase绑定、底物特异性跨膜转运蛋白活性和离子跨膜转运体活性。通路分析结果显示，靶基因在癌证通路、pI3K-Akt信号通路、人类乳头瘤病毒感染、神经活性配体-受体相互作用和MAPK通路等分布广泛。采用STRING网站和Cytoscape软件，根据MCC算法筛选出ADRA2C、CASR、CCL28、CCR1、DRD2、GNAT3、GRM2、DYNC1LI1、GABBR1、GNAI1等核心靶基因。结论 凉血通瘀方对脑出血急性期鼠脑组织内miRNA的表达有重要影响；显著差异表达miRNAs可能通过靶向核心基因调控凉血通瘀方干预急性脑出血的病理过程及预后。     

microRNA在结肠癌组织的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨结肠癌组织与对应正常结肠组织miRNA表达特征及其在结肠癌的诊断中的意义.方法 通过定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)法检测了6对结肠癌及其远端正常结肠的手术标本中200种miRNA的表达情况,并应用PAM分析法探讨miRNA在预测结肠癌病变中的作用.结果 检测6对结肠癌及其远端正常结肠的手术标本中miRNA的表达情况发现在结肠癌组织/远端正常结肠组织中存在132种miRNA,并且有95种miRNA在结肠癌发生过程中表达量发生了显著的变化(变化倍数大于1.5),其中有48种表达增加应用PAM分析方法对9对结肠癌组织/远端正常结肠组织进行了定性判断,发现预测结果 与病理切片诊断结果 一致.结论 miRNA与结肠癌的发展有着密切的联系,并且其可以作为一个有效的肿瘤标志物以进行结肠癌的早期预测和诊断.     

Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on MicroRNA Expression Related to Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation in Human and Animal Trials

Dietary fatty acids (DFAs) play key roles in different metabolic processes in humans and other mammals. DFAs have been considered beneficial for health, particularly polyunsaturated (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) exert their function on DFA metabolism by modulating gene expression, and have drawn great attention for their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review explicitly examined the effects of DFAs on miRNA expression associated with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as inflammation, published in the last ten years. DFAs have been shown to induce and repress miRNA expression associated with metabolic disease and inflammation in different cell types and organisms, both in vivo and in vitro, depending on varying combinations of DFAs, doses, and the duration of treatment. However, studies are limited and heterogeneous in methodology. Additionally, recent studies demonstrated that high fat ketogenic diets, many enriched with saturated fats, do not increase serum saturated fat content in humans, and are not associated with increased inflammation. Thus, these findings shed light on the complexity of novel treatment and DFA interventions for metabolic disease and to maintain health. Further studies are needed to advance molecular therapeutic approaches, including miRNA-based strategies in human health and disease.     

Blood biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury: State of art

BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits around the world. Up to 90% of injuries are classified as mTBI. Cranial computed tomography (CCT) is a standard diagnosis tool to identify intracranial complications in adults with mTBI. Alternatively, children can be admitted for inpatient observation with CCT scans performed only on those with clinical deterioration. The use of blood biomarkers is a supplementary tool for identifying patients at risk of intracerebral lesions who may need imaging.MethodWe realised a bibliographic state of art providing a contemporary clinical and laboratory framework for blood biomarker testing in mTBI management.ResultsThe S100B protein is the only biomarker that can be used today in the clinical routine for management of mTBI with appropriate evidence-based medicine. Due to its excellent negative predictive value, S100B protein is an alternative choice to CCT scanning for mTBI management with considered, consensual and pragmatic use. In this state of art, we propose points to help clinicians and clinical pathologists use serum S100B protein in the clinical routine. A state of art on the different biomarkers (GFAP, UCH-L1, NF [H or L], tau, H-FABP, SNTF, NSE, miRNAs, MBP) is also conducted. Some of these other biomarkers, used alone (GFAP, UCH-L1) or in combination (GFAP + H-FABP ± S100B ± IL10) can improve the specificity of S100B.ConclusionUsing a bibliographic state of art, we highlighted the added values of the blood biomarkers for the clinical management of mTBI.     

基于双链特异性核酸酶触发滚环扩增的microRNA-21太赫兹超材料传感方法的构建

目的:构建一种太赫兹(THz)超材料传感方法用于microRNA-21(miRNA-21)的信号放大检测。方法:首先构建THz超材料传感方法,并用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及zeta电位验证方法的可行性;对传感器检测条件进行优化之后,对不同浓度的miRNA-21以及其他不同的miRNAs进行检测,并与其他microRNA检测方法进行比较;最后,对该传感器的回收率进行了评价。结果:在最优实验条件下,通过双链特异性核酸酶(DSN)循环识别与滚环扩增(RCA)的双重信号放大策略,该THz超材料传感器对靶标miRNA-21的响应范围为10 fmol/L至10 nmol/L,检测限为8.49 fmol/L。并且该传感器具有较好的特异性,具备了从多种miRNAs中识别靶标miRNA-21的能力,并且在商业化人血清样本中的回收率可达94.33%到115.33%。结论:该THz传感器可以实现靶标miRNA-21的高灵敏、高特异性检测,具备了在miRNA相关疾病无标记诊断与早期预警的潜力。     

RNA干扰作用机制及其在中医药研究中的应用前景

RNA干扰首先由Su Guo博士于1995年在秀丽新小杆线虫体内发现,而后发现这一现象广泛存在于自然界各级生物体当中。RNAi作用机制涉及siRNAs及miRNAs的产生、RISC的装配、RISC的功能三个过程从而沉默目的基因的表达。在中医药研究中,RNAi这一复杂现象的作用机制完全可以用中医理论的阴阳学说来解释,而且它在证候-基因组研究、中药作用的靶标或阐明中药的作用机制、中药的毒性研究等方面都有重要的应用前景。     

黄芪miRNA的预测及其干旱表达模式分析

目的利用生物信息学手段预测黄芪Astragalus membranaceus的miRNA及其靶基因,应用定量PCR分析其干旱胁迫表达模式,为黄芪miRNA研究奠定基础。方法下载公共核酸数据库中的黄芪高通量测序序列,使用Trinity软件拼接获得转录本数据。利用生物信息学预测方法进行黄芪miRNA及其靶基因的预测,并对靶基因进行功能分类分析。利用茎环引物荧光定量PCR方法验证miRNA的存在,并分析miRNA在干旱胁迫下的表达模式。结果序列拼接获得88 263条黄芪转录组数据。使用这些数据预测到分属于17个家族的17个miRNA序列以及相应的茎环结构前体。这些miRNA靶向的145个基因主要参与基因转录调控、物质代谢、信号转导、胁迫应答和蛋白翻译后修饰等生物学过程。随机选取8个miRNA进行茎环引物荧光定量PCR验证,其干旱逆境表达模式分析表明miR2118和miR166可能参与了黄芪的干旱胁迫应答。结论预测的黄芪miRNA、靶基因以及干旱应答miRNA,为理解miRNA在黄芪中的生物学功能提供了重要数据。     

微小RNA与磷酸化胞外信号调节激酶在视网膜母细胞瘤中的表达及其相关性分析

目的 探讨miRNA和磷酸化胞外信号调节激酶(phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase,P-ERK)在视网膜母细胞瘤(retinoblastoma,Rb)中表达的变化及其相关性.方法 手术切除获取Rb组织标本经组织病理学检查分为低分化、中分化和高分化Rb组织,肿瘤外的正常视网膜组织作为对照组;应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测正常视网膜组织和不同分化程度Rb组织中miRNA表达水平,Western blot检测正常视网膜组织和不同分化程度Rb组织中P-ERK蛋白表达情况.结果 Rb组织中miRNA基因表达(低分化0.214±0.140、中分化0.246±0.200、高分化0.256±0.180)、P-ERK蛋白表达(低分化0.367±0.270、中分化0.562±0.190、高分化0.609 ±0.110)明显高于癌旁正常视网膜组织(miRNA:0.200±0.190、P-ERK蛋白:0.211±0.260),差异均有统计学意义(均为P ＜0.05).miRNA、P-ERK蛋白表达与Rb组织分化程度有相关性;miRNA和P-ERK蛋白表达呈正相关.结论 miR-NA和P-ERK蛋白在Rb组织中表达均高于正常视网膜组织,并且二者表达呈正相关.     

糖肾方对db/db小鼠肾脏纤维化的保护作用

目的:观察糖肾方(Tang Shen Fang,TSF)对于自发性2型糖尿病肾病db/db小鼠肾脏纤维化的保护作用。方法:8周龄雄性db/db小鼠随机分为2组,分别为模型组(db/db)和观察组(db/db+TSF),每组9只;8周龄雄性db/m小鼠为正常对照组(db/m),顺应性喂养2周后,给予糖肾方干预12周,处死小鼠,分离小鼠肾脏用于后续检测。利用PAS和Masson染色观察肾脏病理;利用Western Blotting、Real-time PCR和免疫组化等技术检测肾脏组织纤维化TGF-β1/Smad3通路以及miRNA21和miRNA29b的表达。结果:糖肾方可以改善db/db小鼠尿微量白蛋白水平,减轻小鼠肾脏损伤;Western Blotting、Real-time PCR和免疫组化结果显示,糖肾方可下调db/db小鼠肾脏中纤维化标志分子TGF-β1、Smad3、CollagenⅠ和Fibronectin的表达;下调db/db小鼠肾脏miRNA 21的表达,上调miRNA 29b的表达。结论:糖肾方可作用于TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路抑制肾脏纤维化。     

Altered Regulation of mRNA and miRNA Expression in Epithelial and Stromal Tissue of Keratoconus Corneas

PurposeEvaluation of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression in epithelium and stroma of patients with keratoconus.MethodsThe epithelium and stroma of eight corneas of eight patients with keratoconus and eight corneas of eight non-keratoconus healthy controls were studied separately. RNA was extracted, and mRNA and miRNA analyses were performed using microarrays. Differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs in epithelial and stromal keratoconus samples compared to healthy controls were identified. Selected genes and miRNAs were further validated using RT-qPCR.ResultsWe discovered 170 epithelial and 1498 stromal deregulated protein-coding mRNAs in KC samples. In addition, in epithelial samples 180 miRNAs and in stromal samples 379 miRNAs were significantly deregulated more than twofold compared to controls. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of metabolic and axon guidance pathways for epithelial cells and enrichment of metabolic, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and focal adhesion pathways for stromal cells.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates significant differences in the expression and regulation of mRNAs and miRNAs in the epithelium and stroma of Patients with KC. Also, in addition to the well-known target candidates, we were able to identify further genes and miRNAs that may be associated with keratoconus. Signaling pathways influencing metabolic changes and cell contacts are affected in epithelial and stromal cells of patients with keratoconus.