Brazilian versions of the Measure of Processes of Care-20 and Measure of Processes of Care-Service Providers: translation,cross-cultural adaptation and reliability

BackgroundThe Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) questionnaires evaluate Family-Centered Practice (FCP) in services for children with developmental disorders. The MPOC-20 and MPOC-SP are completed by parents and by rehabilitation professionals, respectively, and are widely used in several countries.ObjectivesTo translate and cross-culturally adapt the MPOC-20 and MPOC-SP to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluate their reliability and internal consistency.Methodsthis study included translation, back-translation, cognitive interviews, testing of the pre-final versions, analysis of reliability and of internal consistency of the final versions. Respondents included parents and rehabilitation professionals from rehabilitation centers in four capital cities in Brazil.ResultsTranslation and cultural-adaptation procedures ensured the Brazilian versions were understandable and semantically equivalent to the original MPOC-20 and MPOC-SP. Pre-final and final versions were analyzed and vetted by the original authors. The MPOC-20 internal consistency Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.61 and 0.91 (n = 107), the test-retest reliability ICC varied between 0.44 and 0.83 and the standard error of measurement varied between 0.66 and 0.85 (n = 50). The MPOC-SP internal consistency Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.52 and 0.83 (n = 92), the test-retest reliability ICC between 0.83 and 0.90, and the standard error of measure between 0.34 and 0.46 (n = 62).ConclusionThe Brazilian versions of the MPOC-20 and the MPOC-SP are in general stable and sufficiently reliable. They are relevant to the evaluation of FCP and provide information that can improve health services and ensure better care.     

Risk behaviors and its association with caries activity and dental caries in Japanese children

The aim of this study was to assess risk behaviors and its association with caries activity and dental caries in Japanese children. The subjects were 392 young Japanese children who underwent dental health check-up at 18, 30 and 42 months of age. Oral examinations, Cariostat tests and dental health questionnaires were carried out at each time. The caries prevalence of children was 1.5% at 18 months, 9.9% at 30 months and 28.1% at 42 months. Caries activity based on the Cariostat scores of children was correlated with caries status (caries-free/carious) at 42 months. In children with caries during each examination period at 42 months, eating snacks while playing was ranked as the most important behavioral risk (P < 0.001), followed by breast-feeding (P < 0.01), non setting of time for snacks (P < 0.05) and frequency of snacks (P < 0.05) at 18 months old; non brushing by mother (P < 0.05) and eating snacks while playing (P < 0.05) were ranked highest at 30 months old. In addition, eating snacks while playing (P < 0.001) at 42 months old was the only a significant factor for children with caries. Caries activity and risk behaviors were associated with caries experience at different age periods of childhood.     

小学生个性影响因素研究

【目的】分析影响儿童个性的有关因素，为培养儿童的健全人格提供依据。【方法】对西安市所属的七个区各随机抽取一所学校，每所学校抽取四、五、六年级各两个班．采用龚耀先修订的艾森克个性问卷（Eysenck Personality Questionnaire，EPQ）（儿童用）和自编的个人一般情况调查表，对2000名儿童进行调查。将调查所得数椐进行多元逐步回归分析。【结果】影响小学生个性精神性（Psy choticism，P）的因素有性别、是否班干部、父母关系；影响内外向（extrovision and intrnision，E）的因素有性别、父母关系、是否班干部、住所、母亲文化程度、所在学校；影响情绪稳定性（nearoticism，N）、掩饰性（lie,L）的均为性别、父母关系2个因素。【结论】儿童个性受家庭、学校环境等的多重影响。家长、教师应创造良好的家庭、社会环境，保持情绪乐观、稳定，避免对子女儿童的负面影响，以利于其个性向积极方向发展。     

Evaluating the responsiveness of the endometriosis health profile questionnaire: The EHP-30

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sensitivity to change of the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (EHP-30) questionnaire. SETTING: The Women's Center, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. DESIGN: Postal survey to 66 women undergoing conservative surgery for the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain. The EHP-30 and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) were administered 2 weeks before the operation, and 4 months post-operatively. At T2 a transition question was included to evaluate changes in patients health status. To evaluate responsiveness effect sizes, standardised response means, the index of responsiveness and the minimally and clinically important differences were calculated. RESULTS: Forty (66.6%) patients returned the questionnaires at time 1 and 2. Overall less responsive effect size scores were found for the SF-36 (0.1-0.5) compared to the EHP-30 (-0.1-1.1) for all patients who had undergone treatment. Minimally important differences and the index of responsiveness were overall higher for the EHP-30 (0.4-2.0) compared to the SF-36 (0.1-1.0). Change scores for four of the five scales were significantly correlated with women's responses to the transition question. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the EHP-30 is sensitive to change. Its application in clinical trials should prove beneficial in assessing the impact of medical and surgical interventions upon quality of life for women with endometriosis.     

Assessment of the Severity of Asthma in a Family Practice

The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical history and self-perception of severity as predictors of asthma severity. A short-term longitudinal study was conducted in a family practice in Melbourne, Australia, utilizing peak flow monitoring, medication diary, and self-administered asthma severity questionnaire. Seventy-two asthmatic subjects with a positive bronchodilator or exercise test, aged between 6 and 79 years, were studied. Symptom and treatment items were correlated with peak flow variability and minimal peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). An asthma severity scale was generated using the partial credit version of Item Response Theory and the participants' severity scores were validated against lung function tests and medication usage. Quantitative modeling procedures were used to investigate the interrelationships of factors associated with peak flow variability. Severity scores demonstrated significant relationships with peak flow variability (partial r = 0.34) and treatment items. Self-perceived severity of asthma in the preceding 2 weeks showed significant association with peak flow variability (partial rho = 0.46) and minimal PEFR (rho = -0.41). The severity module of the Monash Respiratory Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument. The most important symptoms appear to be the frequency of use of bronchodilator and frequency of nocturnal attacks. A carefully structured clinical history in conjunction with the peak flow criteria of variability and minimal peak flow rate would be appropriate in the evaluation of asthma severity. Patients' self-perception of the severity of their asthma needs further evaluation.     

郑州市小学生行为问题调查及家庭相关影响因素分析

目的 分析郑州市小学生行为问题状况及其家庭相关影响因素,为有针对性的开展小学生行为问题的干预提供借鉴和依据。方法 于2019年6月在郑州市5个行政辖区12所小学整群随机抽取3 180名小学生,使用Conners 父母症状问卷(PSQ)和自行设计的儿童一般情况问卷进行评定,并进行统计学分析。结果 发放问卷3 180份,合格资料3 063份,有效率为96.3%,行为问题检出者588人(19.2%);其中男生1 669人,检出行为问题者349人(20.9%),女生1 394人,检出行为问题者248人(17.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.646,P=0.031)。与六年级儿童相比,五、四、二、一年级儿童发生行为问题的危险性增高[OR值(95% CI)分别为0.617(0.449~0.846)、0.633(0.474~0.845)、0.377(0.263~0.540)、0.281(0.204~0.388,P<0.01)]。与父亲沉溺网络相比,父亲不沉溺网络的儿童发生行为问题危险性降低(OR=0.647,95%CI=0.498~0.840,P＝0.001);与母亲职业是干部的儿童相比,母亲职业是教师、农民的儿童发生行为问题的危险性降低[OR值(95% CI)分别为0.578(0.342~0.977)、0.349(0.219~0.555),P<0.05 or <0.01)]。结论 郑州市小学生行为问题检出率较高,需要进一步关注;性别、年级、父亲是否沉溺网络和母亲职业均是郑州市小学生行为问题发生的影响因素。     

A factor analytic study of teaching in off-campus general practice clerkships

The Preceptor-evaluation questionnaire (PEQ) was developed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center to evaluate the clinical teaching behaviour of general practice doctors in private practice who have one or more third-year medical students per year in their offices for a required general practice clerkship. The PEQ was designed to provide feedback to these doctors and the sponsoring department in an effort to improve teaching in this setting. Developed from the input of family practice doctors who have supervised students in their offices and from a review of related literature, the instrument was given to students to determine the level of importance they attributed to each teaching characteristic. A principle components factor analysis and subsequent varimax rotation produced six significant teaching factors in this setting. These six factors were:

• 1 demonstrates a humanistic orientation toward patients and staff;
• 2 demonstrates a humanistic orientation toward student;
• 3 provides opportunity for practice;
• 4 motivates and stimulates student's thinking;
• 5 communicates effectively with student; and
• 6 demonstrates comfort and confidence in the roles of doctor and teacher.

The factor relating to the humanistic orientation toward student has not appeared as a separate factor in other studies of clinical teaching. This may be due to the unique aspects of the relationship between student and doctor in this setting which may not occur in other settings. The PEQ and similar reliable and valid instruments can provide valuable information for the doctors in these off-campus teaching situations as well as provide useful programme planning information for the sponsoring academic departments. This information may also be valuable for off-campus residency training.     

我国乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗现状的调查分析

目的为了全面了解我国目前乳腺癌根治术或改良根治术后放疗（简称术后放疗）的现状，特开展此项研究。方法对全国所有开展放疗的单位分别于2003年1～3月邮寄调查表，对乳腺癌术后放疗的适应证和放疗技术等进行两轮问卷调查。结果乳腺癌术后放疗适应证中包含T1～T2期病变及位于内象限或中央区、T1～亿期淋巴结转移1～3个、T3期或淋巴结转移≥4个的单位比例分别为11．9％、63．8％、87．6％和97．1％，其中仅以T3期或淋巴结转移≥4个为术后放疗主要适应证的单位只占7．1％。在放疗靶区中，常规照射锁骨上下区的单位最多，占96．2％，其余依次为内乳区85．2％、胸壁79．0％和腋窝74．8％。胸壁照射以^60Co或高能X线切线野照射最多见（45．2％），单纯电子线照射占28．3％，^60Co或高能X线与电子线混合照射占25．3％；34．3％的单位在照射中胸壁加垫填充物；胸壁的中位照射剂量是50Gy（30～60Gy）。腋窝照射以^60Co或高能X线为主（86．6％），与电子线混合照射占12．7％；有65．6％的单位采用腋后野补量照射技术；腋窝中位照射剂量是50Gy（40～64Gy）。锁骨上下区也以^60Co或高能X线照射为主（61．4％），与电子线混合照射占33．7％；锁骨上下区中位照射剂量是50Gy（40～60Gy）。内乳区单纯^60Co或高能X线照射占49．7％，与电子线混合照射占33．0％，单纯电子线照射占15．6％；内乳区中位照射剂量也是50Gy（40—60Gy）。结论目前我国对肿瘤≥5cm或淋巴结转移≥4个的乳腺癌进行术后放疗的看法比较一致，但对T1～T2期淋巴结转移1～3个的患者是否需要术后放疗的看法尚存分歧，有待进一步的前瞻性临床研究来证实。     

Validation of the cancer needs questionnaire (CNQ) short-form version in an ambulatory cancer setting

The short-form Cancer Needs Questionnaire (CNQ) is a self-administered cancer-specific questionnaire designed to assess patients' needs across several domains. The purpose of this study is to further evaluate its internal consistency and construct validity, in a group of ambulatory patients with cancer. Four hundred and fifty patients with a variety of cancer types participated. Factor analysis reproduced five domains: psychological; health information; physical and daily living; patient care and support; and interpersonal communication needs. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.94 to 0.77, indicating substantial consistency across items grouped in the five domains. A priori predictions regarding convergent and contrasting groups construct validity were explored using bivariate relationships between domains of the short-form CNQ, the EORTC QLQC-30 and Beck Depression Inventory (short-form), with support provided for most of the predictions. The current study provides supportive evidence that the short-form CNQ is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the needs of patients with cancer in an ambulatory care setting.     

内蒙古自治区二级以上医疗机构实验室开展结核病相关检测项目的调查分析

了解并评价内蒙古自治区二级以上医疗机构实验室结核病相关检测开展情况。