劳动姿势对流量－容积曲线的影响─—波速学说的进一步验证

用“点值法”对健康工人４７３例［轻体力劳动工人（简称轻工）２４８例，重体力劳动工人（简称重工）２２５例］。作了流量一容积曲线和常规通气功能检查。结果表明：重工男女在４０岁以后其高肺容积流量下降，３０岁以后低肺容积流量上升，而且这些改变有随年龄增长而更加明显的倾向；轻工仅有个别年龄组的低肺容积流量上升。对７名健康坐位工作者模拟劳动的前倾姿势作多次通气功能检查，亦有明显高肺容积流量下降和低肺容积流量上升的现象，这一事实提示波速学说亦可应用于颈和躯干前倾进行重体力劳动工人的通气行为。     

广州市海珠区桑拿按摩从业人员艾滋病相关知识调查

目的了解桑拿按摩行业对艾滋病知识知晓情况,以便有针对性地进行健康教育。方法2004年11月对海珠区部分桑拿按摩行业从业人员进行不记名自填式答卷方式,对桑拿按摩从业人员进行艾滋病相关知识调查。结果176名桑拿按摩从业人员对艾滋病相关知识知晓率平均达到51.2%;对艾滋病传播途径了解率较高,知晓率超过50%的项目从高到低依次为:性交、共用注射器针头、母婴传播、接受输血及血液制品等。但被调查者对蚊虫叮咬、共用马桶等传播途径仍然存在误解。结论桑拿按摩从业人员对预防艾滋病知识有所了解,获得艾滋病有关知识的信息渠道主要是报纸、科普宣传栏和板报、电影电视。但还需加大防治工作的力度,加强宣传和健康教育,做好干预工作,阻断艾滋病病毒性传播的环节。     

Learning about Practice from Practice: A Peer-based Methodology

A recommendation from the Social Work Task Force was that all employers of social workers should conduct a regular “health check” of the social work profession to learn from practice as part of a continuous cycle of improvement. This article documents how the London Borough of Tower Hamlets has gone about this. I describe the methodological and practical pathway we followed so that others can see what we did and why we did it. Like other busy social work offices, we had to set out a plan of methodological action in order that we achieved the learning from practice to inform our health check, and it is the planning work that is engaged with in this article. We have found that by involving and engaging our staff in the health check work, we have gained more than we had set out to find. An organisational commitment to act on what social workers have told us about practice is offering the senior management team new ideas about the best ways of delivering professional and reflective support mechanisms for staff. Learning from practice is now one of the core functions for the new Principal Social Worker.     

社工介入在社区老年人卫生服务中的作用研究

目的：研究社工与社区卫生服务机构结合的模式在社区老年人医疗卫生服务中所起的作用。方法在2012年10月～2014年3月之间选取本市5个社区的180位年龄在65岁及以上的老年人为调查对象进行老年人健康状况和社区老年人卫生服务满意度的问卷调查。结果社区老年人的健康状况总体不佳。对社区老年人卫生服务的满意度调查显示他们对健康监测类最满意，其次是临床治疗类，最后是健康指导类。满意度总体上处于中等水平，社工的作用在一些社区卫生服务项目上作用比较显著，而在另一些项目上则还比较差。结论社工与社区卫生服务机构结合的模式在社区老年人卫生服务方面所起的作用还是比较明显的，基本上可以满足老年人的需求，值得继续改进和完善，从而在将来的老龄化社会中发挥更大的作用。     

Organisational Factors of Occupational Accidents with Movement Disturbance (OAMD) and Prevention

Workplace design and upkeep, or human factors, are frequently advanced for explaining so-called Occupational Slip, Trip and Fall Accidents (OSTFAs). Despite scientific progress, these accidents, and more broadly Occupational Accidents with Movement Disturbance (OAMDs), are also commonly considered to be “simple”. This paper aims to stimulate changes in such perceptions by focusing on organisational factors that often combine with other accident factors to cause movement disturbance and injury in work situations. These factors frequently lead to arbitration between production and safety, which involves implementation of controls by workers. These controls can lead to greater worker exposure to OAMD risk. We propose a model that focuses on such controls to account specifically for the need to confront production and safety logics within a company and to enhance the potential for appropriate prevention action. These are then integrated into the set of controls highlighted by work organisation model developed by the NIOSH.     

成都飞机制造厂工人睡眠质量和生存质量相关性分析

[目的]研究成都飞机制造厂工人的睡眠质量、生存质量以及二者的相关性.[方法]采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和生存质量量表(SF-36)对成都飞机制造厂工人进行睡眠质量和生存质量调查.[结果]睡眠质量总分平均4.57±2.74,睡眠质量差的(PSQI>7)有102人,占13.7%.睡眠不佳主要体现在主观睡眠质量、睡眠紊乱、白天功能紊乱、入睡时间4个因子方面,成飞制造厂工人的睡眠质量各因子评分与生存质量各维度评分呈负相关.[结论]睡眠质量可以影响生存质量,我们可以通过改善工人的睡眠质量来提高其生存质量.     

职业暴露对血站员工的危害及预防控制

血站员工由于工作的原因，每天面对和接触大量的不明原因的感染性病原体，尤其是采血护士、实验室人员、体检人员和医疗废物处理人员、供血、成分制备、包装及血液运输人员等。长期接触传染源，有很多难免的危险操作和意外暴露。有调查资料显示，大多数血站员工都有职业暴露的经历。80％的采血护士被针刺伤过，其中包括证实被带HBV利器刺伤者、被带HCV利器刺伤者和被HIV利器刺伤者。有国外数据显示，职业性意外刺伤后感染疾病的可能性分别是HBV6％～30％，HCV3％～10％，HIV0．4％。严峻形势警示：职业暴露正威胁着血站员工。本文就职业暴露对血站员工的危害及预防研究作如下综述。     

The health care system for female workers and its current status in Japan

In this paper we describe female workers' health care, the women's and maternal protection system within the Japanese legal system, the current status of female workers in Japan, and problems regarding methods of advancing health care and the women's or maternal protection system. Motherhood is respected in the workplace in Japan, and in order to provide an environment in which women can work and still bear and rear children with a sense of security, laws concerning maternal protection of female workers, and revisions in terms of the system have been made, and a new system has been in effect since the fiscal year of 1998. Nevertheless, gender discrimination against women and the disparagement of women, rooted in gender role stereotypes concerning the division of labor, remain firmly planted in the social environment and in long-established custom. Received: 20 February 2000 / Accepted: 10 June 2000