Sensitization to human milk

Background Allergy to milk is one of the earliest manifestations of IgE‐mediated allergies and affects about 2.5% of newborn children. Several reports indicate that milk‐allergic patients may be sensitized also to human milk proteins. Objective To analyse the specificity and possible biological relevance of IgE reactivity to human milk antigens in milk‐allergic patients. Methods The specificity of IgE reactivity to cow's milk and human milk antigens was analysed with sera from milk‐allergic children and adults by IgE immunoblotting. IgE cross‐reactivity between milk antigens was studied by immunoblot inhibition experiments. That IgE reactivity to human milk antigens is not due to alloreactivity or due to the transmission of foreign antigens into mother's milk was demonstrated through the analysis of milk samples from genetically unrelated mothers before and after intake of dietary milk products. The biological relevance of IgE reactivity to human milk was confirmed by skin testing. Results IgE antibodies to human milk were found in more than 80% of the tested milk‐allergic patients. Cross‐reactive IgE‐reactive human antigens such as α‐lactalbumin and non‐cross‐reactive human milk antigens were identified. Immediate‐type skin reactions could be elicited with human milk samples in patients with IgE reactivity to human milk. Conclusion IgE reactivity to human milk in milk‐allergic patients can be due to cross‐ sensitization and genuine sensitization to human milk and may cause allergic symptoms. IgE‐mediated sensitization to human milk is common in milk‐allergic patients and may require diagnostic testing and monitoring.     

Allergy to nickel or cobalt: tolerance to nickel and cobalt samples in man and in the guinea pig allergic or sensitized to these metals

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in animals and humans sensitive to nickel or cobalt, the tolerance to manufactured metal samples of nickel and cobalt of a defined metallographic structure, plated or not with a layer of chrome or copper/chrome of a determined thickness. Under the defined experimental conditions, a guinea pig sensitized to one metal (nickel or cobalt) was intolerant to both metals (nickel and cobalt). A plating of chrome or copper/chrome did not act as a protection. In the human, it was not the same: the tolerance to metal samples was determined by the specific sensitivity. A plating of chrome or copper/chrome did not act as protection.     

大鼠前列腺炎模型中L6～S1背根神经节TRPV1和NGF的表达

目的观察大鼠前列腺炎疼痛模型中L6～S1节段背根神经节(DRG)瞬时感受器电位香草酸受体1(TRPV1)和神经生长因子(NGF)的表达变化。方法取30只SPF雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,分别设0、7、14d3个时相,共6组,每组5只,通过前列腺完全弗氏佐剂和生理盐水注射制作大鼠前列腺痛模型和对照组,解剖L6～S1节段DRG组织行蛋白质印迹和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测TRPV1和NGF的表达。结果慢性前列腺痛大鼠中L6～S1节段DRG的TRPV1和NGF表达在7d和14d高于对照组和0d组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);TRPV1表达在7d和14d组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);NGF表达14d低于7d(P<0.05)。结论慢性前列腺炎导致的跨器官痛觉致敏与腰骶段DRG神经元的TRPV1和NGF高表达密切相关。     

Concomitant positive patch test results with standard screening tray in North America 1985–1989

Responses to patch test substances may occur contemporaneously. Such simultaneous reactions may reflect concomitant sensitization to 2 dissimilar allergens to which concurrent exposure has taken place (e.g., ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and neomycin). It may occur when the individual has been exposed to only 1 of the substances and exhibits a response to other substances of similar chemical structure (i.e., cross-sensitization such as between para-phenylenediamine and benzocaine). Such simultaneous responses may also be chance occurrences, reflecting multiple sensitization or the result of altered response due to the "angry back syndrome". This investigation established that such concurrence of response is not uncommon and adds further documentation to the literature of these associations in patch test responses.     

Erythroderma due to ribostamycin

A 48-year-old man became erythrodermatous after intramuscular administration of ribostamycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic in the same family as neomycin. Patch tests were positive to ribostamycin and neomycin, as well as to mercurials. There was no mercurial preservative in the injection solution. A lymphocyte transformation test was positive for ribostamycin and tobramycin, but not for gentamycin. Diagnostic and structure-activity relationship aspects of the case are discussed.