Life satisfaction in patients with chest pain subsequently diagnosed as coronary heart disease – connection through depressive symptoms?

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic patients (n = 144) with chest pain subsequently diagnosed as coronary heart disease (CHD) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), depression with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other psychiatric symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R Axis I and Axis II psychiatric diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of CHD patients were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied patients had Axis I mental disorders and Axis II personality disorders more frequently than others. Psychiatric and depressive symptoms according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied patients. In multiple logistic regression analyses, mental disorders were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of chest pain symptoms and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of depressive symptoms (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of CHD but by the existence of depressive symptoms.     

Alexithymia in Holocaust Survivors with and Without PTSD

Alexithymia was measured in non-treatment seeking, community-dwelling Holocaust survivors using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale—Twenty Item Version (TAS-20). Scores of survivors with (n = 30) and without (n = 26) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were compared, and associations among alexithymia, severity of trauma, and severity of PTSD symptoms were determined. Survivors with PTSD had significantly higher scores on the TAS-20 compared to survivors without PTSD. TAS-20 scores were significantly associated with severity of PTSD symptoms, but not with severity of trauma. This study adds to our knowledge of the relationship between alexithymia and trauma by demonstrating that this characteristic is related to the presence of posttraumatic symptoms and not simply exposure to trauma.     

Psychological factors influencing the surgical patients' consent to regional anaesthesia

To investigate the preoperative attitude of surgical patients to regional anaesthesia, 162 subjects scheduled for elective surgery were studied. On the day before operation, patients were interviewed by an anaesthesio–logist, using a semi–structured schedule. Topics investigated were sociodemographic variables and clinical correlates, such as past anaesthetic experience, information about anaesthesia and surgery, as well as questions and fears related to anaesthesia. Subjects were assessed for personality characteristics and emotional symptoms by Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Zung's Self–rating Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales, Schalling–Sifneos' Personality Scale and the 43–item Life Events Inventory of Holmes and Rahe. Seventy–one patients (44%) consented to regional anaesthesia. Consent to regional anaesthesia was associated with advanced age, low neuroticism and high extroversion score in the EPQ, as well as longer duration of illness. The deniers of consent asked more questions and expressed more fears about anaesthesia. It is suggested that the patients' characteristics influence their preference, acceptance or refusal of regional anaesthesia.     

大学新生述情障碍与心理健康的关系探讨

目的探讨大学新生述情障碍和心理健康的关系。方法采用多伦多述情障碍量表和症状自评量表对191名大学新生进行测查。结果TAS总分及因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ得分与SCL-90总分及各因子分显著相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论大学新生述情障碍状况与心理健康状况有密切的联系。     

抑郁症患者的述情障碍与焦虑、抑郁的相关性研究

目的 探讨抑郁症患者的述情障碍以及与焦虑、抑郁的关系.方法 采用多伦多述情障碍量表(Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS)、Hamilton焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA)及Hamilton抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD)对100例抑郁症患者和100例正常自愿者进行测评,并对述情障碍与焦虑、抑郁作相关分析.结果 抑郁症组TAS评分显著高于正常对照组0=6.86,P＜0.01);其述情障碍的发生率为43%,亦显著高于对照组的11%(x2=25.98,P＜0.01).抑郁症患者的TAS总分及因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ评分与HAMA及HAMD评分均呈显著性正相关.结论 抑郁症患者存在着明显的述情障碍,并与焦虑、抑郁有关.     

青少年强迫症病人父母的述情障碍研究

目的 探讨青少年强迫症病人父母的述情障碍和心理健康状况及其关系。方法 使用TAS、SCL—90对102例13—19岁青少年强迫症病人父母共102人和心理健康青少年的父母89人进行测评。结果 强迫症病人父母的述情障碍总分、因子Ⅰ—Ⅳ均高于对照组(P＜0．01)；SCL—90中的身体化、强迫、忧郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性等因子分阶段和总分均显著高于对照组(P＜0．01)。59例(57．84％)有心理问题。强迫症病人父母TAS总分与SCL—90中的躯体化(P＜0．01)、强迫(P＜0．01)、焦虑(P＜0．01)和精神病性(P＜0．01)正相关；与敌对性(P＜0．01)负相关。结论 强迫症病人父母常常有述情障离、心理健康问题。给予强迫症病人父母心理帮助经常是必要的。     

养路工行为类型及述情障碍的调查研究

目的　探讨养路工行为类型及述情障碍的发生及分布。方法　采用《职业人群生命质量综合评定量表》 ,对 474例养路工 ,5 2 0例其他不同职业人群和对照组进行问卷调查。结果　养路工行为类型偏向于B-型 ,述情障碍发生概率显著高于其他职业人群 ,述情障碍的发生与B-行为类型、年龄及职业环境有关。结论　养路工人的行为类型以B-为主 ,B型行为类型者易患述情障碍。     

Alexithymia in neurodegenerative disease

We investigated alexithymia, a deficit in the ability to identify and describe one's emotions, in a sample that included patients with neurodegenerative disease and healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the relationship that alexithymia has with behavioral disturbance and with regional gray matter volumes. Alexithymia was examined with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, behavioral disturbance was assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and regional gray matter volumes were obtained from structural magnetic resonance images. Group analyses revealed higher levels of alexithymia in patients than controls. Alexithymia scores were positively correlated with behavioral disturbance (apathy and informant distress, in particular) and negatively correlated with the gray matter volume of the right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, a region of the brain that is thought to play an important role in self and emotion processing.     

伴非自杀性自伤行为青少年抑郁症患者述情和家庭教育方式研究

目的了解青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤行为的现状,并对比分析伴或不伴非自杀性自伤行为患者的述情方式和家庭教育方式差异。方法回顾性连续纳入2018年1月至2019年2月四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心收治的241例青少年抑郁症患者为调查对象,采用多伦多述情障碍量表、家庭教育方式量表、患者健康问卷抑郁量表对其进行调查,并对比伴非自杀性自伤行为(研究组)和不伴非自杀性自伤行为(对照组)患者的差异。结果241例患者中,44.8%(108/241)的青少年抑郁症患者有非自杀性自伤行为。与对照组(133例)比较,研究组家庭教育方式量表中父亲的惩罚/严厉[(24.80±7.36)分比(21.41±6.89)分]、过分干涉[(23.56±5.02)分比(21.74±4.66)分]、拒绝/否认[(13.44±4.39)分比(11.35±3.81)分]、过度保护因子[(12.56±3.28)分比(11.20±2.94)分]得分较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),母亲的过分干涉/保护[(42.23±8.06)分比(37.73±7.80)分]、拒绝/否认[(18.65±5.85)分比(15.70±5.72)分]、惩罚/严厉因子[(19.13±6.52)分比(15.97±6.20)分]得分较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在述情障碍量表中,研究组难以识别自己的情感及难以描述自己的情感因子得分高于对照组[分别为(25.19±6.23)分比(22.12±7.09)分,(18.06±4.19)分比(15.90±4.52)分],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论青少年抑郁症患者中,伴非自杀性自伤行为的发生率较高,其述情方式和家庭教育方式与不伴非自杀性自伤行为患者存在差异。     

伴述情障碍的精神分裂症患者的抑制控制

目的:研究伴述情障碍的精神分裂症患者的抑制控制功能。方法:对50例符合入组标准的伴述情障碍的精神分裂症患者以及年龄、性别、受教育程度相匹配的50名精神分裂症患者实施Stroop色词测验。结果:与对照组相比,伴述情障碍的精神分裂症患者Stroop色词测验卡片C反应时长于对照组(t=3.104,P0.01)、正确阅读数低于对照组(t=-2.882,P0.01);卡片A反应时、正确阅读数差异均无统计学意义(t=1.285,-0.995;P0.05),卡片B反应时与对照组差异无统计学意义(t=1.81,P0.05),正确阅读数差异无统计学意义(t=-1.247,P0.05)。与对照组相比,伴述情障碍的精神分裂症患者干扰量高于对照组(t=2.264,P0.05)。结论:伴述情障碍的精神分裂症患者相对非述情障碍的精神分裂症患者存在更严重的抑制控制功能损害,临床工作中应给予针对性的认知干预,将有助于促进康复。