Bismuth Sodium Titanate Based Materials for Piezoelectric Actuators

The ban of lead in many electronic products and the expectation that, sooner or later, this ban will include the currently exempt piezoelectric ceramics based on Lead-Zirconate-Titanate has motivated many research groups to look for lead-free substitutes. After a short overview on different classes of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with large strain, this review will focus on Bismuth-Sodium-Titanate and its solid solutions. These compounds exhibit extraordinarily high strain, due to a field induced phase transition, which makes them attractive for actuator applications. The structural features of these materials and the origin of the field-induced strain will be revised. Technologies for texturing, which increases the useable strain, will be introduced. Finally, the features that are relevant for the application of these materials in a multilayer design will be summarized.     

硝酸铋与丙磺舒合用对顺铂肾毒性的防护作用

毒性剂量的顺铂（ＣＰ３０μｍｏｌ·ｋｇ－１ｉｐ）可引起血尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）升高。硝酸铋（ＢＮ）５μｍｏｌ·ｋｇ－１于ＣＰ前４８和２４ｈｓｅ，丙磺舒（Ｐｒｏ）７００μｍｏｌ·ｋｇ－１于ＣＰ前１５，１ｈ及ＣＰ后５ｈｉｇ，或ＢＮ与Ｐｒｏ二者半量合用，按上述给药，均能抑制ＣＰ引起的ＢＵＮ升高，尤以ＢＮ＋Ｐｒｏ组抑制作用显著。肾脏光镜和电镜标本显示，ＣＰ使肾小管受损严重；ＢＮ组，Ｐｒｏ组和ＢＮ＋Ｐｒｏ组均使ＣＰ引起的肾小管受损减轻，尤以ＢＮ＋Ｐｒｏ组减轻明显。ＢＮ２．５－２０μｍｏｌ·ｋｇ－１剂量依赖性地诱导小鼠肾脏金属硫蛋白合成。Ｐｒｏ可使ＣＰ后２４ｂ肾铂含量明显降低；Ｐｒｏ或Ｐｒｏ＋ＢＮ使尿铂累积排出量增加，血浆铂浓度降低。提示ＰＦＯ防护ＣＰ肾毒性与其减少肾铂分布，增加尿铂排出有关。     

在非溃疡性消化不良中ELISA法测抗幽门螺旋杆菌抗体的临床意义

非溃疡性消化不良(NUD, non-ulcer dyspepsia)是常见症候群,其病因尚未完全明了。NUD中幽门螺旋杆菌(HP Helicobacter Pylori)相关性胃炎占很大比例。针对该菌产生之抗体反应,应用酶联免疫法(ILISA)检测了335例NUD患者血清抗-HP抗体。其中208例为经细菌培养及(或)组织学检查证实的HP相关性胃炎,对其中164例进行前瞻性随机安慰剂对照研究,以评价胶态次枸橡酸铋加氟哌酸治疗效果.治疗组与安慰剂组HP清除率分别为69％与6％(P<0.01)。HP清除后患者胃粘膜炎症好转或消除,症状明显减轻,抗-HP抗体滴度下降。     

米索前列醇应用于晚期妊娠引产的临床研究

目的 :研究孕激素受体拮抗剂米索前列醇对妊娠晚期引产的效果。方法 :采用双盲对照法 ,选择晚期妊娠无米索前列醇禁忌证 6 0例为研究组 ,采用阴道给药总量 1 0 0mg ;另选择有关参数相同的 6 0例 ,应用催产素 ,两组观察相关指标体系进行比较。结果 :引产效果 ,分娩时间 ,宫颈评分等指标研究组均优于对照组。结论 :米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产效果优 ,安全     

蒙脱石治疗消化性溃疡50例

目的 :评价蒙脱石治疗消化性溃疡的临床疗效与安全性。方法 :蒙脱石组 (5 0例 )患胃溃疡 18例和十二指肠球部溃疡 32例 [男性 35例 ,女性 15例 ,年龄 (5 0±s 11)a],用蒙脱石散剂 3g ,tid ,疗程 4wk。胶态次枸橼酸铋组 (30例 )患胃溃疡 12例和十二指肠球部溃疡 18例 [男性 2 0例 ,女性 10例 ,年龄(48± 13)a],用胶态次枸橼酸铋胶囊 110mg ,tid ,疗程 4wk。结果 :蒙脱石组消化性溃疡愈合率为80 % ,总有效率为 90 % ,胶态次枸橼酸铋组消化性溃疡愈合率为 6 0 % ,总有效率为 77% ;2组愈合率、总有效率相比 ,差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,2组疗效的比较差异亦无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 2组不良反应均轻 ,分别为 4 %和 3% (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :蒙脱石治疗消化性溃疡有较好疗效 ,且不良反应少而轻微 ,是一种安全有效的药物     

儿童幽门螺杆菌感染患儿不同治疗方案的疗效观察

目的观察克拉霉素、阿莫西林、奥美拉唑三联短程疗法对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的根除率,探讨初治失败后治疗方案的选择。方法经胃镜检查、组织活检确诊为Hp感染患儿86例,男50例,女36例。分为克拉霉素组62例,用克拉霉素、阿莫西林、奥美拉唑三联1周疗法;甲硝唑组24例,用甲硝唑、阿莫西林、奥美拉唑三联2周疗法。停药后4周,检测Hp根除率。对2组初治失败者进行复治,克拉霉素组增加克拉霉素剂量和延长奥美拉唑疗程;甲硝唑组采用克拉霉素三联1周疗法。复治再失败者采用铋剂四联疗法。结果克拉霉素组Hp根除率91.9%(57/62)较甲硝唑组75%(18/24)高,有显著性差异(χ2=4.448P<0.05)。本组共11例根除失败,采用3种复治方法后,根除率分别为80%(4/5)、66.7%(4/6)、100.0%(3/3)。结论克拉霉素三联1周短程疗法是根除儿童Hp感染的理想治疗方案。适当增加克拉霉素剂量和延长奥美拉唑疗程可提高根除率。采用铋剂四联法对克拉霉素耐药者有效。     

Targeted alpha therapy with bismuth‐213 and actinium‐225: Meeting future demand

Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. The use of alpha emitters for cancer therapy has two distinct advantages over conventional therapies. The short range of alpha radiation in human tissue (less than 0.1 mm), corresponding to only a few cell diameters, allows selective killing of targeted cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. At the same time, the high energy (several MeV) of alpha radiation and its associated high linear energy transfer leads to highly effective cell kill. Consequently, alpha radiation can destroy cells which otherwise exhibit resistance to treatment with beta or gamma irradiation or chemotherapeutic drugs, and can thus offer a therapeutic option for tumors resistant to conventional therapies. Recent results demonstrating the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of alpha emitters to treat various cancers have underlined the clinical potential of TAT. This paper describes the recent clinical experience with ²¹³Bi and ²²⁵Ac. In view of the enormous benefit of targeted cancer treatment with alpha emitters, their production will have to be considerably increased beyond current supply capabilities. Alternative production methods based on the irradiation of uranium, thorium, or radium targets at reactors or accelerator facilities have the potential to meet future demand.     

奥美拉唑、枸橼酸铋钾联合阿莫西林治疗消化性溃疡的疗效观察

目的探讨奥美拉唑、枸橼酸铋钾联合阿莫西林治疗消化性溃疡的临床疗效。方法选取我院2011年1月至2013年5月间收治的108例消化性溃疡患者作为研究对象,按照随机对照原则将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各54例,观察组患者给予奥美拉唑、枸橼酸铋钾联合阿莫西林治疗,对照组患者给予奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素治疗,对两组患者治疗后的临床疗效进行评价。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率为94.4%,显著高于对照组患者的77.8%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗期间均未出现严重不良反应。结论采用奥美拉唑、枸橼酸铋钾联合阿莫西林治疗消化性溃疡临床疗效确切,值得临床进一步推广使用。     

铋剂在幽门螺杆菌根除中的不良反应及预防

目的:系统总结铋剂在根除幽门螺杆菌中的不良反应。方法:检索pubmed、万方、CNKI等数据库中与含铋剂方案根除幽门螺杆菌相关的文章。结果:铋剂相关的不良反应以胃肠道系统最为常见,如腹痛、腹泻、黑便和厌食、恶心/呕吐、口腔金属味、便秘等;其次为头晕、头痛等神经系统不良反应以及皮疹、皮肤瘙痒、肝功能异常等,与益生菌和乳铁蛋白联用可能减少不良反应的发生。结论:铋剂相关的不良反应大多轻微、短暂和可逆。