微小RNA在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展

皮肤鳞状细胞癌(cSCC)是角质形成细胞来源的恶性肿瘤之一。转录组是特定条件下细胞内全部转录产物的总和,包括编码mRNA和非编码RNA。研究发现,与正常细胞相比,鳞癌细胞在基因转录水平和模式上存在很大差异,具有不同转录表达谱。微小RNA(miRNA)可通过抑制转录产物的翻译,从而调控靶基因的表达,影响cSCC细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等病理过程。越来越多的研究表明,miRNAs作为cSCC诊断、预测预后和治疗靶点的生物标志物,在临床上具有广阔的应用前景。本文通过回顾分析cSCC的miRNA表达谱,主要对其中经实验证实表达上调和下调的miRNAs在cSCC中的研究进展作一综述。     

RRS1对皮肤鳞状细胞癌细胞增殖、转移和侵袭的影响

目的：明确RRS1(核糖体合成调节因子1)对皮肤鳞状细胞癌(cSCC)细胞增殖、转移和侵袭的影响。方法：通过免疫组化和GEO数据库明确RRS1在cSCC与正常皮肤中表达的差异。慢病毒感染法建立RRS1敲低的cSCC细胞系SCL-1细胞。MTT实验、Celigo划痕实验、Transwell实验研究RRS1敲低后SCL-1细胞增殖、转移和侵袭性的变化。QRT-PCR法检测增殖、转移和侵袭相关基因表达。结果：RRS1在cSCC细胞中表达量明显高于正常皮肤,RRS1敲低后SCL-1细胞增殖、转移和侵袭性均降低。RRS1敲低后,增殖相关基因FGF2,AREG,cyclin E1显著降低。转移和侵袭相关基因VIM,CXCL1,CXCL3,CXCL8,MMP1表达显著降低。 结论：RRS1可能参与了cSCC细胞的增殖、转移和侵袭过程。     

Review: PD-L1 as an emerging target in the treatment and prevention of keratinocytic skin cancer

Recent advances in the understanding and targeting of immune checkpoints have led to great progress in immune therapies against many forms of cancer. While many types of immune checkpoints are currently targeted in the clinic, this review will focus on recent research implicating the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis as an emerging focus for the treatment of keratinocytic tumors. PD-L1 is of particular interest in nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), as it is not only upregulated in these tumors but is stimulated by environmental ultraviolet exposure. This response may also make PD-L1 an excellent target for photochemoprevention using topically applied small molecule inhibitors. Here, we summarize recent investigations on PD-L1 expression and clinically relevant immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, as well as small molecule agents targeting PD-L1 that may be useful for clinical development aiming at treatment or prevention of NMSC.