静息状态脑功能网络的研究及应用

目的:对静息状态网络的研究方法、初步的研究成果等作以介绍,并结合静息状态网络在阿尔茨海默病早期预警中的应用,介绍静息状态脑网络的应用。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed1980-01/2006-12与静息状态网络相关的文献,检索词“restingstate,functional connectivity”,并限定文献语言种类为“English”;同时计算机检索万方数据库1995-01/2006-12有关方面的文献,检索词为“静息,功能连接,阿尔茨海默病”,并限定语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括静息状态的相关文献,开始查找原文。纳入标准:①有关静息状态脑网络和功能连接的研究。②有关阿尔茨海默病的研究。排除标准:重复研究。资料提炼:共收集到53篇有关静息状态网络方面的研究,排除23篇重复性研究,30篇符合要求。资料综合:近年来,研究者发现大脑处于无任务的静息状态时,仍然存在着某种功能活动。这些现象表明大脑在静息状态时可能存在有组织的网络。这有助于对人脑高级意识和某些认知疾病的研究,因此,有关这方面的工作越来越受到人们的重视。结论:对静息状态网络的本质和规律的研究还很有限,对这个网络所支持的精确的功能还有待于进一步研究。     

异硫氰酸荧光素标记动态观察天花粉蛋白对黑色素瘤B16细胞的损伤

目的:应用异硫氰酸荧光素标记天花粉蛋白,在激光共聚焦显微镜下直接观察天花粉蛋白进入黑色素瘤B16细胞的动态过程并分析其对黑色瘤B16细胞的损伤作用。方法:实验于2003-08/2004-08在南通大学神经再生重点实验室完成。将常规传代培养的黑色素瘤B16细胞用胰酶消化,以5×109个/L的浓度种植于24孔培养板。将天花粉蛋白、异硫氰酸荧光素-天花粉蛋白、异硫氰酸荧光素-牛血清白蛋白分别加入培养细胞中,终浓度为50mg/L,同时加入等量生理盐水作为正常对照组,每组再分别设3,6,12h不同孵育时间组。异硫氰酸荧光素标记天花粉蛋白后,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察异硫氰酸荧光素-天花粉蛋白进入细胞的过程及其荧光强度,CCK-8细胞毒性实验评估各组细胞存活率、并用单细胞凝胶电泳及hoechst33258染核观察天花粉蛋白对黑色素瘤B16细胞致DNA损伤作用。结果:①终浓度50mg/L的异硫氰酸荧光素-天花粉蛋白孵育3h时已经进入黑色素瘤细胞,6h时进入细胞量达到最高,12h时已轻度下降,各时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。异硫氰酸荧光素-天花粉蛋白组与异硫氰酸荧光素-牛血清白蛋白组荧光强度差异有显著性(P<0.01)。②终浓度50mg/L异硫氰酸荧光素-天花粉蛋白、天花粉蛋白孵育黑色素瘤细胞3,6h后利用单细胞电泳和Hoechst33258染色未观察到核形态的变化;但孵育6h后CCK-8细胞毒性实验显示活细胞数量明显下降;孵育12h后出现DNA损伤的特征性彗星尾现象,并观察到明显的核浓缩和边集现象,出现特征性凋亡小体。结论:孵育6h时天花粉蛋白进入细胞量最多,但并没有明显的细胞DNA损伤的作用,而孵育12h时产生明显的细胞毒作用和凋亡的发生。     

上海市0～6岁小儿佝偻病的现状调查

目的:了解上海市小儿佝偻病的现状及影响因素。方法:2005年春季以整群和分层随机抽样法抽取上海市部分城区0～6岁小儿821名,采取问卷调查方法了解小儿的生活环境、饮食习惯、户外活动、营养状况、既往疾病史及母亲的妊娠情况等。佝偻病的诊断以1996年国家卫生部颁布的"婴幼儿佝偻病防治方案"为诊断标准。结果:取得完整有效资料769名,其中男童396名,女童373名;集居儿童456名,散居儿童313名。①小儿佝偻病患病率为17.3%(133/769),其中男童患病率为17.4%、女童为17.2%。②佝偻病与喂养方式(母乳喂养的患病率为13.0%、混合喂养的患病率为17.5%、人工喂养的患病率为25.2%)、鱼肝油添加(按时添加维生素D的患病率为13.5%、偶加或未加维生素D的患病率为32.5%)、居住环境(居住在市区的患病率为23.6%、居住在郊区的患病率为10.6%;集居儿童患病率为13.8%、散居儿童患病率为22.4%)、户外活动时间(经常户外活动的患病率为12.9%、偶尔户外活动的患病率为31.8%)、反复呼吸道感染(小儿有反复呼吸道感染的患病率为26.9%、无反复呼吸道感染的患病率为12.9%)、母孕期缺钙(母孕期有缺钙的患病率为33.2%、无缺钙的患病率为12.0%)等因素有关(P<0.01)。结论:上海市小儿佝偻病患病率有上升趋势。影响因素与城市环境污染、母乳喂养减少、年轻父母科学育儿知识缺乏等有关。     

Serum interleukin-10 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a prognostic factor

Serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) was measured retrospectively in 153 patients with a fully documented history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting both human IL-10 and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) molecule BCRF1/viral IL- 10. IL-10 was detectable in 47 (46%) of the 101 patients with active NHL, 3 of 52 (6%) patients in first partial or complete response, and none of the 60 healthy blood donors. Serum IL-10 was detectable with a similar frequency in all subtypes of NHL and in all clinical stages, as well as in EBV-seropositive and EBV-negative patients. In patients with intermediate or high-grade NHL, the presence of detectable serum IL-10 at diagnosis was correlated to a significantly shorter overall (P = .025) and progression-free (P = .030) survival. Patients with stage IV disease and detectable serum IL-10 had a particularly poor prognosis (4 years of survival: 0%). Multivariate analysis showed that IL-10 was an independent prognosis factor. These results indicate that IL-10 is detectable in a subgroup of patients with active NHL and correlates to a poor survival in patients with intermediate or high-grade NHL.     

Xenophagy in Helicobacter pylori‐ and Epstein–Barr virus‐induced gastric cancer

Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) account for roughly 80% and 10%, respectively, of gastric carcinomas worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and intricately regulated cellular process that involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles into double‐membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes for degradation of the engulfed content. Emerging evidence indicates that xenophagy, a form of selective autophagy, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori‐ and EBV‐induced gastric cancer. Xenophagy specifically recognizes intracellular H. pylori and EBV and physically targets these pathogens to the autophagosomal–lysosomal pathway for degradation. In this connection, H. pylori or EBV‐induced dysregulation of autophagy may be causally linked to gastric tumourigenesis and therefore can be exploited as therapeutic targets. This review will discuss how H. pylori and EBV infection activate autophagy and how these pathogens evade recognition and degradation by the autophagic pathway. Elucidating the molecular aspects of H. pylori‐ and EBV‐induced autophagy will help us better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and promote the development of autophagy modulators as antimicrobial agents. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

Doctor, my son is so tired... about a case of hereditary fructose intolerance

We present the case of a 17-year-old male who was diagnosed at birth with hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI). The patient complained of morning-time asthenia and post-prandial drowsiness despite a correct sleep pattern. The physical examination and biological check-up only showed severe vitamin C deficiency (<10 mol/l; normal range: 26-84). The patient's tiredness was attributed to this vitamin C deficiency, which is a frequent side-affect of the fructose-free diet. A change in diet associated with a supplementation in vitamin C was advised, with an increase in vegetable intake, principally avoiding carrots, onions, leaks and tinned sweet-corn. This case offers the opportunity for a review of this rare disease. Two kinds of fructose metabolism disorders (both autosomal recessive) are recognized: 1) essential fructosuria caused by a deficiency of fructokinase, which has no clinical consequence and requires no dietary treatment; 2) HFI, linked to three main mutations identified in aldolase B gene that may be confirmed by fructose breath test, intravenous fructose tolerance test, and genetic testing. In HFI, fructose ingestion generally induces gastro-intestinal (nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, meteorism) and hypoglycemic symptoms. Fasting is well tolerated. If the condition remains undiagnosed, it leads to liver disease with hepatomegaly, proximal tubular dysfunction, and slow growth and weight gain. In conclusion, endocrinologists should be aware of this rare metabolic disease in order to provide careful follow-up, particularly important when the patient reaches adulthood. Moreover, hypoglycemia induced by fructose absorption, unexplained liver disease, irritable bowel syndrome or familial gout in an adult is suggestive of the diagnosis.     

Pulp revascularization for immature replanted teeth: a case report

Immature avulsed teeth are not usually treated with pulp revascularization because of the possibility of complications. However, this therapy has shown success in the treatment of immature teeth with periapical lesions. This report describes the case of an immature replanted tooth that was successfully treated by pulp revascularization. An 8‐year‐old boy suffered avulsion on his maxillary left lateral incisor. The tooth showed incomplete root development and was replanted after 30 minutes. After diagnosis, revascularization therapy was performed by irrigating the root canal and applying a calcium hydroxide paste and 2% chlorhexidine gel for 21 days. In the second session, the intracanal dressing was removed and a blood clot was stimulated up to the cervical third of the root canal. Mineral trioxide aggregate was placed as a cervical barrier at the entrance of the root canal and the crown was restored. During the follow‐up period, periapical repair, apical closure and calcification in the apical 4 mm of the root canal was observed. An avulsed immature tooth replanted after a brief extra‐alveolar period and maintained in a viable storage medium may be treated with revascularization.     

Radiation therapy with 131I-MIBG is still relevant for metastatic carcinoid tumors

We report different treatment options (currently used and on trial) for a patient with a gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor and metastases in the liver, and discuss the advantages of using internal radiotherapy with 131I-MIBG rather than other treatments. According to the literature, this pathology has a poor prognosis, and considering the significant efficacy of this radiopharmaceutical treatment on symptoms, tumor reduction, and biochemical parameters, it seems to be under used. There are currently no standard treatment options. We present a management strategy for gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors with 131I-MIBG.