解磷注射液救治急性有机磷农药中毒34例临床报告

将急性有机磷农药中毒患者69例随机分为2组,一组主要应用解磷注射液治疗(新疗法34例),另一组(35例)主要应用阿托品治疗。两组治愈率分别为97.1％及77.1％,疗效比较差异显著(P<0.05)。新疗法的优点是起效快,作用持久,疗程短(两组比较P<0.001),副反应轻,值得推广应用。并就应用方法及注意事项等作了探讨,也强调了早期足量用药的重要性。     

气管切开与呼吸机机械通气抢救有机磷农药中毒致呼吸肌麻痹6例

目的：探讨气管切开与呼吸机机械通气抢救重度有机磷农药中毒（ＡＯＰＰ）致呼吸肌麻痹的疗效。方法：对６例重度ＡＯＰＰ致呼吸肌麻痹患者在综合治疗基础上，及时予气管切开，并使用全能呼吸机机械通气。结果：治愈５例，死亡１例。抢救成功率达８３．３％。结论：对重度ＡＯＰＰ患者及时行气管切开，并使用全能呼吸机机械通气，抢救效果良好。     

敌枯双慢性毒性实验的病理形态学研究——实验大鼠脏器组织病理变化

将150只SD大鼠随机地分成Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ四个实验组和一个对照组(Ⅴ)。实验组敌枯双剂量分别为1.0,0.2,0.05及0.01mg/kg,均用去离子水配成相应浓度的染毒水,由动物自由摄取,对照组摄入去离子水。于实验第29.5,55周分两批处死。经组织病理学检查,结果发现:敌枯双可引起甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞萎缩甚至脱屑,其发生率(Ⅲ组为63.64%)与对照组(0%)比较差异有高度显著性(P<0.01);睾丸曲细精管各级生精细胞减少、萎缩甚至完全消失,其发生率(Ⅳ组为58.33%)与对照组(8.33%)比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);对心肌、肝组织也有不同程度的损伤.     

广西阳朔县15年农药中毒流行病学分析

笔者对阳朔县１９７９～１９９３年农药中毒进行流行病学分析。１５年间发生农药中毒共３６６８例，其中生产性中毒１２３５例，占３３．６７％，死亡２例；非生产性中毒２４３３例，占６６．３３％，死亡７９９例。中毒农药达２０余种，其中以甲胺磷为主。结果提示：忽视个人防护、违反安全施药规定是引起生产性农药中毒主因；家庭纠纷、婚姻恋爱处理不当而导致服毒自杀居非生产性农药中毒首位。农药毒性、用量与当地农药中毒发生率、病死率密切相关。     

A longitudinal study of semen quality in pesticide spraying danish farmers

It was hypothesized that occupational exposure to pesticides during a spraying season causes changes in semen quality that might be detected in a longitudinal study. We analyzed the within-person changes in semen quality and reproductive hormones across a spraying season in groups of farmers using and not using pesticides. A total of 248 men collected two semen samples (participation rate: 32%). The median sperm concentration declined significantly from the first to the second sample in both groups, but there was no statistical difference in the decline between the two groups, unadjusted or adjusted. Only minor changes were found in sperm morphology, vitality, motility, sperm chromatin denaturation (SCSA), and reproductive hormones, and the differences in changes between the two groups were nonsignificant, or, in the opposite direction to the expected. There was no relation between the changes in sperm parameters in relation to pesticide exposure variables. In conclusion, use of pesticides by Danish farmers is not a likely cause of short-term effects on semen quality and reproductive hormones.     

急性有机磷中毒患者血液流变学的变化及临床意义

目的:探索急性有机磷农药中毒(Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning,AOPP)患者血液流变学的变化及临床意义。方法:根据患者入院时有机磷农药中毒程度,分为轻、中、重度中毒3组及健康对照组。对各中毒组第1、3、5、7d分别采取静脉血作血液流变学指标的动态观察。健康对照组门诊检测一次。结果:轻、中、重度中毒三组血液流变学各项指标随中毒的严重程度而变化显著。中毒初期,红细胞数(RBc)、血小板(PLT)、全血高切粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数升高,红细胞变性能力降低,随病情好转,血液流变学各项指标逐渐恢复。结论:动态观察急性有机磷中毒患者血液流变学的变化对病情判断、指导治疗有一定临床意义。     

有机磷农药作业工人心电图分析

对150名有机磷农药作业工人进行了心电图检查,结果表明,有机磷农药作业工人心电图异常发生率极显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。主要改变为窦性心动过缓,窦性心律不齐,ST—T异常,说明心电图与异常接触有机磷衣药有关,应加强防护措施。     

Antibodies to the pesticide interaction sites of parathion hydrolase and cutinase

Monoclonal antibodies are able to provide information on the surface topography of biopolymers. Antibodies capable of inhibiting the activities of cutinase and parathion hydrolase have been identified in order to probe the sites of pesticide inhibition. Kinetic studies were employed to determine whether organophosphate pesticide binding was directly prevented by antibody binding. Prior binding of chlorfenvinphos and methyl paraoxon to cutinase inhibited subsequent binding by the monoclonal anti‐cutinase antibodies. The role of antibodies in probing enzyme structure is discussed.     

Interaction of microorganisms with enterocytes after oral administration of pesticides

Intragastral administration of the pesticides Sumi-alpha and Omait to rats significantly increases the number of parietal microorganisms in the jejunum, ileum, and particularly in the cecum. Electron microscopy shows that parietal microorganisms invade goblet cells during secretion and then enter prismatic cells via the lateral plasma membrane. The number of parietal microorganisms entering enterocytes after Sumi-alpha is higher than after less toxic Omait, reaching the maximum 5 h after administration. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 4, pp. 467–470, April, 1997     

Dermatitis in bulb growers

A damaged skin forms a health hazard in flower-bulb growers as it enables higher permeation rates For pesticides than normal skin. Therefore, an investigation was performed into the skin condition of 103 bulb growers and 49 controls. Contact dermatitis of the hands was of the same order (11 and 10%) in both groups. However, minor signs of dermatitis were seen more often in bulb growers (30 versus 8%, p <0.05). Most growers had contact with narcissus sap during the investigation. This irritant sap, as well as many other skin contacts with irritants such as hyacinth dust and pesticides, seemed to be responsible for many skin complaints. Contact serialization was suspected in 19 growers and 3 controls. Patch tests showed that contact sensitization existed to pesticides in probably 10, and to flower-bulb extracts in 4 growers. Reactions to propachlor were not regarded as very reliable as the test concentration seemed to be marginally irritant. There were only a few allergic reactions to narcissus (3) and tulip (2) and none to hyacinth. This investigation showed that minor irritant contact dermatitis was frequent in bulb growers, and indicated that contact sensitization to pesticides and bulbs seemed to be a less frequent but important cause of dermatitis.