游离血管化髂骨瓣：26例回顾分析

该文对应用游离髂骨瓣修复颌骨缺损的病例进行回顾研究，并分析手术并发症。作者共用26块髂骨肌瓣、1块髂骨肌皮瓣修复18例下颌骨和8例上颌骨缺损。1例因微血管再灌注问题而导致手术失败：3例术后行组织瓣抢救，其中2例吻合口血栓形成，重新吻合血管后抢救成功；10例术后出现股外侧皮神经支配区皮肤麻木，3例并发切口疝，1例供区创口裂开，2例并发口鼻瘘，1例颈部创口感染，     

Role of inheritability of tooth form, tooth malformation and tooth position

A common technique to divide the influence of heredity and environment on certain characteristics, or pathologies is the one that uses twins. There are more or less complex techniques to carry out twin research, from which the most simple procedure consists of determining the amount of concordance of certain characteristics in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. In individuals who develop from one oocyte, like MZ twins, one would expect a correlation of 1.00 (or 100% concordance) purely from their gene-relation. DZ twins are the result of separate conceptions of the same parents and they thus differ as much from each other as ordinary brothers and sisters. The most recently developed twin-methodologies use path analysis and model fitting for the estimations of the heritabilities and environmental influences on certain characteristics. In this article it is tried to picture the genetic an environmental influence on tooth form, tooth position and occlusal characteristics with different genetic techniques. Generally it can be concluded that our genes are of utmost importance for tooth form and tooth malformations, but the environment has a much bigger impact on tooth position and occlusal parameters.     

Antimalarial activities and toxicities of three plants used as traditional remedies for malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Croton mubango , Nauclea pobeguinii and Pyrenacantha staudtii

The antimalarial activities of crude extracts and 17 fractions from the partition of 80%-methanolic extracts of three plants (the stem bark of Croton mubango, the stem bark of Nauclea pobeguinii and the leaves of Pyrenacantha staudtii) used as antimalarial remedies in the Democratic Republic of Congo were studied both in vitro (against Plasmodium falciparum) and in mice infected with Pl. berghei berghei. The toxic effects of dried aqueous extracts of the plants were also investigated, in uninfected mice. The most active crude extracts in vitro, with median inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) of <1 microg/ml, were found to be the methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of C. mubango, and the dichloromethane extracts of N. pobeguinii and Py. staudtii. The aqueous extract with the most antimalarial activity in vitro was that of C. mubango (IC(50) = 3.2 microg/ml), followed by that of N. probeguinii (IC(50) = 5.3 microg/ml) and then that of Py. staudii (IC(50) = 15.2 microg/ml).Results from the in-vivo tests of antimalarial activity showed that, at a daily oral dose of 200 mg/kg, all the dichloromethane extracts, the petroleum-ether, chloroformic, ethyl-acetate and residual water-soluble fractions from C. mubango, and the chloroformic, ethyl-acetate and n-butanolic fractions from Py. staudtii produced >80% chemosuppression of the parasitaemias by day 4. The aqueous extracts of C. mubango and N. probeguinii produced a slightly lower but still significant inhibition of parasitaemia (60%-80%) whereas that of Py. staudtii only suppressed the day-4 parasitaemias by 37%.The dried aqueous extract of the stem bark of C. mubango showed some signs of toxicity in mice, with median lethal doses (LD(50)) of 350 mg/kg in the female mice and 900 mg/kg in the male. The extract significantly increased the serum concentrations of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in mice of both sexes, but had no effect on the blood levels of creatinine or urea. No significant toxic effect was observed for the dried aqueous extracts of N. pobeguinii and Py. staudtii (LD(50) >5 g/kg). Neither of these extracts affected the serum concentrations of GPT or the blood concentrations of creatinine and urea, although the N. pobeguinii extract did increase the serum concentration of GOT.