中长链脂肪酸食用油可降低超重高甘油三酯血症患者体脂肪和血脂水平

T可以减少超重高甘油三酯血症患者体脂肪,降低血甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平.     

Impact of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index on maternal,fetal and neonatal adverse outcomes in the worldwide populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveSystematic review and meta-analysis conducted to investigate the effect of stratified pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index on twenty maternal and fetal/neonatal adverse outcomes.MethodsPubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Embase, Web of Science databases were searched from inception till July 11, 2020. Cohort studies were included. The pooled odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported considering the random effect and the quality effect model. The sub-group analysis and meta-regression were conducted for BMI cut-offs, geographical region, source of BMI, and sample size.ResultsOverall, 86 studies representing 20,328,777 pregnant women were included in this meta-analysis. Our study reveals that overweight and obese mothers are at increased odds of cesarean delivery, elective cesarean delivery, emergency cesarean delivery, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, induction of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, pre-term premature rupture of membrane, and the fetuses/neonates of overweight and obese mothers are at increased risk of admission in the newborn intensive care unit, APGAR scores less than 7 at 5 min, large for gestational age, macrosomia, extreme pre-term birth in pregnant mothers compared with standard BMI mothers. However, the underweight mothers showed increased odds for small for gestational age infant and pre-term birth, whereas obese mothers were at higher risk for post-term birth and stillbirths. The subgroup and meta-regression analyses have shown the impact of BMI cut-offs, geographical region, source of BMI, and sample size on several maternal, fetal/neonatal adverse outcomes.ConclusionThe meta-analysis confirmed the association of elevated pre-pregnancy maternal BMI with higher odds of adverse maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes.     

Parental experiences of adopting healthy lifestyles for children with disabilities living with overweight and obesity

BackgroundChildren with disabilities present with high obesity rates.ObjectiveThis study explored the parental experience of adopting healthy lifestyle choices, for children with disabilities, who received dietetic weight management advice.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out with eight parents/carers in their own homes or healthcare setting in an inner London locality, or by telephone. Data was analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach.ResultsFive superordinate themes emerged: 1. Strategies to promote healthy lifestyles: encouraging physical activity, limiting access to food and taking a gradual approach to making lifestyle changes. 2. Challenges to adopting healthy lifestyles: selective eating patterns, the high cost of healthy foods and parental/carer lack of time. 3. The role of healthcare professionals (HCPs): revealed that not all parents/carers received advice or support, prior to dietetic referral, when managing their child's weight. Feeling reassured by HCPs was valued. Parents/carers reported a positive experience of seeing the dietitian, as they appreciated receiving practical and individualized advice. 4. Support needs: family support and support from families with children with disabilities was explored. 5. Parent/carer wellbeing: such as stress was found to have a detrimental impact on parents making healthy lifestyle changes.ConclusionsAdopting a healthy lifestyle involved a variety of strategies and challenges, some of which are specific to this population group and should be considered by HCPs, when having weight-related discussions and offering advice. Parental/carer support needs and wellbeing should also be taken into consideration when planning weight management services for this population group.     

营养干预对学生知识行为及超重肥胖的影响

目的 在“营养校园”试点学校进行为期一年的营养干预,分析评价干预效果。方法 在石家庄新华区选取一所小学和一所初中进行干预,从三、五、七年级中分别随机抽取2个班级的学生在干预前后进行调查。干预方法包括开展营养健康教育、促进身体活动、科学营养供餐支持等综合措施,通过问卷和体格测量调查学生干预前后的营养知识、饮食行为及超重肥胖变化情况。结果 干预后,营养知识题目的正确率显著提高（χ2=613.737,P<0.001）,总体正确率为59.8%。学生早餐食物种类（χ2=19.841,P<0.001）和早餐摄入频率（χ2=5.405,P<0.05）均有显著改善。总体超重肥胖率未见显著改善,按性别、年级分层分析发现,女生超重肥胖率降低（χ2=1.891,P<0.05）,5年级（χ2=4.923,P<0.05）和7年级（χ2=10.563,P<0.01）学生超重肥胖率降低,且高年级学生降幅更明显。结论 以校园为基础开展综合营养干预措施,可以提高学生的营养知识水平,并改善学生的不良饮食行为及超重肥胖现状。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期使用激素治疗与低血钾的关系分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者在病情加重时使用激素治疗与低血钾的关系.方法 回顾性分析73例COPD急性加重期使用激素治疗患者,按体重指数(BMI)进行分类比较,了解其与低血钾的关系.结果 超重患者低血钾发生率为31%, 不超重患者为6%,经χ2检验P＜0.05.结论 超重患者出现低血钾的机会较大,应多监测,及时补充和纠正,避免严重心律失常事件的发生.