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Phytonutrients extracted from natural resources are receiving much attention among researchers due to their highly antioxidative characteristics which prevent several degenerative diseases including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. These nutraceutical compounds can be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as natural antioxidants, preservatives, colourants and functional foods. Huge volume of food wastes are generated from the processing industry and these low-value food residues are rich in various phytonutrients worth recovering. This approach of valorisation reduces the generation of food wastes and is cost-effective considering the cheap feedstock, reduced waste management expenses and high market value of extracted compounds. In light of the health and safety risks posed by commonly used organic extraction solvents derived from the petrochemical industry, there is a need to recover the phytonutrients using green, sustainable and efficient solvents that are safe for human consumption. This work discusses ethyl lactate as a safe, green, efficient and potentially cheap solvent to recover phytonutrients from fruit and vegetable by-products. Ethyl lactate is compared with other organic solvents commonly used from the aspects of safety, environmental impacts and efficiency. Current challenges when employing ethyl lactate are also discussed. 相似文献
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Caryn Wujanto Jeremy Tey David Chia Francis Ho Kiat Huat Ooi Alvin S. Wong Yu Yang Soon Keith Lim 《Journal of Geriatric Oncology》2019,10(2):292-297
Background
Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is prevalent in the older patients, who are a vulnerable population with multiple co-morbidities and at increased risk of complications. Radical cystectomy is often not suitable, hence radical radiotherapy (RT) is an alternative option. We reviewed the outcomes of older patients treated with RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy (CRT) at our institution.Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients aged 65?years and above treated with radical RT for MIBC at our institution between March 2002 to January 2017. Data was collected from institutional medical records and RT databases. The primary outcome was 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS), recurrence free survival (RFS), and toxicities. Univariate cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to identify independent factors with significant impact on survival.Results
We identified 45 patients (34 males, 11 females) with a median age of 77?years (range 65–95). All patients received maximal transurethral resection of the bladder tumour prior to RT. Median dose of total RT was 64?Gy (range 50–69.8?Gy). Twenty one patients (47%) received CRT. Planned treatment was completed in 42 (93.3%) patients. Median follow-up was 31?months (range 1–147?months). The 2- and 5-year OS was 64% and 44%, respectively. The 2- and 5-year RFS was 68% and 49%, respectively. Median RFS was 34?months (range 8–121?months). Median OS was 56?months (range 18–100?months). Univariate analysis showed that performance status (0–1 vs. 2–3; HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.07–6.8, p?=?0.035) and International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) group (≤2 vs. >2; HR 3.23, 95% CI 1.12–8.64, p?=?0.019) were significantly associated with increased hazard for death. One patient (2%) had grade 3 cystitis.Conclusion
Radical RT is well tolerated in older patients with MIBC. We report outcomes similar to published data. Older patients should be considered for curative treatment despite their age. However, careful selection is warranted as frail patients (PS ≥2; SIOG >2) may benefit less. 相似文献5.
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Nur Diyana Md Nasir Cedric Chuan Young Ng Vikneswari Rajasegaran Suet Far Wong Wei Liu Gwendolene Xin Pei Ng Jing Yi Lee Peiyong Guan Jing Quan Lim Aye Aye Thike Valerie Cui Yun Koh Benjamin Nathanael Loke Kenneth Tou En Chang Mihir Ananta Gudi Derrick Wen Quan Lian Preetha Madhukumar Benita Kiat Tee Tan Veronique Kiak Mien Tan Chow Yin Wong Wei Sean Yong Gay Hui Ho Kong Wee Ong International Fibroepithelial Consortium Patrick Tan Bin Tean Teh Puay Hoon Tan 《The Journal of pathology》2019,249(4):447-460
Fibroepithelial lesions (FELs) are a heterogeneous group of tumours comprising fibroadenomas (FAs) and phyllodes tumours (PTs). Here we used a 16-gene panel that was previously discovered to be implicated in pathogenesis and progression, to characterise a large international cohort of FELs via targeted sequencing. The study comprised 303 (38%) FAs and 493 (62%) PTs which were contributed by the International Fibroepithelial Consortium. There were 659 (83%) Asian and 109 (14%) non-Asian FELs, while the ethnicity of the rest was unknown. Genetic aberrations were significantly associated with increasing grade of PTs, and were detected more in PTs than FAs for MED12, TERT promoter, RARA, FLNA, SETD2, TP53, RB1, EGFR, and IGF1R. Most borderline and malignant PTs possessed ≥ 2 mutations, while there were more cases of FAs with ≤ 1 mutation compared to PTs. FELs with MED12 mutations had significantly higher rates of TERT promoter, RARA, SETD2, EGFR, ERBB4, MAP3K1, and IGF1R aberrations. However, FELs with wild-type MED12 were more likely to express TP53 and PIK3CA mutations. There were no significant differences observed between the mutational profiles of recurrent FAs, FAs with a history of subsequent ipsilateral recurrence or contralateral occurrence, and FAs without a history of subsequent events. We identified recurrent mutations which were more frequent in PTs than FAs, with borderline and malignant PTs harbouring cancer driver gene and multiple mutations. This study affirms the role of a set of genes in FELs, including its potential utility in classification based on mutational profiles. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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William E. Dubbin Tee Boon Goh 《Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology》2018,100(3):409-415
Siderophores are a diverse group of low molecular weight biogenic metallophores with a particular affinity for Fe(III) but they also have potential to complex a number of other polyvalent metal cations, including Cr(III). Here we show that two hydroxamate siderophores, desferrioxamine B and rhodotorulic acid, at environmentally relevant concentrations, facilitate the dissolution of hydroxy-Cr(III) precipitates from a common layer silicate. Desferrioxamine B and rhodotorulic acid induced maximum initial Cr dissolution rates of 11.3?±?1.7?×?10??4 and 9.03?±?0.68?×?10??4 µmol m??2 h??1, respectively, yielding maximum solution Cr concentrations of 0.26?±?0.01 and 0.20?±?0.02 µmol m??2, respectively. These data demonstrate that hydroxamate siderophores may play an important role increasing the dispersal of Cr in natural environments, thus facilitating greater bioavailability of this potential toxin. 相似文献