EVALUATION OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS OF RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of regularly used immunohistochemical markers, including Vimentin (Vim), Desmin (Des), Myoglobin (MG), Myosin (MS), Smooth-muscle actin (SMA) and Sarcomeric actin ( Sr-A ) , in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Methods After resection, 24 RMSs and other childhood tumor specimens were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and embeded in paraffin. The immunohistochemical staining was performed by LSAB procedure. Heat-induced epitope retrieval of Des, MS, Sr-A was processed in order to enhence positive rate and positive strength. Results Vim, MG, MS, Des, Sr-A, SMA were arranged in the order of sensitivity from higher to lower. About specificity, Sr-A, Des, SMA, MG, Vim standed in a sequence from higher to lower ( the data of MS is insufficient) ; Des, MG, Sr-A possessedhigher experimental efficiency, followed by SMA, Vim in a succession. Conclusion Vim and MG are of the higher sensitivity but lower specificity. On the reverse, Sr-A and Des hoM the better specificity but lower sensitivity. So the combination of multiple antibody reactions shouM be considered to improve the diagnostic ability in poorly differentiated RMS. According to the result of experimental efficiency, we suggest that the combination of Des, MG and Sr-A can make it possible to diagnose the majority of RMS clearly.     

颈前部皮神经构筑研究

目的　为研究皮肤疾病和损伤提供皮神经构筑资料。方法　用S 10 0蛋白免疫组化染色法研究正常成人颈前部胸锁乳突肌前、后缘皮肤各层内皮神经的数量、分布及构筑特点。结果　 ( 1)皮肤乳头层内皮神经的小分支多分布在皮突下和乳头内血管丛附近。 ( 2 )真皮网状层内神经多位于小血管附近和汗腺、皮脂腺以及毛囊周围 ,神经分支呈串珠状或波纹形。 ( 3 )皮下组织内神经干和神经网同时存在。结论　皮肤内感觉神经树的分布及构筑特点与血管树相似。     

Immunohistochemical localization of prostaglandin H synthase isoenzyme proteins in the gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis

Prostaglandins are inflammatory mediators that are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of periodontal disease. Prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS, EC 1.14.99.1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis. The enzyme exists as two separately encoded isoforms. PGHS-1 which is constitutively expressed and PGHS-2 which is induced by inflammatory stimuli. This is the first report describing the expression of the isoenzymes in gingival tissue from patients diagnosed with adult periodontitis. Tissue was fixed in an alcohol-based fixative and embedded in paraffin. Methods were developed using immunohistochemical controls, such that embedded sections could be processed and stained using isoform-specific antibodies and a peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry technique. Along with populations of mononuclear inflammatory cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, the gingival epithelial cell layer appears to be a rich and important source of prostaglandin production within the periodontium of patients with periodontitis as detected by this newly developed immunohistochemical staining technique for PGHS-1 and PGHS-2.     

连续切片加免疫组化染色法在乳腺癌微灶转移检测中的应用

目的：推荐一种检测恶性肿瘤微灶转移的方法。方法：应用连续切片的免疫组化法回顾研究50例乳腺癌的淋巴结微灶转移情况，将结果与常规病理切片法进行配对资料的卡方检验，并统计微灶转移率。结果：常规病理切片法的转移灶检出率为30％，连续切片的抗细胞角蛋白免疫组化法的转移灶检出率为50％，二者间差异有显著性。连续切片法发现的微灶转移率为28．5％。结论：对于肿瘤的微灶转移的发现，连续切片的的免疫组化法更有优势，它是一种敏感的检测微灶转移的方法。     

舌癌术前化疗PCNA、bcl-2、Bax基因表达及临床意义

目的 :通过舌癌术前化疗增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA )和细胞凋亡相关基因 bcl- 2、Bax表达的研究 ,探讨舌癌的化疗作用机制。 方法 :对舌乳头状瘤、舌癌和舌癌术前化疗标本共 34例 ,采用免疫组织化学染色技术——酶标链亲和素生物素法 (L SAB)染色并进行光镜下观察。结果:PCNA在舌癌中的表达最强 ,在舌癌术前化疗中的表达明显减弱 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其与舌乳头状瘤表达相似 (P >0 .0 5 )。 bcl- 2在舌癌术前化疗及舌乳头状瘤中低表达(P >0 .0 5 ) ,舌癌中表达明显增强 (P <0 .0 5 )。Bax在舌癌组和乳头状瘤组中表达有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :化疗药物抑制肿瘤生长的机制可能与抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和诱导肿瘤细胞程序性死亡有关 ,提示舌癌术前化疗对肿瘤的预后有重要意义。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术创面愈合机制的免疫组化实验

[目的]研究准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(1aser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)后角膜创面的愈合机制.[方法]对10只兔右眼施行IASIK手术,分别于术后1 d、1周、1个月、3个月和6个月取标本,应用病理学和免疫组化的方法研究及观察角膜基质成分的变化.[结果]LASIK后1周中央区角膜有少量的角膜细胞出现及产生少许Ⅲ型胶原及纤维连接蛋白,术后1～3个月时达高峰,6个月时明显减少.[结论]LASIK后,角膜愈合反应极轻,因而较少引起角膜混浊的发生.     

原发性星形细胞瘤中P16蛋白的表达及意义

目的 :检测 P16基因蛋白在原发性星形细胞瘤中的存在状况 ,以探讨不同病理类型的星形细胞瘤中 P16蛋白的表达及意义。方法 :S-P法对 10 2例 10 %甲醛液固定 ,石蜡包埋的星形细胞瘤标本进行免疫细胞化学检测 ,阳性细胞计数在光镜高倍视野(× 40 0 )下进行。结果 :低度恶性星形细胞瘤 ( WHO ～ )中 P16表达均为阳性 ,高度恶性星形细胞 ( WHO ～ )中阳性表达率为48.1%( P<0 .0 1)。结论 :P16蛋白参与星形细胞瘤增殖过程并影响其细胞分化 ;P16蛋白表达缺失可能是星形细胞瘤从低度恶性向高度恶性过度的重要因素之一。     

nm23-H_1基因与突变型P~(53)基因在人乳腺病变组织中的表达

目的观察７６例乳腺病变组织中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１及突变型Ｐ５３基因的表达情况,分析其与乳腺癌生物学行为及淋巴结转移的关系。方法应用ＳＰ免疫组织化学方法检测７６例乳腺病变组织中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１及突变型Ｐ５３蛋白表达。结果ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１基因在５６例乳腺癌中表达率为４４．６４％,１０例乳腺纤维瘤均阳性,１０例纤维囊性病９例阳性,后二者均高于乳腺癌中阳性率（Ｐ＜０．００５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;Ｐ５３在乳腺癌中阳性率３５．７１％,在所有良性乳腺疾患中均阴性（Ｐ＜０．０２５）。同时发现ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１表达与乳腺癌组织分化程度及淋巴结转移呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０２５,Ｐ＜０．０５）,与病理组织类型无关;Ｐ５３表达与乳腺癌淋巴转移正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与组织类型及分化程度无关;ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１与Ｐ５３表达呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）;另外,ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１表达缺失与Ｐ５３的阳性表达在乳腺癌淋巴结转移上有协同作用。结论ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１的表达缺失及Ｐ５３的阳性表达提示乳腺肿瘤恶性度高、淋巴转移潜能大,二者联合检测对乳腺癌患者预后的评价更为全面可靠。     

肝门部胆管癌中CD44v6的表达及意义

目的 探讨CD44v6与肝门部胆管癌发生的关系。方法 应用免疫组化S—P法研究13例肝门部胆管癌中CD44v6的表达。结果 CD44v6在正常胆管组织中无表达，在癌组织中的表达明显，且仅与病理分化有关。结论 CD44v6可能在肝门部胆管癌的发病机制中起一定作用。