Measure of association between selenium status and sepsis in cattle

Odds ratio was used to evaluate relationship between sepsis in cattle less than 1 year old and mastitis in cows and erythrocyte glutathione peroxides (GSH-PX) activity as an indicator of selenium status. Data were from 178 blood samples collected from referred cases to Urmia University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Low activity of GSH-PX was significantly associated with higher odds of developing sepsis (P=0.005) in young cattle and mastitis (P=0.044) in adult cows. The odds ratios for the low activity of GSH-PX on incidence of sepsis and mastitis were 4.74 and 3.95, respectively. Selenium deficiency was associated with sepsis in young cattle and mastitis in cows, i.e., cattle with low activity of erythrocyte GSH-PX were at increased risk of sepsis and mastitis.     

Hemagglutination by Staphylococcus aureus strains responsible for human bacteremia or bovine mastitis

Although hemagglutination by Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis, this trait has not been characterized with regard to human disease. In this study, the prevalence of hemagglutination in 100 strains of S. aureus responsible for bovine mastitis or human bacteremia, was characterized. Under optimum conditions hemagglutination was noted in 23% of the bovine strains, but only 13% of human strains, leading us to conclude that this trait is not a significant virulence determinant in human systemic infection. Additional studies indicate the hemagglutinin of S. aureus strains responsible for human bacteremia is proteinaceous in character.     

产褥期乳腺炎影响因素分析

目的探讨导致产妇发生产褥期乳腺炎(PM)的影响因素。 方法选择2020年9月1日至12月31日,在成都市某三甲妇女儿童医院分娩,并进行产后42 d随访的1 162例产妇为研究对象。根据产妇产后42 d内是否发生PM,将其分为PM组(n＝103)与对照组(n＝1 059)。采用本研究自行设计的《产褥期乳腺炎相关影响因素调查问卷》(以下简称为《调查问卷》),联合《中国简式心理状态剖面图(POMS)量表》(以下简称为《POMS量表》),分别对2组产妇进行调查。《调查问卷》内容主要包括产妇一般人口学资料、妊娠及疾病、药物使用、母乳喂养、饮食及生活习惯等10个维度,共计50个条目。《POMS量表》包括心理焦虑等7个维度,共计40个条目。对2组产妇《调查问卷》条目及《POMS量表》评分,采用独立样本t检验、χ²检验及Fisher确切概率法等进行统计学比较。本研究遵循的程序符合病例收集医院医学伦理委员会要求,经过该伦理委员会批准[审批文号：科研伦审2021(29)],并与研究对象签署临床研究知情同意书。2组产妇的年龄等一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结果①本研究纳入产妇的PM发生率为8.9%(103/1 162),产后第3、4周PM发生率最高,分别为2.7%(31/1 162)与2.4%(28/1 162)。②本研究2组产妇围生期补充铁剂及口服益生菌占比,乳头皲裂程度、吸奶器使用时间及频率、乳头保护罩与乳头保护霜使用频率构成比,哺乳衔接姿势正确率,哺乳时乳房疼痛程度、哺乳内衣穿戴率等分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③PM组产妇《POMS量表》焦虑评分为(7.1±5.0)分,显著高于对照组的(5.3±4.1)分,并且差异有统计学意义(t＝-3.540、P＝0.001)。④将上述影响产妇发生PM的单因素分析中差异有统计学意义因素,并结合已有研究结果与临床经验,纳入10项影响因素,进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,产妇围生期补充铁剂(OR＝3.351,95%CI：1.949~5.758,P<0.001),乳头皲裂(OR＝3.564,95%CI：1.909~6.654,P<0.001),吸奶器使用频率>1次/d(OR＝5.102,95%CI：1.047~24.876,P＝0.044),乳头保护霜使用频率>1次/d(OR＝2.147,95%CI：1.156~3.987,P＝0.016),哺乳衔接姿势不正确(OR＝2.311,95%CI：1.202~4.445,P＝0.012),穿戴不舒适哺乳内衣(OR＝2.322,95%CI：1.008~5.347,P＝0.048),不穿戴哺乳内衣(OR＝3.516,95%CI：1.821~6.789,P<0.001),焦虑评分高(OR＝1.073,95%CI：1.007~1.143,P＝0.029),均为导致产妇发生PM的独立危险因素;而围生期口服益生菌(OR＝0.110,95%CI：0.025~0.478,P＝0.003)是其独立保护因素。 结论通过制定临床干预措施,指导产褥期产妇纠正不正确行为,如围生期补充铁剂、吸奶器与乳头保护霜使用不当,哺乳内衣穿戴及哺乳行为不规范等,提倡产妇围生期口服益生菌,缓解产妇焦虑情绪,对预防产妇PM发生具有重要意义。     

肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎诊治湖南专家共识（2021版）

肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎（GLM）是一种临床上较少见的乳腺慢性炎性疾病,近几年发病率有明显上升趋势。但由于其病因不明、临床医师对该病认识不足,从而导致目前对该病的误诊率较高,特别是治疗不规范、效果欠佳,且病情易反复发作致迁延不愈,俗称“炎症中的癌症”。为此,湖南省健康管理学会乳腺甲状腺健康管理专业委员会、湖南省医学会普通外科学专业委员会乳腺甲状腺外科学组、湖南省预防医学会乳腺疾病防治专业委员会、湖南省中医药和中西结合学会外科专业委员会、湖南乳甲外科联盟5个学术机构,联合省内从事该领域相关专家,就GLM诊治相关内容,多次在线上和线下进行充分研讨,力求不断完善,基本达成共识,共同制定《肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎诊治湖南专家共识（2021版）》。     

Development of a single-dose recombinant CAMP factor entrapping poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres-based vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae

Streptococcus agalactiae is an important contagious bovine mastitis pathogen. Although it is well controlled and even eradicated in most Northern European and North American dairy herds, the prevalence of this pathogen remains very high in China. However, research on development of a vaccine against S. agalactiae mastitis is scarce. The aims of the present study were to: (1) develop a single-dose vaccine against S. agalactiae based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (MS) encapsulated CAMP factor, a conserved virulent protein encoded by S. agalactiae’s cfb gene; and (2) evaluate its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a mouse model. The cfb gene was cloned and expressed in a recombinant Escherichia coli strain Trans1-T1. The CAMP factor was tested to determine a safe dose range and then encapsulated in MS of PLGA (50:50) to assess its release pattern in vitro and immune reaction in vivo. Furthermore, a mouse model and a histopathological assay were developed to evaluate bacterial burden and vaccine efficacy. In the low dosage range (<100 μg), CAMP factor had no obvious toxicity in mice. The release pattern in vitro was characterized by an initial burst release (44%), followed by a sustained and slower release over 7 wk. In mice immunized with either pure CAMP factor protein or PLGA-CAMP, increased antibody titers were detected in the first 2 wk, whereas only PLGA-CAMP immunization induced a sustained increase of antibody titers. In mice vaccinated with PLGA-CAMP, mortality and bacteria counts were lower (compared to a control group) after S. agalactiae challenge. Additionally, no pathological lesions were detected in the vaccinated group. Therefore, PLGA-CAMP conferred protective efficacy against S. agalactiae in our mouse model, indicating its potential as a vaccine against S. agalactiae mastitis. Furthermore, the slow-release kinetics of PLGA MS warranted optimism for development of a single-dose vaccine.     

Antibiotic susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae species isolated from mastitic milk in Algeria

ObjectiveTo determine: species distribution of 35 Enterobacteriaceae isolates involved in bovine mastitis; and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of all isolates from geographical areas in Algeria.MethodsEnterobacteriaceae species identification was performed based on conventional biochemical techniques and using the API 20 E test. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines (NCCLS). In total, 35 Enterobacteriaceae species: Escherichia coli (E. coli) (n=5), Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) (n=5), Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) (n=4), Klebsiella ornithinolytica (K. ornithinolytica) (n=4), Kluyvera spp (n=4), and Hafnia alvei (H. alvei) (n=3), were the most commonly identified. Enterobacteriaceae isolates were the most resistance to Amoxicillin+Clavulanic Acid (74.28%), Ampicillin (28.57%) and Amoxicillin (28.57%) followed by Tetracycline (20%) and Céfodiazin (14.7%).ConclusionsWe conclude that Enterobacteriaceae species from bovine milk presented significantly distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles, evaluated by phenotypic test, which has implications for treatment and management decisions.     

Morin alleviates LPS-induced mastitis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT,MAPK, NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathway and protecting the integrity of blood-milk barrier

Mastitis is a common veterinary clinical disease that restricts the development of dairy farming around the world. Morin, extracted from Mulberry Tree and other herbs, has been reported to possess the function of anti-bacteria, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. However, whether morin could protect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse mastitis in vivo has not well known. This study firstly aims to evaluate the effects of morin on LPS-induced mouse mastitis in vivo, and then try to illustrate the mechanism involved in the process. Before injected with LPS, mice were intraperitoneally pre-injected with different concentrations of morin, and mice of the control and LPS group were injected with the same amount of saline. Pathologic changes of mammary gland were determined by histopathological examination. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities of mammary gland were determined by the MPO kits. The mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and those of chemokine factors CCL2 and CXCL2, and those of tight junctions occludin claudin-3 were examined by qRT-PCR analysis. The activities of IκB, p65, ERK, P38, AKT, PI3K, NLPR3, claudin-1, claudin-3 and occludin were determined by western blotting. The results showed that morin alleviated LPS-induced edema, destructed structures and infiltrated inflammatory cells of mammary gland. Morin administration significantly decreased LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2 and CXCL2 mRNA expressions. Furthermore, western blot analysis also showed that morin significantly reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65, IκB, p38 and ERK, and enhanced LPS-induced phosphorylation of AKT and PI3K. It was also found that LPS-decreased claudin-3 and occludin expressions were also inhibited by morin treatment. In summary, above results suggest that morin indeed protect LPS-induced mouse mastitis in vivo, and the mechanism was through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways and protecting the integrity of blood-milk barrier by regulating the tight junction proteins expressions.     

七步理疗法在哺乳期乳腺炎治疗中的应用分析

目的探讨七步理疗法对哺乳期乳腺炎疼痛及泌乳量的影响。方法选取120例哺乳期乳腺炎患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组患者均接受常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上接受七步理疗法治疗。比较两组患者临床症状及体征、实验室指标、临床疗效、泌乳情况、并发症发生情况及视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分。结果治疗前,两组患者肿块大小分级情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者者肿块大小分级情况显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、C反应蛋白水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、C反应蛋白水平均低于治疗前,且观察组患者的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比、C反应蛋白水平均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的临床总有效率为95.00%,显著高于对照组的80.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的乳汁充足率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的乳汁充足率65.00%高于对照组的40.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的并发症发生率为1.67%,低于对照组的15.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的VAS评分(21.47±2.28)分,显著低于对照组的(36.58±2.14)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论七步理疗法治疗哺乳期乳腺炎能显著改善患者疼痛,增加泌乳量,减少炎症及并发症,提高临床疗效。     

低频脉冲电刺激治疗产褥期乳腺炎55例疗效观察

目的探讨低频脉冲电刺激对产褥期妇女急性乳腺炎的疗效。方法选择产褥期乳腺炎患者110例,随机分为综合治疗组和对照组,各55例。对照组采用常规疗法,综合治疗组在常规疗法基础上采用低频脉冲电刺激,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果两组患者疗效间差异有显著性意义(P<0·05);两组患者平均治疗天数间差异亦有显著性意义(P<0·01)。结论运用低频脉冲电刺激治疗产褥期乳腺炎效果明显,值得在临床推广。     

浆细胞性乳腺炎X线表现

目的 提高对浆细胞性乳腺炎X线表现的认识。方法 回顾分析14例浆细胞性乳腺炎的X线表现。结果 浆细胞性乳腺炎X线表现为乳腺肿块5例，乳晕皮肤增厚伴导管增粗5例，云絮状阴影4例。结论 浆细胞性乳腺炎X线表现有一定特征，且不同于乳腺癌，结合临床可正确诊断。