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Diabetic foot ulcer is a devastating complication of diabetes mellitus and significant cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world and can be complex and costly. The development of foot ulcer in a diabetic patient has been estimated to be 19%-34% through their lifetime. The pathophysiology of diabetic foot ulcer consist of neuropathy, trauma and, in many patients, additional peripheral arterial disease. In particular, diabetic neuropathy leads to foot deformity, callus formation, and insensitivity to trauma or pressure. The standard algorithms in diabetic foot ulcer management include assessing the ulcer grade classification, surgical debridement, dressing to facilitate wound healing, off-loading, vascular assessment (status and presence of a chance for interventional vascular correction), and infection and glycemic control. Although especially surgical procedures are sometimes inevitable, they are poor predictive factors for the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcer. Different novel treatment modalities such as nonsurgical debridement agents, oxygen therapies, and negative pressure wound therapy, topical drugs, cellular bioproducts, human growth factors, energy-based therapies, and systematic therapies have been available for patients with diabetic foot ulcer. However, it is uncertain whether they are effective in terms of promoting wound healing related with a limited number of randomized controlled trials. This review aims at evaluating diabetic foot ulcer with regard to all aspects. We will also focus on conventional and novel adjunctive therapy in diabetic foot management.  相似文献   
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The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging - Subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events are common even in young normotensive patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney...  相似文献   
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Optic disc localization offers an important clue in detecting other retinal components such as the macula, fovea, and retinal vessels. With the correct detection of this area, sudden vision loss caused by diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy can be prevented. Therefore, there is an increase in computer-aided diagnosis systems in this field. In this paper, an automated method for detecting optic disc localization is proposed. In the proposed method, the fundus images are moved from RGB color space to a new color space by using an artificial bee colony algorithm. In the new color space, the localization of the optical disc is clearer than in the RGB color space. In this method, a matrix called the feature matrix is created. This matrix is obtained from the color pixel values of the image patches containing the optical disc and the image patches not containing the optical disc. Then, the conversion matrix is created. The initial values of this matrix are randomly determined. These two matrices are processed in the artificial bee colony algorithm. Ultimately, the conversion matrix becomes optimal and is applied over the original fundus images. Thus, the images are moved to the new color space. Thresholding is applied to these images, and the optic disc localization is obtained. The success rate of the proposed method has been tested on three general datasets. The accuracy success rate for the DRIVE, DRIONS, and MESSIDOR datasets, respectively, is 100%, 96.37%, and 94.42% for the proposed method.

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Metabolic Brain Disease - Gaucher disease type 2 is the most progressive and the rarest form of Gaucher disease, defined as the acute neuronopathic type. We presented two GD2 patients who died...  相似文献   
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Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To compare the efficacies of iodine-125 brachytherapy (IBT) and gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKRS) in the treatment of...  相似文献   
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Journal of Public Health - Because an increasing number of patients travel internationally to seek medical care, Turkey offers comprehensive and outstanding services under extraordinary conditions...  相似文献   
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Insufficient recovery after injury of a peripheral motor nerve is due to (1) inappropriate pathfinding as a result of axonal regrowth to inappropriate targets, (2) excessive collateral axonal branching at the lesion site, and (3) polyinnervation of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). The rat facial nerve model is often used because of its simple and reliable readout to measure recovery of function (vibrissal whisking). Over the last decades scientists have concentrated their efforts to combat mostly NMJ polyinnervation, because it turned out to be very difficult to reduce collateral axonal branching and impossible to navigate thousands of axons toward the original fascicles. In the past, several groups of scientists concentrated their efforts to reduce the activity-dependent polyinnervation of NMJs by electrical stimulation of the muscles (square 0.1 msec pulses at 5 Hz). The results showed no recovery of functions and a severe reduction in the number of innervated NMJs to approximately one fifth of those observed in intact animals. More recent experiments, however, have shown that motor recovery improved significantly following mechanical stimulation of the denervated facial muscles (vibrissal and orbicularis oculi) and that restored functions could invariably be linked to reduced polyinnervation at the NMJ while the number of innervated NMJ remained the same. These results suggest that clinically feasible and effective therapies could be developed and tested in the near future. Anat Rec, 302:1287–1303, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   
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