头颈部放射治疗后拔牙与放射性颌骨骨髓炎关系的临床分析

目的探讨牙拔除术对头颈部放射治疗后患者发生放射性颌骨骨髓炎（osteoradionecrosis,ORN）的影响。方法收集83例头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗后经x线诊断ORN的需拔牙患者,拔牙前给予口服抗生素2d,微创拔牙,术后继续口服抗生素5d,3个月拔牙创不愈合者诊断为ORN。结果83例患者放疗后因智齿冠周炎、急性牙髓炎、残根残冠、根尖周炎等,共拔除182颗患牙,其中8例出现ORN。放疗剂量不同导致放疗后拔牙发生ORN的差异有统计学意义（x^2=5．004,P=0．025）,高剂量患者（70～80Gy）拔牙后ORN炎发生率25．00％,明显高于低剂量患者（50—70Gy）的发生率4．76％。放疗后拔牙时间（X2=0,P=I．000）、一次性拔牙总数目（x2=0,P=1．000）对放疗后拔牙发生ORN的差异无统计学意义。结论放射剂量是诱发ORN的主要原因,放疗前拔除患牙、放疗后定期检查口腔,防治牙周、牙体疾病是预防ORN的主要手段。     

黏膜瓣在鼻咽癌放疗后鼻内镜手术修复颅底组织缺损中的应用

探索使用游离黏膜瓣与带蒂黏膜瓣在鼻咽癌放疗后颅底手术中的临床应用。     

Endoscopic management of skull base osteoradionecrosis

OBJECTIVE: Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most serious complications in radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We describe a new endoscopic approach to resolve resultant skull base osteoradionecrosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic management of skull base osteoradionecrosis. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of the outcome of endoscopic management for patients with skull base osteoradionecrosis. METHODS: Between 1994 and 1998 six patients who had irradiation previously for nasopharyngeal carcinoma had skull base osteoradionecrosis. A sinoscopic approach was applied for diagnosis and sequestrectomy. This diagnosis was based on the criterion of exposed necrotic bone after removing all crust in the nasopharynx and further confirmed on pathological examination after sequestrectomy. Effective cure was defined as intact mucosal coverage without any ulcer or exposed necrotic bone observed in the nasopharynx and the absence of antecedent accompanying symptoms after management. RESULTS: Six patients (10%) were symptom free. Five (83.3%) patients had effective cure. There was no surgical morbidity or mortality. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sequestrectomy is a justified approach to skull base osteoradionecrosis.     

Lumbar corpectomy for correction of degenerative scoliosis from osteoradionecrosis reveals a delayed complication of lumbar myxopapillary ependymoma

Osteoradionecrosis is a known complication following radiation therapy, presenting most commonly in the cervical spine as a delayed consequence of radiation that is often necessary in the management of head and neck cancers. In contrast, osteoradionecrosis has rarely been described in the lumbar spine. Here we describe, to our knowledge, the first reported case of lumbar spine osteoradionecrosis, after adjuvant radiation for a primary spinal cord tumor, leading to progressive degenerative scoliosis which required subsequent operative management. Established guidelines recommend that mature bone can tolerate a dose of up to 6000 cGy without injury. However, once bone has been exposed to radiation over this level progressive soft tissue changes may lead to devascularization, leaving the bone vulnerable to osteonecrosis, specifically when manipulated. Radiation necrosis can be progressive and lead to eventual mechanical instability requiring debridement and surgical fixation. In the setting of the lumbar spine, osseous necrosis can lead to biomechanical instability, deformity, pain, and neurologic deficit.     

Dental disease before radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer: Clinical Registry of Dental Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Background

No evidence-based guidelines exist for preventive dental care before radiation therapy (RT) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). An ongoing multicenter, prospective cohort study, Clinical Registry of Dental Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (OraRad), is addressing this knowledge gap. The authors evaluated the level of dental disease before RT in the OraRad cohort, factors associated with dental disease, and dental treatment recommendations made before RT.

Radiographic characteristics of chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis/tendoperiostitis of the mandible: A comparison with chronic suppurative osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis

Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) of the mandible is a poorly understood chronic disease. It is assumed to be a form of chronic osteomyelitis. Other forms of chronic osteomyelitis are chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (CSO) and osteoradionecrosis (ORN). This study aimed to investigate radiographic characteristics of DSO and compare these findings with the radiographic characteristics of CSO and ORN in order to radiographically distinguish these three diseases.In this retrospective study, 33 patients were clinically diagnosed with DSO (13), CSO (6), or ORN (14). The panoramic radiographs, computed tomography images, and magnetic resonance images of these patients were evaluated. Osseous and soft tissue changes were analysed.Patients with DSO showed extensive cortical and medullary sclerosis combined with subperiosteal bone formation, condylar process deformation, and hypertrophy and oedema of the masseter muscle. DSO patients showed no pathological fractures or sequestra, which were observed in patients with CSO and ORN.The radiographic characteristics that differentiate DSO from CSO and ORN include subperiosteal bone formation, condylar process deformation, masticatory muscle changes, and the absence of sequestra and pathological fractures.     

Surgical management of severe osteoradionecrosis of the mandibular bone by using double free flap reconstruction

Purpose

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws represents one of the most severe complications after primary or adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) of large head and neck tumors. In advanced ORN cases, surgical management is generally considered the therapy of choice. However, in several severe ORN patients with extensive bone and soft tissue defects, functional and aesthetic reconstruction represents a huge challenge for any surgeon, with an increased risk of post-operative wound healing disorders. Our aim here was to perform a double free flap technique as a therapeutic option in this difficult patient collective and to evaluate the post-operative outcome.

低强度超声理疗防治犬下颌骨放射性骨坏死

目的 探讨低强度超声对犬下颌骨骨组织放射线损伤的修复作用,为临床防治颌骨放射性坏死提供新思路. 方法 建立下颌骨放射线损伤的动物模型,并用低强度超声对其进行治疗,通过微血管密度检测、Micro - CT、丽春红三色染色等观察低强度超声治疗组(实验Ⅱ组)与未用低强度超声治疗组(实验Ⅰ组),并与对照组进行比较. 结果 成功建立放射线损伤的动物模型.实验Ⅱ组微血管密度大于实验Ⅰ组.实验Ⅱ组骨小梁的骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度、骨表面积和骨体积的比值和骨小梁数量大于实验Ⅰ组(P＜0.05).丽春红三色染色可见实验Ⅰ组骨细胞大部分消失,松质骨小梁萎缩;实验Ⅱ组见大量骨质形成,形成越来越多的骨小梁,骨小梁边沿可见大量成骨细胞. 结论 低强度超声对放射线照射后的骨组织具有较好的修复作用.