Islanded facial artery osteomyomucosal/osseous flap in head and neck reconstruction

A local pedicled vascularized bone flap can prevent the morbidity and cost of free bone flap surgery in small segmental bone defects or long cartilaginous defects of the head and neck. Such flaps can also be useful in patients who are high risk for surgery. The periosteal vascularity of the mandible can be used to design islanded facial artery-based bone flaps, which can be utilized to that extent. Two patients with a small segmental mandibulectomy defect and one patient with a long cricotracheal resection defect underwent reconstruction using three different designs of islanded facial artery osteomyomucosal/osseous flap (iFOMM). The patients had a minimum follow-up period of 18 months. All flaps were successful, with satisfactory healing and without any functional deficit or disease at last follow-up.     

Intussusception in a premature neonate: A rare and often misdiagnosed clinical entity

Intussusception is a very rare cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates. It is of extremely rare occurrence among premature neonates. We present a case of 11-day-old premature neonate who presented with abdominal distension, intolerance to feeds, vomiting, significant bilious aspirate and bleeding per rectum. The initial diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) led to a delay in the diagnosis. On exploratory laparotomy, it turned out to be a case of ileo-colic intussusception with Meckel''s diverticulum as a lead point. This site of intussusception (ileo-colic) and presence of a lead point among premature neonate is of exceedingly rare occurrence and very few such cases have been reported.In this article, the published work about clinical features and management on intussusceptions in premature neonates has been reviewed. The authors intend to highlight the difficulty in distinguishing the NEC and intussusception. Subtle clinical and radiological features which can help in differentiating the two conditions have been emphasized. This can avoid the delay in diagnosis and management which can prove critical. High index of suspicion with timely intervention is the key for optimizing outcome. A diagnosis of intussusception should always be considered in any preterm infant with suspected NEC.     

修复重建外科的生物医用材料

目的阐述生物医用材料在修复重建外科的应用情况.方法根据多年的研究成果,结合国内文献,总结医用材料的临床应用的种类及范围.结果根据需要修复组织的成分结构和病理状态,设计并制造出与其相匹配的生物材料.胶原蛋白、壳聚糖和透明质酸钠已用于修复皮肤、骨、软骨、声带、神经缺损和耳鼓膜,取得了良好的治疗效果.结论由于临床治疗的复杂性,尚需研制出更多、生物相容性更好的材料.     

小儿肠套叠超声表现与空气灌肠整复可能性的相关研究

目的:探讨小儿肠套叠超声表现与空气灌肠整复可能性之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析超声及空气灌肠确诊的222例小儿肠套叠的超声表现,比较不同的超声表现与空气灌肠整复可能性的关系。结果:当肠套叠表现为“同心圆征”,空气灌肠整复率为100%。当表现为“炸面圈征”,肠套叠整复情况依赖于低回声外圈的厚度。当出现套头部内积液,整复率为17%。合并少量腹腔游离积液与套叠内肿大淋巴结不影响空气灌肠整复率。结论:通过分析肠套叠的超声表现可预测空气灌肠整复的可能性。     

异体跟骨移植及腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复跟骨缺损

目的　探讨应用同种异体跟骨移植及腓肠神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣 ,修复跟骨缺损的临床效果。　方法　 1996年 2月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月 ,采用同种异体跟骨移植及吻合腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足跟骨缺损 6例。致伤原因为车祸伤 3例 ,机器绞扎伤 2例 ,砸伤 1例。其中跟骨后 1/ 3缺损 3例 ,后 1/ 2缺损 2例 ,后 2 / 3缺损 1例 ,均伴有足跟软组织不同程度缺损和跟腱断裂。皮瓣范围 6 cm× 7cm～ 12 cm× 17cm。急诊手术 2例 ,择期手术 4例。采用异体骨修复跟骨缺损 ,跟腱“Z”字形延长钢丝固定于再造跟骨粗隆处 ,修复软组织缺损。　结果　 4例皮瓣全部成活 ,2例皮瓣远端部分坏死 ,经换药后创面愈合。术后 X线片显示 :移植异体骨对位良好 ,恢复了足跟结构。术后 3～ 6个月足跟部皮瓣感觉恢复。所有患者均获随访 6个月～ 3年 ,植入的异体骨骨性愈合 ,未见明显吸收、感染和排斥反应等并发症。足外形饱满 ,可负重行走。　结论　应用同种异体跟骨修复跟骨缺损 ,取材方便 ,且符合人体自然结构及功能要求。采用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣 ,不牺牲肢体的主要血管 ,手术风险小 ,操作简便、外形好、有感觉 ,可恢复行走功能     

婴幼儿肠套叠合并阑尾炎X线表现的病理基础及临床意义

目的 探讨婴幼儿肠套叠合并阑尾炎的X线表现及其临床意义。资料与方法对28例经手术病理证实的婴幼儿肠套叠合并阑尾炎的X线表现及临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 (1)17例回-结型肠套叠中合并急性单纯性阑尾炎13例，化脓性阑尾炎2例；11例复合型肠套叠中合并急性阑尾炎4例，化脓性阑尾炎6例。发现3例合并慢性阑尾炎，炎症为继发再次肠套叠的诱因。(2)主要X线表现：①腹部少气或无气征15例；②右侧腹膜外脂线局部或全部模糊征18例；③右下腹肠腔异常积气和／或小肠梗阻征9例。右侧腹膜外脂线局部或全部模糊征象出现率最高。结论 阑尾炎是婴幼儿肠套叠的最主要早期并发症。X线表现结合临床资料对其发生有重要提示意义，对预防阑尾炎症致继发肠套叠或其他并发症有重要价值，尤其在空气灌肠整复后的治疗上。     

会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形45例整复治疗

目的　讨论、总结会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形整复治疗的经验。方法　我科自 1989年以来对 4 5例会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形患者进行了整复治疗。术前强调肠道清洁和局部瘢痕清洗 ;术中根据瘢痕挛缩畸形的具体情况 ,联合采用局部皮瓣及中厚皮片移植 31例 ,全厚皮片移植 8例 ,单纯用局部皮瓣移植 6例 ;术后注意保持创面的清洁干燥和进行及时有效的功能锻炼。结果　患者在接受整复治疗后形态、功能均获得良好恢复 ,总优良率达 95 .5 %。结论　根据会阴部瘢痕挛缩畸形的特殊性 ,重视术前准备及术后处理 ,合理设计、选择手术方法 ,才能够获得满意的治疗效果     

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor: An Unusual Cause of Intussusception

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are defined as any tumor arising from a peripheral nerve or showing nerve sheath differentiation. The majority of these tumors arise on the trunk, extremities, or head and neck region. The literature to date has fewer than 14 cases of MPNST arising in the gastrointestinal tract, and only two cases were ever reported in the small intestine, one of which was a recurrent disease. In this paper, we report the first US case of an MPNST arising in the small intestine and presenting as intussusception.     

Correlation between the course of the medial plantar artery and the morphology of the abductor hallucis muscle

The abductor hallucis muscle flap is commonly used as a proximally-based flap in the management of ankle, heel, and midfoot lesions, where it is ideally suited for closing defects. This study investigates the anatomical details of this muscle in 13 fresh male cadavers. The medial plantar artery (MPA) was studied by dissection and macroscopic analyses to document the relationship of its superficial and deep branches with respect to the abductor hallucis muscle (AHM). Three main patterns could be described. In Pattern A (54%) the MPA divides into two branches. The deep branch reaches the deep surface of the AHM, supplying its proximal part, and the superficial branch courses between the AHM and the flexor digitorum brevis, to end as the first plantar metatarsal artery. The latter supplies two to three small branches to the distal part of the AHM. The fibers of the AHM end symmetrically on the two sides of the tendon and the muscle presents an arciform shape. The MPA, in Pattern B (38%), lacks a deep branch and continues along the lateral border of the AHM as a superficial branch that supplies proximal and distal collaterals to the muscle. The muscle fibers of the AHM end mainly on the medial side of the tendon. The muscle belly presents an arciform shape and is located on the medial margin of the foot superomedially with respect to Pattern A. In Pattern C (8%) the MPA continues as a large deep branch on the deep surface of the AHM and ends as the medial collateral artery of the big toe. A smaller superficial branch of the MPA provides a few collaterals to the AHM from its proximal part and to the flexor digitorum brevis in its distal part. The AHM fibers end mainly on the lateral side of the tendon and morphologically the muscle presents a straight line on the sole of the foot compared to Pattern A. Although Patterns B and C, from a surgical point of view, necessitate interruption of the main trunk of the MPA, Pattern A may permit the vascularization of the muscles of the medial side of the sole of the foot by the superficial trunk of the MPA. Because preoperative radiological study of the plantar vessels correlate with the morphological characteristics of the AHM observed during surgery, such imaging may be useful in determining the appropriate flap design based on the patient's unique pattern of MPA branching.     

Life underneath the VCA umbrella: Perspectives from the US Uterus Transplant Consortium

The parallel emergence of uterus transplantation (UTx) and other transplantation innovations including face and hand transplantation led to the categorization of the uterus as a vascular composite allograft (VCA). With >60 transplants and >20 births worldwide, UTx is transitioning rapidly from a research endeavor to an effective treatment option for women with uterine factor infertility. While it originally made sense to group the innovations under one umbrella, it is time to revisit the designation of UTx as a VCA. We describe how UTx needs unique policy, procedural codes, insurance contracts, and educational initiatives. We contend that separating UTx from VCAs may become necessary in the future to avoid hindering the growth and regulation of this field.