应用不同技术检测白血病患者融合基因的比较

<正>慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)是一种起源于造血干细胞的恶性血液病,是迄今发现的第一种与染色体异常直接相关的人类恶性肿瘤。CML患者具有特征性的Ph染色体,该染色体是9号和22号染色体相互易位形成的,其形成的BCR-ABL融合基因编码产生的Bcr-Abl融合蛋白与正常abl蛋白相比,具有较强的酪氨酸激酶活性,从而促进细胞分裂、降低细胞对凋亡信号的反应、延长细胞存活,导致白血病的发生[1,2]。     

ACCESS全自动微粒子化学发光仪回收试剂的利用与评价

目的：为保证实验结果的准确性,探讨残留试剂的最佳保存方法,评估其各项技术指标。方法：收集残留试剂进行有效处理并破译试剂包密码。结果：AFP等十项批内和批 间平均变异系数（CV％）分别小于4．15％和5．27％,其中E2,TT4的CV％＞9．67％,与新试剂比较P＞0．05,相关良好,r在0．9998－0．9999之间,回收率为95．2％－105．1％。结论：该处理方法有利于试剂保存,操作简便,结果达到实验要求,但对检测小分子物质的试剂不可回收利用。     

慢性粒细胞白血病Ph染色体R显带分析与bcl/abl mRNA检测

慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)的细胞遗传特征是具有Ph染色体,即t(9;22)(q34;q11),其结果在分子水平上形成bcl/abl融合基因,该基因表达的蛋白能使细胞调控系统发生紊乱和抑制细胞凋亡,这可能是正常细胞转化为白血病细胞的重要环节.     

伴颈动脉粥样硬化脑梗患者CD4+CD28null T细胞CD158j表达和ERK磷酸化水平的关系

目的 探讨伴颈动脉粥样硬化(CA)脑梗患者CD4+CD28null T细胞上CD158j的表达百分率和ERK磷酸化(p-ERK)水平的关系及对颈动脉粥样斑块不稳定的影响.方法 采用流式细胞术检测106例伴CA脑梗、33例颈动脉正常脑梗患者和50例健康人外周血CD4+CD28null T细胞数量,以及CD4+CD28null T细胞CD158j和穿孔素(perforin)的表达,36例斑块不稳定患者CD4+T细胞p-ERK水平.ELISA法检测血清IFN-γ水平.B超检查以上人群颈动脉血管内壁粥样硬化情况.结果 脑梗患者CD4+CD28nullT细胞数量、CD4+CD28null T细胞CD158j和perforin的表达,以及血清IFN-γ水平,均明显高于健康对照组(P均<0.01);CD4+CD28null T细胞数量、CD4+CD28null T细胞CD158j和perforin的表达,以及血清IFN-γ水平,在脑梗患者中由高到低依次为颈动脉不稳定斑块组、颈动脉稳定斑块组、颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)增厚组和颈动脉正常组.颈动脉不稳定斑块脑梗患者CD4+CD28null T细胞CD158j的表达与p-ERK水平呈显著性正相关(P<0.01).结论 伴CA脑梗患者CD4+CD28null T细胞数量明显增多.CD158j可能通过上调p-ERK水平,促进CD4+CD28null淋巴细胞增殖,产生细胞毒效应和分泌细胞因子,最终导致颈动脉粥样斑块不稳定.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between CD158j expression and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) in CD4+ CD28null T cells in cerebral infarction (CI) patients- with carotid atherosclerosis and its effects on carotid atherosclerotic plaque stability. Methods Percentage of peripheral CD4+ CD28null and the expression of CD158j and perform on CD4+ CD28null cells was analyzed with flow cytometry in 106 CI patients with carotid atherosclerosis, 33 CI patients with normal carotid arteries and in 50 normal controls, respectively; p-ERK expression was assayed with flow cytometry in 36 CI patients with unstable plaque, and serum IFN-γ was detected with ELISA. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of bilateral carotid arteries in all subjects was confirmed by the colour Doppler ultrasonograph imagingResults Percentage of the CD4+ CD28null T cells, expression of CD158j and perform on CD4+ CD28null T cells and the serum IFN-γ levels was dramatically higher in CI patients than that in normal controls, respectively (all P <0.01), which was decreased in an order of CI patients with patients with unstable plaque, stable plaque, carotid artery IMT and with normal carotid artery. A strong positive correlation was observed between the CD158j expression and degree of p-ERK in CI patients with unstable plaque (P < 0. 01). Conclusion CD4+ CD28null T cells were significantly increased in CI patients with carotid atherosclerosis. CD158j might up-regulate p-ERK expression and induce the proliferation of the CD4+ CD28nullT cells; consequently, higher cytokine production such as IFN-γ produced by CD4+ CD28null T cells may cause the formation of unstable plaque.     

慢性粒细胞白血病Ph染色体R显带分析与bcl／abl mRNA检测

慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）的细胞遗传特征是具有Ph染色体．即t（9；22）（q34；q11），其结果在分子水平上形成bcl／abl融合基因，该基因表达的蛋白能使细胞调控系统发生紊乱和抑制细胞凋亡。这可能是正常细胞转化为白血病细胞的重要环节。据报道。在95％以上的CML患者中可以检测到Ph染色体。因此。在CML患者的诊断和治疗监测中，Ph染色体分析和bcl／abl融合基因检测具有重要价值。为进一步明确CML患者中Ph染色体与bcl／abl融合基因表达之间的关系，     

伴颈动脉粥样硬化脑梗患者CD4+CD28null T细胞CD158j表达和ERK磷酸化水平的关系

Objective To investigate the relationship between CD158j expression and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) in CD4+ CD28null T cells in cerebral infarction (CI) patients- with carotid atherosclerosis and its effects on carotid atherosclerotic plaque stability. Methods Percentage of peripheral CD4+ CD28null and the expression of CD158j and perform on CD4+ CD28null cells was analyzed with flow cytometry in 106 CI patients with carotid atherosclerosis, 33 CI patients with normal carotid arteries and in 50 normal controls, respectively; p-ERK expression was assayed with flow cytometry in 36 CI patients with unstable plaque, and serum IFN-γ was detected with ELISA. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of bilateral carotid arteries in all subjects was confirmed by the colour Doppler ultrasonograph imagingResults Percentage of the CD4+ CD28null T cells, expression of CD158j and perform on CD4+ CD28null T cells and the serum IFN-γ levels was dramatically higher in CI patients than that in normal controls, respectively (all P <0.01), which was decreased in an order of CI patients with patients with unstable plaque, stable plaque, carotid artery IMT and with normal carotid artery. A strong positive correlation was observed between the CD158j expression and degree of p-ERK in CI patients with unstable plaque (P < 0. 01). Conclusion CD4+ CD28null T cells were significantly increased in CI patients with carotid atherosclerosis. CD158j might up-regulate p-ERK expression and induce the proliferation of the CD4+ CD28nullT cells; consequently, higher cytokine production such as IFN-γ produced by CD4+ CD28null T cells may cause the formation of unstable plaque.     

糖皮质激素治疗一例2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)危重型患者炎症反应动态观察

目的: 探讨糖皮质激素治疗对2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）危重型患者炎症反应和临床预后的影响。方法: 回顾性分析浙江省首例COVID-19危重型患者的流行病学史、诊疗经过和患者预后。患者于入院第2天开始采用甲泼尼龙80 mg治疗,其后适时调整剂量,累计使用13 d。动态监测激素治疗前后患者淋巴细胞亚群（CD4⁺T、CD8⁺T、NK细胞、B细胞）和淋巴细胞因子（IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、γ干扰素）变化情况。结果: 入院第1天,患者外周血CD3⁺T、CD4⁺T、CD8⁺T、NK细胞数较正常值范围明显降低;随着病情改善,CD3⁺T、CD8⁺T和CD4⁺T细胞数量逐渐恢复,呈线性增长趋势（线性拟合方程：Y=18.59X+109.4,P < 0.05）。入院第2天,患者IL-6、IL-10显著高于正常值,γ干扰素处于正常高值,随后迅速降低;IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α均在正常值范围。入院第6、7天,患者IL-6、IL-10首次降至正常值范围。入院第18天,患者痰液病毒核酸检测首次阴性,粪便病毒核酸检测仍为阳性;入院第20天,患者痰液和粪便病毒核酸检测均为阴性。入院第34天,患者痊愈出院,出院时肌力评分44分,日常生活能力评分90分。结论: 缺少有效抗病毒药物的情况下,COVID-19危重型患者早期使用合适剂量的糖皮质激素能够迅速减轻炎症反应程度、改善临床症状,但这在一定程度上会减少T细胞数量,须及时调整剂量。     

多发性骨髓瘤流式细胞术免疫表型及微量残留病研究

目的 探讨MM细胞免疫表型特征及MRD检测的临床意义.方法 应用多参数流式细胞术检测16名健康对照者和172例MM患者的免疫表型.32例MM患者缓解后作MRD分析,同时进行跟踪随访,分析MRD阳性和阴性对MM患者的复发率和无病生存时间是否存在影响.结果 流式细胞术检测结果显示,16名健康对照者正常浆细胞CD38、CD 138、CD19、CD45均阳性,172例MM患者骨髓瘤细胞主要免疫表型为CD+38 172例(100.0%)、CD+138172例(100.0%)、CD-19 167例(97.1%)、CD+56 152例(88.4%)、CD-45 166例(96.5%),骨髓瘤细胞具有显著的特征性表型,即CD+38、CD+138、CD+56、CD-19、CD-45.32例MM患者缓解后进行MRD检测,其中14例MRD阴性,18例MRD阳性.随访2～16个月后,MRD阴性组4例复发(28.6%),MRD阳性组13例复发(72.2%),两组复发率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.03,P＜0.05).MRD阴性组累积无病生存时间中位数16.23(10.37～21.62)个月,明显长于MRD阳性组的10.07(3.79～16.20)个月,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.53,P＜0.05).结论 MM患者骨髓瘤细胞主要免疫表型特征是CD+38、CD+138、CD1-19、CD-45、CD+56.多发性骨髓瘤MRD检测可以作为临床预后的参考指标.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the characteristics of immunophenotyping and clinical significance of MRD analysis in MM patients. Methods Multi-parameter flow cytometry was applied to analyze the immunophenotyping of malignant plasma cells from 172 MM patients, and normal plasma cells from 16 healthy individuals. MRD was analyzed in 32 MM patients with remission. Meanwhile, the effects of MRD status on the disease relapse and patient disease free survival ( DFS ) time was evaluated by following up patients. Results The immunophenotyping of normal plasma cells were CD38, CD138, CD19 and CD45 positive, while the predominant phenotype of MM cells were CD+38( 100.0% ), CD+138( 100.0% ), CD-19 ( 167/172, 97. 1% ), CD+56( 152/172, 88.4% ) and CD-45( 166/172, 96. 5% ). The characteristic markers for MM cells were CD+38, CD-138, CD-19, CD-45 and CD+56. MRD analysis revealed that, among 32 MM patients with remission, 14 patients were MRD negative and 18 patients were MRD positive. During follow-up of 2 to 16 months, the relapse rate in MRD negative patients was significantly lower ( 4/14, 28.6% ) than that of MRD positive patients ( 13/18, 72. 2% ;χ2 =6. 03, P ＜0. 05 ). Furthermore, the DFS time was significantly longer in MRD negative patients[ 16. 23( 10. 37-21.62 )months ] than that of the MRD positive patients [ 10. 07( 3. 79-16. 20 )months,χ2 =7. 53,P ＜0. 05 ]. Conclusions CD+38, CD+138, CD-19, CD-45 and CD+56 are the characteristic markers of MM cells compared to those of the normal plasma cells. MRD analysis is a valuable prognostic factor for MM patients.     

急性髓系白血病CD44v6的表达和ERK磷酸化水平的关系

目的 探讨CD44v6和p-ERK1/2在AML中的表达及临床意义.方法 应用流式细胞仪检测22名健康对照者及152例AML患者骨髓原始细胞上CD44v6及p-ERK1/2的表达.对其中129例AML患者进行了跟踪随访,分析CD+44v6和CD-44v6对AML患者的复发率以及生存时间是否存在影响.结果 22名健康对照者中,各有1例(4.5%)CD44v6和p-ERK1/2阳性.152例AML患者中,55例(36.2%)CD44v6阳性,97例(64.5%)p-ERK1/2阳性.AML患者组骨髓原始细胞p-ERK1/2的MFI为14(7～58),高于健康对照组的8(6～10),差异有统计学意义(U=4.2,P＜0.01).CD+44v6 AML患者p-ERK1/2的MFI为28(15～61),高于CD-44v6 AML患者的18(6～37),差异有统计学意义(U=6.7,P＜0.01).CD44v6的MFI与p-ERK1/2的MFI呈显著性正相关(ra=0.7,P＜0.01).对129例AML患者进行了4～65个月的随访,其中CD-44v6患者的复发率为32.1%(26/81),低于CD+44v6患者的复发率81.3%(39/48),差异有统计学意义(x2=29.1,P＜0.01).生存分析表明,CD+44v6AML患者平均生存时间为(28.5±1.8)个月,CD-44v6AML患者平均生存时间为(51.2±2.0)个月,差异有统计学意义(x2=48.2,P＜0.01).结论 CD44v6阳性的AML患者生存时间明显缩短、预后差.CD44v6可能通过上调p-ERK1/2水平促进白血病细胞增殖.     

台州地区孕妇孕中期母血清产前筛查结果分析

目的 探讨孕中期母血清产前筛查系统对唐氏综合征(DS)和18-三体综合征及神经管畸形(NTD)检出的临床应用价值.方法 应用时间分辨荧光免疫分析技术(DELFIA)对120 309名孕中期(15 ～21周)孕妇进行血清标记物甲胎蛋白+游离人绒毛膜促性腺激素(AFP+ free β-HCG)两联指标检测,筛查结果应用Lifecycle3.0软件进行出生缺陷风险评估.结果 120 309名孕中期孕妇筛查出高风险孕妇5 022例,阳性率为4.17％;4 494例21-三体综合征和18-三体综合征高风险孕妇中有3 573例接受羊水或脐血穿刺产前诊断,占79.51％,发现胎儿核型异常49例,异常检出率为1.37％,其中DS 22例、18-三体综合征6例、其他异常核型21例.结论 孕中期母血清标记物两联指标的产前筛查是预测DS和18-三体综合征、NTD的有效指标.