化学发光免疫法检测血浆同型半胱氨酸

同型半胱氨酸（Hey）即2-氨基-4巯基丁酸，亦称高半胱氨酸，是一含硫氨基酸，是胱硫醚和蛋氨酸转硫化和甲基化代谢旁路形成的中间体。     

侧脑室注射6-OHDA对寒冷应激诱导的大鼠血浆ACTH含量的改变

目的　观察侧脑室注射 6 OHDA对 4℃寒冷应激诱导的血浆ACTH含量的改变。方法　成年Wistar雄性大鼠 3 0只 ,随机分成 5组 (n =6) ,分别为空白对照组、寒冷应激组、6 羟基多巴胺 (6 OHDA)非应激组、6 OHDA +寒冷应激组、配药液 +寒冷应激组。所有动物处理后立即取静脉血用放射免疫法测定其血浆ACTH含量。结果　 4℃寒冷应激 4h后血浆ACTH含量明显升高 ,与正常对照组相比有明显差异 (P <0 .0 1) :6 OHDA侧脑室注射后再寒冷应激 ,血浆ACTH含量不再明显升高。结论　寒冷应激可能通过脑内儿茶酚胺能系统调控HPA轴的活性     

Polymorphism in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene affects CRP levels in plasma and one early marker of atherosclerosis in men: The Health 2000 Survey

The gastrointestinal hormone gastrin is measured in plasma in physiological, pathophysiological and diagnostic investigations. In the diagnosis of hypergastrinaemic diseases such as gastrinomas and gastric achlorhydria, measurement of gastrin concentrations in circulation is crucial. Gastrin circulates, however, not as a single peptide but as a mixture of peptides of different lengths and amino acid derivatizations. Moreover, in hypergastrinaemia the peptide pattern changes. Consequently, diagnostic gastrin measurements require immunoassays that recognize the pathological plasma patterns, which are characterized by a predominance of the large peptides (gastrin‐34 and gastrin‐71) and less, if any, of the shorter main form of gastrin in normal tissue, gastrin‐17. Alternatively, and in specific cases, “processing‐independent assays” (PIA) for progastrin may be considered, since hypersecreting gastrin cells also release substantial amounts of biosynthetic precursors and processing intermediates. Recently, gastrin kits that do not take the pathological plasma patterns into account have been marketed and may miss the diagnosis. Therefore, proper diagnosis of gastrinomas and other hypergastrinaemic diseases requires insight into cellular gastrin synthesis and peripheral metabolism, and also into the design of useful immunoassays. This review discusses the art of measuring gastrin in plasma with adequate diagnostic specificity.     

Levels of Immunoreactive Angiotensin II in Microdissected Nuclei from Adult wky and Sh Rat Brain

Levels of immunoreactive angiotensin II (ANG II) were measured by radioimmunoassay in microdissected nuclei from the brain of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and its normotensive control, the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY). The nuclei assayed included the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMN of X) and the Al region of the medulla. Sections of cerebral and cerebellar cortex were used as controls. Levels of immunoreactive ANG II ranged from 0.24 nmoles/g protein to 0.93 nmoles/g protein, with SHR brain containing significantly higher levels than WKY brain in the PVH and NTS. higher levels of immunoreactive ANG I1 than WKY brain, the difference was not significant. the A1 region between the two species, and no detectable ANG I1 immunoreactivity was found in cerebral or cerebellar cortex. Since each of the nuclei studied has been implicated in the neural control of cardiovascular function, the increased levels of immunoreactive ANG I1 in the SH rat brain nuclei indicates a possible role for ANG I 1 in the pathophysiology of hypertension in the SHR model. Although LC and DMN of X in the SHR brain contained No significant difference was found in     

Sol Particle Immunoassay (SPIA)

We describe the use of inorganic (metal) colloidal particles as a label for immunoassays. Dose-response curves for human placental lactogen (HPL) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were obtained with sandwich immunoassays, using conjugates consisting of antibody-coated colloidal gold or silver particles. Several techniques were used to measure the amount of bound conjugate, viz. colorimetry and carbon rod atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CRAAS). At higher antigen concentrations the results of the assay could be read by the naked eye.

Using gold particles as label and CRAAS as detection method, we found a detection limit for a sandwich HPL sol particle immunoassay (SPIA) of 1,4 pmol/l, which was equal to that of an optimalized competitive radioimmunoassay. When using a colorimeter the detection limit for HPL of this SPIA was 5,4 pmol/l, which was superior to that of a corresponding sandwich enzyme-immunoassay (EIA). HPL and HCG were also simultaneously determined, using micro-titration plates, coated with a mixture of anti-HPL and anti-HCG, and a mixture of silver particle anti-HPL conjugate and gold particle anti-HCG conjugate. CRAAS was used to measure the bound amount of silver and gold conjugate. This simultaneous assay requires more work in order to obtain better sensitivities.     

Preparation and development of solid phase radioimmunoassay system for determination of cortisol

The goal of this article was oriented to prepare stable polystyrene coated tubes for direct radioimmunoassay (RIA) of human cortisol. Coating process was performed using rabbit polyclonal antisera specific for cortisol. The stability study showed that these tubes could be stored for up to one year at 4ºC without any appreciable reduction in their binding. Labeling of cortisol was carried out using chloramin-T method and the ¹²⁵I-cortisol tracer was purified using HPLC column. Preparation of polyclonal antibodies (anti-cortisol) was carried out in host rabbit animals against cortisol-21-hemisuccinate:Bovine serum albumin conjugate. The statistical analysis revealed good correlations between the results from the present study and the commercial IZOTOP RIA kit. The local may be extremely helpful in diagnosis and proper management of adrenal cortex disorders.     

Radioimmunoassay of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): Consideration of the results of two methods

Summary The two methods used to analyze 384 plasma samples were the carcinoembryonic antigen test (CRT) performed at the Roche laboratories and the direct radioimmunoassay plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (DRPC) technique. The first test, which is quantitative, gave many false positives below the 5 ng/ml level (also when used in a larger series of 4,628 subjects), thus invalidating its use for detection of gastrointestinal neoplasms. The DRPC technique was positive in 62.3 % of 101 cases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and gave very few false positives.     

血清β-HCG和P联合检测在早期异位妊娠诊断中的价值

为探讨联合检测血清β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素β-HCG和孕酮（P）在早期异位妊娠诊断及保守治疗中的价值,采用放射免疫分析法测定324例早期异位妊娠患者血清β-HCG和P水平,并与146名早期正常妊娠者作对照,比较保守治疗前后血清β-HCG和P水平的变化,观察治疗成功组患者血清β-HCG和P水平下降至正常范围内所需要的时间。结果显示,异位妊娠组血清β-HCG和P水平低于宫内妊娠组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;保守治疗成功组和失败组血清β-HCG下降幅度的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但P下降幅度的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;保守治疗成功组和失败组对比,血清P比β-HCG更快下降至正常水平。因此,联合检测血清β-HCG和P可辅助确诊早期异位妊娠,为患者赢得治疗时机的同时对预后监测也具有临床意义。动态血清P测定可作为一种优于血清β-HCG的预测异位妊娠保守治疗效果的检测手段。     

Problems with measuring peripheral oxytocin: Can the data on oxytocin and human behavior be trusted?

Research on the neurobiological and behavioral effects of oxytocin (OT), as well as on its possible therapeutic applications, has intensified in the past decade. Accurate determination of peripheral OT levels is essential to reach meaningful conclusions and to motivate, support and inform clinical interventions. Different, but concordant, methods for measuring plasma OT have been developed over the past four decades, but since 2004 several commercially available methods have been favored in research with humans. Evaluation of these methods reveals that they lack reliability when used on unextracted samples of human fluids, and that they tag molecules in addition to OT, yielding estimates that are wildly discrepant with an extensive body of earlier findings that were obtained using methods that are well validated, but more laborious. An accurate, specific, and readily available method for measuring OT that can be adopted as the standard in the field is urgently needed for advances in our understanding of OT's roles in cognition and behavior.