The Association Between Habitual Sleep Duration and Mortality According to Sex and Age: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study

BackgroundShort and long sleep durations are associated with mortality outcomes. The association between sleep duration and mortality outcomes may differ according to sex and age.MethodsParticipants of the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study (JPHC Study) were aged 40–69 years and had completed a detailed questionnaire on lifestyle factors. Sex- and age-stratified analyses on the association between habitual sleep duration and mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer and other causes included 46,152 men and 53,708 women without a history of CVD or cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to determine hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsMean follow-up time was 19.9 years for men and 21.0 years for women. In the multivariable sex-stratified models, some categories of sleep durations ≥8 hours were positively associated with mortality from all-causes, CVD, and other causes in men and women compared with 7 hours. The sex- and age-stratified analyses did not reveal any major differences in the association between sleep duration and mortality outcomes in groups younger and older than 50 years of age. The only exception was the significant interaction between sleep duration and age in women for mortality from other causes.ConclusionsSleep durations ≥8 hours are associated with mortality outcomes in men and women. Age may be an effect modifier for the association between sleep duration and mortality from other causes in women.Key words: all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, cancer mortality, general population, Japan, sleep duration     

Family history of cancer and subsequent risk of cancer: A large-scale population-based prospective study in Japan

Family history (FH) of cancer is an important factor of increased risk of several cancers. Although the association between FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk has been reported in many previous epidemiological studies, no comprehensive prospective study with adjustment for lifestyle habits has evaluated the association of FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk. We investigated the association between FH of cancer and concordant cancer risk in a Japanese population-based prospective study, initiated in 1990 for cohort I and in 1993 for cohort II. We analyzed data on 103,707 eligible subjects without a history of cancer who responded to a self-administered questionnaire including FH of cancer at baseline. Study subjects were followed through 2012 and analyzed using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. During 1,802,581 person-years of follow-up, a total of 16,336 newly diagnosed cancers were identified. Any site (Hazard ratios = 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.07–1.15]), esophagus (2.11 [1.00–4.45]), stomach (1.36 [1.19–1.55]), liver (1.69 [1.10–2.61]), pancreas (2.63 [1.45–4.79]), lung (1.51 [1.14–2.00]), uterus (1.93 [1.06–3.51]) and bladder cancers (6.06 [2.49–14.74]) with FH of the concordant cancer were associated with an increased risk compared to those without FH. Our findings suggest that having FH of cancer is associated with an increased risk of several concordant cancer incidences in an Asian population. Enquiring about FH of several types of cancer may be important in identifying groups at high-risk of those cancers.     

Construction and characterization of an OmpH-deficient mutant of Pasteurella multocida strain X-73

A capsule-defective mutant strain PBA129 of Pasteurella multocida was constructed by electroporation of phagemid containing the coding region of the antisense RNA of the ompH gene into the wild type strain X-73 (serovar A:1) of P. multocida. The pathogenicity and protective potency of the mutant against homologous and heterologous challenge in mice and chickens were characterized. Greyish colonies of the mutant, indicating lower capsule thickness, on selective dextrose starch agar were observed under an obliquely transmitted light stereomicroscope and compared to iridescent colonies of the wild type strain X-73. Strain PBA129 had lower capsule thickness than the wild type strain as observed with an electron microscope. Strain PBA129 was apparently attenuated, as mice and chickens inoculated with the bacteria at 10⁸ CFU survived. Protection was observed in both mice and chickens inoculated with strain PBA129 upon challenge exposure to avian P. multocida strains X-73 and P-1059 (serovar A:3), respectively. In conclusion, the mutant strain PBA129 of P. multocida strain X-73 was completely attenuated, and it was possible to induce sufficient protection against avian P. multocida strains.     

Fate of full‐house immunofluorescence staining in renal allograft: A case report

Here, we report the case of a patient with renal allograft with full‐house immunofluorescence staining in the zero‐hour biopsy. Full‐house immunofluorescence staining is a well‐known characteristic of lupus nephritis. Previous studies have reported patients with full‐house immunofluorescence staining, but without other symptoms or serological findings; this condition is referred to as full‐house nephropathy. We identified only one case out of 2203 zero‐hour biopsies over 13 years. Zero‐hour biopsy presented no glomerular changes but showed full‐house immunofluorescence staining. Electron microscopy revealed a nonorganized electron‐dense deposit mainly in the mesangial lesion. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)‐associated antibodies were negative, and complement deficiency was not observed in the donor patients. Deposition of immunoglobulin and complement levels markedly decreased within 1–3 years post transplantation. Neither donor nor recipient developed clinical or biological features of SLE; they showed good renal prognosis.     

Female reproductive factors and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among women: The Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study (JPHC study)

Purpose

We investigated the association between reproductive history and mortality from all and major causes among Japanese women.

Bacterial adherence to gingival epithelial cells of rats with naturally occurring gingivitis

Bacterial adherence to gingival cells was compared in rats with spontaneous gingivitis (SUS rat) and in control rats (RES rat). In the SUS rat, the number of adherent bacteria in gingival cells changed according to the progression of gingival inflammation. There was a correlation between the change of the number of adherent bacteria, progress of inflammation and pH in the pocket. In the RES rat, the number of adherent bacteria was constant and very small. In the adherence assay, adherence of Bacteroides intermedius to epithelial cells was dependent on the pH. Adherence of B. intermedius was better than that of other species. B. gingivalis and B. macacae showed good adherence but B. levii showed poor adherence. Adherence to the epithelial cells of the SUS rat was always better than that of the RES rat. These results were supported by scanning electron microscopic studies.     

Influence of the inclination of the plate of an intra-oral tracing device on the condylar position registered by tapping movement

The object of this study was to determine the best inclination of the intra-oral tracing device to get optimum condylar position with the registration of tapping movement. Three appliances with different tracing plate inclinations were used in five healthy subjects. The tracing plates were set at 0 degrees to occlusal plane (horizontal); at the angle formed by drawing a line from condylar point to the stylus position at occlusal plane (inclined); then at the angle half to inclined (half-inclined). Subjects made Gothic arch and tapping movements (n = 30) at a 30 mm interincisal distance with the head Camper plane horizontal. The incisal and condylar points were tracked with a 6-degree-of-freedom jaw movement tracking system. The location of gothic arch apex, the distribution and mean position of 30 tapping points from intercuspal position were analyzed in incisal and condylar point between the appliances. Data were analyzed with repeated measures one-way anova. Results showed that mean position of tapping points were significantly different among the appliances. Half-inclined appliance recorded tapping points in a convergent area nearer to intercuspal position (IP) than other appliances. In all appliances, the contact points of the tapping movement were anterior to Gothic arch apex.     

Traumatic neuroma of the bile duct

We present the CT and MRI findings of a traumatic neuroma of the bile duct, which is not a true neoplasm, but a reactive proliferation of pericholangial nerve tissue induced by cholecystectomy. Previous authors have shown a dilatation of the bile duct without a nodule. In our case, a nodule was present, and it was markedly enhanced.