人血清中全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物污染现状

目的 了解我国一般人群体内的全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)负荷水平。方法 采用液相色谱／质谱仪联机选择性监测离子法(m／z=499)，测定被调查血清中PFOS浓度。结果 男女血清中PFOS浓度几何均数分别为40．73和45．46μg／L，血清PFOS浓度与年龄无关。结论 我国一般人群体内也存在PFOS污染物，而且血清PFOS浓度高于美国人和日本人水平。     

Biochemical characterization of I-Ak proteins from mutant antigen-presenting B-cell--B-lymphoma hybridomas

Chemically induced mutants of an I-Ak,d expressing antigen-presenting B-cell--B-lymphoma hybridoma have recently been generated by immunoselection in vitro and were found to possess alterations in some of their serologically and functionally defined I-Ak region dependent functions. In order to identify at the structural level the origin of the differences in serological and functional properties of these mutants, I-Ak molecules from several of these mutant hybridomas were compared biochemically to wild-type I-Ak polypeptides by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and high-pressure liquid chromatographic tryptic peptide analyses. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that no major structural alterations, resulting in changes in mol. wt or charge, had occurred in the Ak alpha or Ak beta polypeptides from the mutant cells. Likewise, Ak alpha peptide maps of the mutants were indistinguishable from the normal Ak alpha peptide maps. However, two of the three mutants studied did exhibit one additional peptide in their Ak beta peptide maps. These results suggest that the major deficiencies in T-cell-activating functions of these mutants are a result of a limited alteration in the Ak beta polypeptide primary structure.     

Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse. I: maternal and prenatal evaluations.

The maternal and developmental toxicities of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C8F17SO3-) were evaluated in the rat and mouse. PFOS is an environmentally persistent compound used as a surfactant and occurs as a degradation product of both perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride and substituted perfluorooctane sulfonamido components found in many commercial and consumer applications. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given 1, 2, 3, 5, or 10 mg/kg PFOS daily by gavage from gestational day (GD) 2 to GD 20; CD-1 mice were similarly treated with 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg PFOS from GD 1 to GD 17. Controls received 0.5% Tween-20 vehicle (1 ml/kg for rats and 10 ml/kg for mice). Maternal weight gain, food and water consumption, and serum chemistry were monitored. Rats were euthanized on GD 21 and mice on GD 18. PFOS levels in maternal serum and in maternal and fetal livers were determined. Maternal weight gains in both species were suppressed by PFOS in a dose-dependent manner, likely attributed to reduced food and water intake. Serum PFOS levels increased with dosage, and liver levels were approximately fourfold higher than serum. Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the PFOS-treated rat dams were significantly reduced as early as one week after chemical exposure, although no feedback response of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was observed. A similar pattern of reduction in T4 was also seen in the pregnant mice. Maternal serum triglycerides were significantly reduced, particularly in the high-dose groups, although cholesterol levels were not affected. In the mouse dams, PFOS produced a marked enlargement of the liver at 10 mg/kg and higher dosages. In the rat fetuses, PFOS was detected in the liver but at levels nearly half of those in the maternal counterparts, regardless of administered doses. In both rodent species, PFOS did not alter the numbers of implantations or live fetuses at term, although small deficits in fetal weight were noted in the rat. A host of birth defects, including cleft palate, anasarca, ventricular septal defect, and enlargement of the right atrium, were seen in both rats and mice, primarily in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dosage groups, respectively. Our results demonstrate both maternal and developmental toxicity of PFOS in the rat and mouse.     

四磺酸卟啉镁对小鼠Lewis肺癌的放射增敏效应

探讨四磺酸卟啉镁的放射增敏效应。材料与方法将荷Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌的Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠随机分为４组：对照组、单药组、单放组及用药加放射组。其中单药组和用药加放射组小鼠腹腔单次注射四磺酸卟啉镁１３．７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重，单放组和用药加放射组各分１０、１５、２０Ｇｙ３个剂量小组进行单次放射，每组各８只鼠，结果（１）当肿瘤体积达原照射体积４倍时，测得四磺酸卟啉镁的增敏比为１．４５～１．７０，平均１．５８。（２）各组小鼠生存时间无显著差异。结论四磺酸卟啉镁对Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌具有放射增敏效应。     

麦滋林颗粒剂中薁磺酸钠的HPLC测定

建立了反相离子对HPLC法测定麦滋林颗粒中薁磺酸钠含量.采用C18色谱柱,以乙腈-0.025mol/L磷酸氢二钠缓冲液(含四丁基硫酸氢铵0.01mol/L,磷酸调至pH7.0)(40:60)为流动相,检测波长为293nm.薁磺酸钠在12.5～112.5μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,方法平均回收率为101.1%.     

Application of LC/MS to determine specific activity variation in a series of sulfonamide tracers from the [35S]methane sulfonate reagent

The specific activities for a series of S‐35 tracers were found to vary from the decay‐corrected specific activity of the labeled reagent. If not known before the stock solution preparation and binding assay, this variation would have resulted in performing the assay at approximately two to three times over the targeted concentration, thereby leading to considerable error in the calculated binding and related conclusions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impaired liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy using the Pringle maneuver: Protective effect of mesna

Background and Aim: We investigated the role of the prophylactic administration of the antioxidant 2‐mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) on the hepatocyte‐regenerating capacity following partial hepatectomy (PH) with concurrent Pringle maneuver. Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to PH (70% hepatectomy), 30 min Pringle maneuver, PH plus Pringle with or without mesna pretreatment (400 mg/kg, per os, 3 h before Pringle), or sham operation. At 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 1 week after operation, relative liver weight, hepatocyte mitotic activity (mitotic index), the histopathological score and serum aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were assessed. At 1 h after operation, oxidative stress markers (glutathione to glutathione disulfide ratio, malondialdehyde concentration, and superoxide dismutase activity) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity were assessed. Results: Hepatectomy stimulated the regenerating process and induced mild oxidative stress and the activation of NF‐κB in hepatocytes, while causing tissue injury in the remnant liver. When PH was performed under Pringle maneuver, hepatocyte mitotic activity was substantially suppressed, although Pringle alone initiated a delayed regenerating response. Furthermore, Pringle maneuver deteriorated oxidative stress markers, markedly increased NF‐κB activity, and aggravated tissue injury, as compared to hepatectomy alone. Mesna pretreatment prevented the Pringle‐induced antimitotic effect and the induction of oxidative stress, inhibited the activation of NF‐κB, while attenuating liver injury after PH under Pringle. Conclusion: The excessive activation of NF‐κB is related to the suppression of hepatocyte‐regenerating activity following PH with concurrent liver ischemia. Mesna pretreatment protects the liver against the Pringle‐induced antimitotic effect after PH via the prevention of oxidative stress and the inhibition of NF‐κB activation.     

孕哺期大鼠全氟辛烷磺酸暴露对子代糖代谢的影响

[目的]探讨孕哺期全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)暴露对子代大鼠糖代谢的影响. [方法]将Wistar孕鼠自孕0天(GD0)随机分为对照组(0mg/kg)、低剂量组(0.6 mg/kg)和高剂量组(2mg/kg),每组10只;PFOS灌胃染毒至仔鼠出生后21天(PND21)断乳为止.采用高效液相/质谱法检测PND0、PND21时仔鼠血清PFOS含量;观察仔鼠体重变化趋势;比较9周龄和15周龄仔鼠空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平;检测仔鼠瘦素和抵抗素基因表达水平变化. [结果] PND21时低剂量组和高剂量组仔鼠血清中PFOS浓度分别为(16.00±1.27)mg/L和(80.54±6.55) mg/L(P＜0.05).低剂量组雌性仔鼠出生后8、9周龄和高剂量7～9周龄,低剂量组雄性仔鼠出生8～12周龄、高剂量7、8、10周龄的体重均明显低于对照组(均P＜ 0.05).高剂量组9周龄和低剂量组15周龄雌性仔鼠的胰岛素水平分别为(10.85±1.37)mU/L和(13.62±1.87) mU/L,均高于对照组(P＜0.05);高剂量组9周龄雄性仔鼠的空腹血糖和胰岛素水平分别为(5.43±0.77) mmol/L和(13.23±1.81)mU/L,15周龄雄性仔鼠低剂量组分别为(4.99±0.54) mmol/L和(13.57±1.22)mU/L,15周龄高剂量组分别为(5.71±0.56) mmol/L和(13.44±2.97)mU/L,均高于对照组(P＜0.05).高剂量组15周龄雄性仔鼠的抵抗素基因表达上调1.25±0.03(P＜ 0.05),瘦素基因表达下调0.67±0.08(P＜0.05). [结论]PFOS孕哺期暴露可能引起子代大鼠糖代谢异常,增加糖尿病患病风险.     

Adsorption behavior of fibrinogen to sulfonated polyethyleneoxide-grafted polyurethane surfaces

Fibrinogen adsorptions to surface modified polyurethanes (PU, PU-PEO, and PU-PEO-SO₃) were studied from plasma in vitro. PU and PU-PEO surfaces demonstrated that initial adsorption increases with increasing plasma concentration in kinetic profiles and adsorption time in adsorption profiles as a function of plasma concentration, but after the plateau is reached, its adsorption amount decreases as plasma concentration (0.2-2.0%) and adsorption time (1-120 min) increase, respectively. In contrast, PU-PEO-SO₃ showed that initial adsorption is almost same regardless of plasma concentration and adsorption time, which is due to the high affinity of surface sulfonate group to fibrinogen. All the surfaces indicated the Vroman effect at about 0.6% plasma concentration; however, the displacement was relatively low. Adsorbed amount of fibrinogen at steady state decreased in the order: PU > PU-PEO-SO₃ > PU-PEO, regardless of adsorption time and plasma concentration. The adsorption behavior of PU-PEO-SO₃ is attributed to both effect of low binding affinity of PEO chain and high affinity of pendant sulfonate group toward fibrinogen.