Lobomycosis: a therapeutic challenge

Lobomycosis or lacaziosis is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection caused by Lacazia loboi. Most cases are restricted to tropical regions. Transmission is believed to occur through traumatic inoculation in the skin, mainly in exposed areas. It is characterized by keloid-like nodules. There are only a few hundred cases reported. The differential diagnoses include many skin conditions, and treatment is difficult. The reported case, initially diagnosed as keloid, proved to be refractory to surgical treatment alone. It was subsequently approached with extensive surgery, cryotherapy every three months and a combination of itraconazole and clofazimine for two years. No signs of clinical and histopathological activity were detected during follow-up.     

口腔颌面外科手术病人口腔感染的临床特点和危险因素分析

目的 探讨口腔颌面外科手术口腔感染的临床特点和相关因素,并分析护理效果。方法 收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院2015年1—12月的809例口腔颌面外科手术的病人为对照组,分析术后口腔感染发生率、病原菌种类以及影响因素,由此提出预防性护理措施。然后收集该院2016年1—12月的939例口腔颌面外科手术的病人为观察组,进行护理干预,比较对照组和观察组病人口腔感染率、口腔评分和病人对护理的满意度。结果 对照组口腔感染率为7.54%(61/809),其中口腔恶性肿瘤切除的口腔感染率最高,约为15.52%(9/58)。在61例口腔感染的病人中,真菌感染5例(8.20%),革兰阳性细菌感染36例(59.02%),革兰阴性细菌感染20例(32.78%),混合性感染27例。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析显示:手术时间、侵入性操作、围手术期预防用药、糖尿病、住院时间和手术性质是影响口腔颌面外科手术后口腔感染发生率的危险因素(P＜0.05)。观察组口腔感染率为2.45%(23/916),口腔评分为(10.36±2.44)分,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(χ2＝24.620,P＝0.000;t＝2.134,P＜0.01);观察组的满意度为89.14%,与对照组(87.54%)相比,差异无统计学意义(χ2＝1.114,P＝0.296)。结论 口腔恶性肿瘤切除的口腔感染率最高;手术时间、侵入性操作、围手术期预防用药、糖尿病、住院时间和手术性质等均是影响口腔颌面外科手术后口腔感染发生率的独立危险因素;针对口腔颌面外科手术后口腔感染的相关影响因素进行预防性护理,可显著降低手术病人的口腔感染率,提高病人的口腔评分。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺部真菌感染的危险因素分析

目的 分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者合并肺部真菌感染的危险因素及其免疫状态.方法 选择COPD合并真菌感染55例,COPD无合并真菌感染67例,健康人54例作为对照,检测其外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(TLS)水平并进行比较.COPD患者合并肺部真菌感染的危险因素采用单因素分析.结果 真菌感染以白色念珠菌感染为主,COPD合并真菌感染组和COPD无合并真菌感染组CD3、CD4和CD4/CD8比值均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),且COPD合并真菌感染组CD3、CD4明显低于COPD无合并真菌感染组(P＜0.05).结论 合理使用抗菌药物及糖皮质激素、抗真菌、机械通气治疗,有效提高机体免疫水平,治疗糖尿病、呼吸衰竭等基础病是降低COPD并发肺部真菌感染的重要措施.     

Orbital apex syndrome in a child

A 8-year-old male presented with visual loss, diplopia, ptosis, pain behind the left eye, facial numbness and vomiting of one week duration. The ophthalmological, neurological and radiological examination showed a lesion of the left orbital apex with extension into the cavernous sinus. Examination of the nose and paranasal sinuses did not reveal any abnormality. Transnasal Endoscopic orbital decompression was performed and inflamed granulation tissue found in the orbital apex was removed. Microbiology showed fungal elements which on culture grew Aspergillosis flavus. Antifungal therapy with new generation oral drug (voriconazole) resulted in complete resolution of symptoms. Relevant literature is reviewed and discussed.     

鼻腔及鼻窦真菌病35例临床分析

目的探讨鼻腔鼻窦真菌病的临床特征、诊断及治疗方法.方法 35例患者诊断明确后根据病变和程度采用不同术式,非侵袭型采用上颌窦根治术或鼻窦内窥镜术,侵袭型采用扩大范围的鼻窦根治术,术后辅以抗真菌药治疗.结果非侵袭型26例,其中25例经手术治疗治愈;侵袭型9例,其中7例经手术治疗治愈,1例虽经4次手术,终因病变广泛未能有效控制,5个月后死亡.结论 CT对鼻腔鼻窦真菌病的诊断有重要价值,病理学检查是确诊的依据,手术是根本的治疗手段,无论哪种类型,均须彻底清除病灶,充分开放受累的鼻窦,对病变广泛的侵袭型还须扩大手术切除范围.     

应用现代化诊断方法提高我国真菌病诊断水平

提高真菌感染的早期、特异诊断水平是目前临床真菌学领域的研究热点,也是临床检验中需要解决的关键问题.除应重视基本方法外,迫切需要发展一些新的诊断手段,如以检测标本中真菌抗原成分和核酸成分为目的的非培养检测技术等.此外,还需要进一步地开展多中心前瞻性研究.应充分发挥真菌实验室的作用,建立规范化的真菌学临床诊断体系,应用现代化诊断方法,提高我国真菌病诊断水平.