小叶丁香化学成分的研究(Ⅰ)

目的 对小叶丁香Syringa pubescens的化学成分进行研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化。通过光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果 首次从小叶丁香的乙醇提取物中分得4个化合物，并鉴定为橄榄苦苷（oleuropein,I），10-羟基橄榄苦苷（10-hydroxyoleuropein,Ⅱ）,oleoside-11-methyl ester,Ⅲ及2-（3，4-二羟基苯基）乙醇[2-（3，4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol,Ⅳ]。结论 4种化合物均为首次从该种植物中分得的裂环环烯醚萜苷类化合物。     

New secoiridoids from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum

Three new secoiridoids, nuezhenelenoliciside (1), isojaslanceoside B (2), 6′-O-trans-cinnamoyl-secologanoside (3), were isolated from the dried fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Among them, 1 featured a rare rearrangement product of secoiridoid, which underwent the cleavage of chemical bond between C-1 and O-2, and the reformation of a new iridoid ring between C-8 and O-2. In addition, all compounds were tested for their osteogenic activity on pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. As a result, 1 and 3 exhibited potent effects on promoting cell proliferation of pre-osteoblast cells.     

Lignan glycosides from the leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Osmanthus heterophyllus</Emphasis>

Seven known lignan glycosides were isolated from the leaves of Osmanthus heterophyllus: (+)-syringaresinol 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, (+)-syringaresinol 4, 4′-O-di-β-d-glucopyranoside, (+)-medioresinol 4, 4′-O-di-β-d-glucopyranoside, (+)-medioresinol 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, (+)-pinoresinol 4, 4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, (+)-epipinoresinol 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and phillyrin. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data.     

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn—A critical ethnopharmacological review

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Oleaceae) is a mythological plant; has high medicinal values in Ayurveda. The popular medicinal use of this plant are anti-helminthic and anti-pyretic besides its use as a laxative, in rheumatism, skin ailments and as a sedative. Vitally, the natives plant it in their home gardens to pass on its medicinal usage to oncoming generations.

Aim of the review

The present review encompasses an ethnopharmacological evaluation focusing on information on the chemical constituents, pharmacological actions and toxicology in order to reveal the therapeutic potential and gaps requiring research involvement.

Materials and methods

The present review is based on searches in Scifinder^®, Pubmed (National Library of Medicine) and books published on the subject during the period 1933 to 2012.

Results

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is most important in local and traditional medicines especially in India for treating intermittent fevers, arthritis and obstinate sciatica. Crude extracts and isolated compounds from the plant were shown to be pharmacologically active against inflammation, malaria, viral infection, leishmanisis and as an immunostimulant. The major class of biologically active compounds are the iridoid glucosides incl., Arbortristoside A, B and C from the seeds active as anticancer, anti-leishmania, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory and antiviral. Other molecules; calceolarioside A, 4-hydroxyhexahydrobenzofuran-7one and β-sitosterol from leaves have been reported to be active as anti-leishmanial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory, respectively. The crude extracts have been found to be safe with an LD₅₀ of 16 gm/kg, while the LD₅₀ of arbortristoside-A isolated from the seeds was found to be 0.5 g/kg.

Conclusion

Mostly in-vitro or in some cases in-vivo models provide some evidence especially in the treatment of inflammatory conditions like arthritis, fevers related to malaria and protozoan diseases especially leishmaniasis. The only clinical study found, is for treating malaria, but with crude extract only. Further, more detailed safety data pertaining to the acute and sub-acute toxicity, cardio and immunotoxicity also needs to be generated for crude extracts or pure compounds.     

经典名方中连翘的本草考证

通过查阅历代相关本草、医籍和方书，笔者对经典名方中所用连翘的名称、基原、药用部位、商品规格、性味功效、产地、品质评价及采收加工方法等进行了本草考证，结果表明连翘药材在宋代以前来源为藤黄科湖南连翘Hypericum ascyron及其同属多种植物，多部位入药；宋朝以后转为木犀科连翘Forsythia suspensa的果实。从明代开始，根据采收时间不同，连翘分为青翘和老翘2个规格和2个用法。根据考证结果，建议在经典名方开发过程中对连翘运用时参考以下意见：①明清以来经典名方选择木犀科连翘作为基原；②方剂出处若无特殊要求，建议明清以来经典名方中选用老翘；③无论用青翘还是老翘，青翘采收时间应该是在阳历7月下旬至8月上旬，老翘则在9月份期间采收连翘果实后去子用壳。     

黔产木犀科苦丁茶及加工品中槲皮素的含量测定

目的测定黔产木犀科苦丁茶及加工品中槲皮素的含量,为其质量分析提供科学依据。方法以槲皮素为对照品,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定。结果各种加工品中槲皮素的含量差异性较大,最高的为1950．4μg／g,最低的为332．4μg／g。结论HPLC法稳定可靠,可作为黔产木犀科苦丁茶及加工品的质量控制方法之一。     

气相色谱法测定女贞子中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量

目的 :探求用毛细管气相色谱法测定女贞子中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量。方法 :取女贞子氯仿提取液 ,挥干 ,甲醇溶解经甲酯化后 ,进样分析。色谱条件 :HP 1毛细管柱 (2 5m× 0 .3 2mm ,0 .5 2μm) ,柱温 2 80 °C ,氮气为载气 ,氢火焰检测器。结果 :齐墩果酸和熊果酸的线性良好 ,回收率分别为(1 0 0 .6± 1 .9) % ,(99.8± 2 .1 ) %。结论 :气相色谱法可以作为女贞子药材的质量检测方法     

决明子蒽醌类化学成分研究

决明子为豆科植物决明 Cassia obtusifolia L.或小决明 C.tora L.的干燥成熟种子 ,为临床常用中药。现代研究证明决明子具有降血压 ,调血脂 ,保肝及抑菌等活性 ,同时又可作为食品 ,是保健饮料的良好原料。决明子在我国资源丰富 ,不仅具有广泛的药用价值 ,而且还是一味较好的保健药品 ,对许多疾病均有较好的治疗作用。但其有效成分和作用机制并不十分清楚 ,所以深入研究其有效成分 ,对进一步开发利用决明子具有重要的意义。作者对其化学成分进行了系统研究 ,从中得到6个蒽酯类化合物 ,通过化学和波谱分析 ,分别鉴定为大黄酚 ( chrysophanol…     

Privet pollen (Ligustrum sp.) as potential cause of pollinosis in the city of Cordoba, south-west Spain

BACKGROUND: Privet pollen rarely accounts for more than 1% of the annual total of daily pollen concentrations measured in a city; however in areas where these trees are widely used as ornamentals the amounts collected may be high enough to cause allergy symptoms. METHODS: Air samples taken with volumetric particle samplers Lanzoni VPPS 1000 (Lanzoni s.r.l., Bologna, Italy) show that there are differences in privet pollen concentrations measured in neighbourhoods with a high incidence of privet trees and in those taken at some distance from the source of emission. RESULTS: The results suggest that differences are due to the short dispersal range of the pollen grains once released from the plant, resulting from both the entomophilous nature of the plant and the large size of the pollen grains. Urban design, moreover, may play an important role in impeding pollen grain dispersion if the air cannot flow freely through long, narrow avenues. Another important consideration is that the last stages of the flowering period of privet overlaps with the flowering period of olive trees, the main allergen in the area. The fact that the two pollen types share common allergens means that there may be a cross-reaction between olive tree pollen and privet pollen. CONCLUSIONS: Privet pollen should be considered as a potential causative agent of local allergy problems in areas where its presence is extensive and is in combination with other allergens.     

黄红钻乙酸乙酯萃取部位化学成分分离鉴定

目的:研究"钻类"瑶族药"十八钻"之一的黄红钻乙酸乙酯萃取部位的化学成分。方法:黄红钻干燥药材经粉碎,用70%乙醇水进行回流提取,得到粗提物,粗提物加适量的水分散,分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,对其中乙酸乙酯萃取部位采用反复硅胶柱色谱法、高效制备液相进行分离纯化,通过化合物的谱学数据分析(包括1H-NMR,13C-NMR,MS),以及比对文献数据进行结构鉴定及确证。结果:从黄红钻乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离出11个化合物,分别鉴定为对羟基苯甲醛(1),香草醛(2),松柏醛(3),4-羟基苯乙基乙酸酯(4),反式肉桂酸(5),反式阿魏酸(6),丁香酸乙酯(7),4-羟基-3,5二甲氧基苯甲醛(8),反式阿魏酸乙酯(9),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸乙酯(10),邻苯二甲酸-二(2-乙基-己基)酯(11)。结论:从黄红钻中分离得到的化合物大部分为小分子的酚酸类化合物,且所有的化合物均为从黄红钻中首次分离得到。以上结果为黄红钻药效物质基础的研究提供了依据。