PEG-rhG-CSF预防卵巢癌、宫颈癌化疗中性粒细胞缺乏的临床研究

目的:探讨应用聚乙二醇化重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(PEG-rhG-CSF)对卵巢癌、宫颈癌化疗患者粒细胞减少的影响，并观察不良反应。方法:选择本院2015年4月至2017年6月卵巢癌、宫颈癌患者136例，随机分为对照组（68例）和研究组（68例），对照组应用rhG-CSF，研究组应用PEG-rhG-CSF，两组均化疗两个周期，评估患者两个周期不同时间血常规绝对中性粒细胞计数值（ANC）水平、ANC不同数量发生率和持续时间以及不良反应。结果:研究组患者第一个化疗周期第5 d、第7 d、第10 d和第14 d 及第二个化疗周期第3 d、第5 d、第7 d、第10 d和第14 d血ANC分别为（3.19±0.32）×109/L、（1.93±0.35）×109/L、（2.08±0.39）×109/L、（2.11±0.36）×109/L和（2.79±0.40）×109/L、（2.44±0.33）×109/L、（1.68±0.34）×109/L、（1.71±0.37）×109/L、（1.92±0.34）×109/L，均高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。研究组患者第一个和第二个化疗周期ANC＜1.5×109/L、ANC＜1.0×109/L和ANC＜0.5×109/L发生率分别为23.53%（16/68）、8.82%（6/68）、2.94%（2/68）和29.41%（20/68）、10.29%（7/68）、5.88%（4/68），均低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。研究组患者第一个和第二个化疗周期ANC＜1.5×109/L、ANC＜1.0×109/L和ANC＜0.5×109/L持续时间分别为（3.50±0.18）d、（2.17±0.23)d、（2.06±0.29）d和（4.08±0.22）d、（4.62±0.29）d、（4.11±0.24）d，均短于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。研究组中、重度不良反应总发生率为10.29%（7/68），低于对照组23.53%（16/68），差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论:应用PEG-rhG-CSF能够有效预防卵巢癌、宫颈癌化疗患者粒细胞减少，不良反应显著降低，值得临床推广应用。     

B-Lynch子宫缝扎术治疗剖宫产术中大出血疗效观察

对33例剖宫产术中发生子宫收缩乏力性出血的产妇，行B-Lynch子宫缝扎术止血，结果所有产妇子宫均迅速缩小变硬，阴道流血量明显减少。认为B-Lynch子宫缝扎术是治疗剖宫产术中子宫收缩乏力性出血的有效措施之一，可避免子宫切除，保留生育功能。     

肾混合性上皮间质肿瘤和成人囊性肾瘤的临床病理学观察

Objective To study the clinicopathologie features,immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of kidney ( MEST) and adult cystic nephroma ( CN).Methods Five cases of MEST and 4 cases of CN were retrospectively analyzed.Immunohistochemical study was carried out and the literature was reviewed.Results All of the five patients with MEST were females.Their median age was 45 years.For CN,there were 3 males and 1 female and their median age was 41 years.All patients presented with loin pain and hematuria.On gross examination,MEST was well-circumscribed but non-encapsulated.There was no evidence of haemorrhage or necrosis.Three of the cases were solid in nature.One was composed of a mixture of solid and cystic elements,while the remaining case showed a multicystic cut surface bridged by thick fibrous septa.On the other hand,CN were well-circumscribed and encapsulated.They were multiloculated cystic in nature.The cystic spaces were separated by thin septa and there was no significant solid or necrotic component.Histologically,MEST consisted of proliferation of cystically dilated glands admixed with spindly stromal cells with various cellularity and growth patterns.Both the glandular and stromal elements were well-differentiated with no cytologic atypia identified.The glandular structures in 2 of the cases were partially lined by endometrial or tubal epithelium.In contrast,the thin-walled cystic spaces in CN were lined by a single layer of epithelium.Immunohistochemical　study showed that the epithelial cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen.The spindle cells in MEST expressed vimentin (5/5 ) ,smooth muscle actin (3/5 ),desmin (4/5 ),CD10 (5/5),estrogen receptor (4/5) and progesterone receptor (4/5).They were negative for HMB45,CD34,CD117 and S-100 protein.On the other hand,the spindle cells in CN were variably positive for vimentin (4/4),smooth muscle actin (4/4),desmin (1/4),estrogen receptor (3/4) and progesterone receptor (1/4).They were negative for CD10,HMB45,CD34,CD117 and S-100 protein.Conclusions Both MEST and CN are uncommon renal neoplasm.Most of them run a benign clinical course.The stromal cells in MEST show smooth muscle or myofibroblastic differentiation.Areas demonstrating Miillerian features also existed in some cases.MEST and CN share overlapping histological and immunohistochemical features,and may represent spectrum of the same group of lesions.     

茶多酚治疗慢性酒精性肝损伤的实验研究

目的 建立酒精性肝病大鼠模型,观察茶多酚对酒精性肝病大鼠血清氨基转移酶活性和肝脏病理变化的影响,探讨茶多酚对酒精性肝损伤的防治作用。 方法 SD大鼠分成3组:酒精组(酒精7g·kg-1·d-1灌胃)、茶多酚组(酒精7g·kg-1·d-1 茶多酚0.25g·kg-1·d-1灌胃)和对照组(等渗盐水灌胃)。各组分别于4周末、12周末和24周末处死大鼠留取肝脏标本,用于HE染色和Masson染色。 结果 酒精组大鼠血清氧基转移酶水平较对照组升高,茶多酚组大鼠与酒精组相比,其值有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HE染色显示酒精组大鼠肝细胞浆出现不同程度的脂肪变性,小叶各带可见不同程度的点、灶状或片状坏死,24周大鼠可见桥接坏死。Masson三色染色可见24周大鼠汇管区边缘有绿染胶原纤维包绕增生,肝窦中可见绿染胶原纤维分布。茶多酚组肝脂肪变和炎症程度轻于酒精组,未发现桥接坏死。 结论 茶多酚对酒精性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

15例十二指肠Brunner腺瘤的诊治

目的研究十二指肠Brunner腺瘤的临床特征和诊治进展。方法总结分析15例十二指肠Brunner腺瘤患者的临床表现、血清学检测、X线钡餐造影、普通内镜、超声内镜检查和治疗结果。将部分接受超声内镜检查者的诊断结果与术后组织病理检查结果进行对比。结果15例患者中有症状和体征者8例，其中伴发溃疡4例（溃疡并发穿孔2例），并发上消化道出血4例。所有患者血清学检查无异常；接受X线钡餐造影6例，内镜检查13例。诊断十二指肠Brunner腺瘤仅2例；超声内镜检查8例，均诊断为十二指肠Brunner腺瘤。15例患者中采用外科手术治疗7例，内镜摘除治疗8例，术前超声内镜检查结果与术后组织病理学诊断一致。结论十二指肠Brunner腺瘤是一种良性肿瘤，临床表现缺乏特异性。超声内镜检查对该病的诊治有一定价值，外科于术或内镜下摘除是主要的治疗方法。     

肾混合性上皮间质肿瘤和成人囊性肾瘤的临床病理学观察

Objective To study the clinicopathologie features,immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of kidney ( MEST) and adult cystic nephroma ( CN).Methods Five cases of MEST and 4 cases of CN were retrospectively analyzed.Immunohistochemical study was carried out and the literature was reviewed.Results All of the five patients with MEST were females.Their median age was 45 years.For CN,there were 3 males and 1 female and their median age was 41 years.All patients presented with loin pain and hematuria.On gross examination,MEST was well-circumscribed but non-encapsulated.There was no evidence of haemorrhage or necrosis.Three of the cases were solid in nature.One was composed of a mixture of solid and cystic elements,while the remaining case showed a multicystic cut surface bridged by thick fibrous septa.On the other hand,CN were well-circumscribed and encapsulated.They were multiloculated cystic in nature.The cystic spaces were separated by thin septa and there was no significant solid or necrotic component.Histologically,MEST consisted of proliferation of cystically dilated glands admixed with spindly stromal cells with various cellularity and growth patterns.Both the glandular and stromal elements were well-differentiated with no cytologic atypia identified.The glandular structures in 2 of the cases were partially lined by endometrial or tubal epithelium.In contrast,the thin-walled cystic spaces in CN were lined by a single layer of epithelium.Immunohistochemical　study showed that the epithelial cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen.The spindle cells in MEST expressed vimentin (5/5 ) ,smooth muscle actin (3/5 ),desmin (4/5 ),CD10 (5/5),estrogen receptor (4/5) and progesterone receptor (4/5).They were negative for HMB45,CD34,CD117 and S-100 protein.On the other hand,the spindle cells in CN were variably positive for vimentin (4/4),smooth muscle actin (4/4),desmin (1/4),estrogen receptor (3/4) and progesterone receptor (1/4).They were negative for CD10,HMB45,CD34,CD117 and S-100 protein.Conclusions Both MEST and CN are uncommon renal neoplasm.Most of them run a benign clinical course.The stromal cells in MEST show smooth muscle or myofibroblastic differentiation.Areas demonstrating Miillerian features also existed in some cases.MEST and CN share overlapping histological and immunohistochemical features,and may represent spectrum of the same group of lesions.     

以嗜酸细胞性肠炎为首发表现的非霍奇金淋巴瘤一例

患者 ,男 ,6 5岁。因持续腹部胀痛、大便次数增多伴嗜酸粒细胞增多 10个月 ,于 2 0 0 0年 10月 10日收住我院消化内科。患者发病初大便每日 2～ 3次 ,劳累或进食油腻食物后可达 5次。大便多呈糊状 ,含白色粘液 ,有里急后重感 ,后大便次数逐渐增加到每日 8～ 10次 ,呈水样便或粘液便。无发热、盗汗。曾在当地医院检查血常规 :ＷＢＣ 2 8.3× 10 9 Ｌ ,嗜酸粒细胞占 0 .72 ,Ｈｂ、ＢＰＣ正常。骨髓象示嗜酸粒细胞增多 ,肠镜检查为溃疡性结肠炎。肺吸虫抗体阳性。经柳氮磺胺吡啶 (ＳＡＳＰ)、吡喹酮治疗后腹部症状有所好转。 1个月后复查肺吸虫…     

6例原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤临床分析

原发于甲状腺的恶性淋巴瘤 (ＴＬ)较少见 ,临床及病理均易误诊。 1994～ 1998年本院发现 6例 ,现对其进行临床分析 ,并重点讨论误诊原因。临床资料1　一般资料　本组 6例 ,男 1例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 42～ 80岁 ,平均 6 1岁 ;病程 5个月～ 4年。2　临床表现2 1　症状及体征　均因颈前区肿块迅速增大而就诊 ,其中颈部明显紧束感 4例 ,呼吸不畅 1例 ,声音嘶哑 1例。体检 :甲状腺呈弥漫性肿大 ,质地较硬者 2例 ,中等者 4例。2 2　辅助检查　血Ｔ3 、Ｔ4检测 3例增高 ,甲状腺摄Ｉ1 3 1 率 2例低于正常 ,核素扫描 2例示冷结节 ,抗甲状腺球蛋白和抗微…     

穿刺细胞学及活检诊断肝脏类癌一例

病人,女,53岁,上腹胀20余天,平卧后减轻,门诊腹部CT见肝脏多发性实性占位,肝癌首先考虑.入院后查体:肝右肋下4横指,剑突下平脐,表面不平,质硬,实验室检查:乙肝三系HBsAb(+),余均阴性,肝功能正常范围,CEA,AFP,CA_(19-9)均正常范围,B超示右肝斜径约14.6 cm,内见多个高回声团,最大约9.4 cm×6.7 cm.     

新生儿胃畸胎瘤5例分析

新生儿胃畸胎瘤极为罕见,文献报道也甚少。我们近15年碰到5例,现就其临床表现、病理特点及诊断与鉴别诊断作一分析。 病例介绍 例1:男性,70d。进行性腹胀伴呼吸困难