收费全文 | 10551篇 |
免费 | 320篇 |
国内免费 | 28篇 |
耳鼻咽喉 | 150篇 |
儿科学 | 158篇 |
妇产科学 | 293篇 |
基础医学 | 2079篇 |
口腔科学 | 209篇 |
临床医学 | 529篇 |
内科学 | 976篇 |
皮肤病学 | 397篇 |
神经病学 | 834篇 |
特种医学 | 1540篇 |
外科学 | 1422篇 |
综合类 | 43篇 |
预防医学 | 744篇 |
眼科学 | 82篇 |
药学 | 1066篇 |
中国医学 | 91篇 |
肿瘤学 | 286篇 |
2023年 | 38篇 |
2022年 | 26篇 |
2021年 | 52篇 |
2020年 | 52篇 |
2019年 | 68篇 |
2018年 | 193篇 |
2017年 | 130篇 |
2016年 | 182篇 |
2015年 | 123篇 |
2014年 | 214篇 |
2013年 | 363篇 |
2012年 | 684篇 |
2011年 | 1035篇 |
2010年 | 459篇 |
2009年 | 149篇 |
2008年 | 749篇 |
2007年 | 914篇 |
2006年 | 887篇 |
2005年 | 713篇 |
2004年 | 637篇 |
2003年 | 647篇 |
2002年 | 555篇 |
2001年 | 366篇 |
2000年 | 475篇 |
1999年 | 261篇 |
1998年 | 75篇 |
1997年 | 47篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 43篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 30篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 29篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 29篇 |
1979年 | 27篇 |
1978年 | 28篇 |
1976年 | 19篇 |
1975年 | 26篇 |
1974年 | 18篇 |
1973年 | 18篇 |
1967年 | 17篇 |
1963年 | 19篇 |
The study aims to evaluate the effects of non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) treatments on dentin wetting and surface free energy (SFE) and compare the effects of NTAP treatment, etch-and-rinse, and self-etch protocols for application of universal adhesives.
Materials and methodsMid-coronal dentin of intact third molars was used to measure contact angles of distilled water, ethylene-glycol, and diiodomethane and calculate SFE following different NTAP preset treatments (feeding gas consisting of pure He, He + 1% O2, He + 1.5% O2), power input (1 or 3 W), and tip-to-surface distance (2, 4, or 8 mm). Contact angles of reference liquids and SFE of dentin following He + 1.5% O2 at 3-W and 4-mm treatment was compared to phosphoric acid etching. Contact angles of Single Bond Universal (SBU; 3M ESPE) and Clearfil Universal Bond (CUB; Kuraray Noritake) were measured following NTAP, etch-and-rinse, and self-etch protocols.
ResultsNTAP significantly reduced contact angles of reference liquids and increased dentin SFE compared to untreated dentin (p < 0.05). O2 intensified the effect of He NTAP (p < 0.05). NTAP and phosphoric acid increased dentin polarity and Lewis base surface characteristics. Phosphoric acid increased contact angles of adhesives compared to the self-etch protocol (p < 0.05). NTAP resulted in lower adhesive contact angles than phosphoric acid, the difference being statistically significant for CUB (p < 0.05). Compared to the self-etch protocol, NTAP slightly reduced CUB contact angle but not that of SBU (p > 0.05).
ConclusionsHe NTAP with and without O2 increased dentin wetting and SFE, surpassing the effect of phosphoric acid and lowering adhesive contact angles. NTAP produced no apparent micro-morphological changes on dentin surface comparable to acid etching.
Clinical significanceNTAP treatment of dentin prior to adhesive application increases dentin wetting and surface free energy facilitating better adhesive distribution on dentin surface compared to phosphoric acid etching and similar to the “self-etch” application protocol.
相似文献Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the treatment of LID. Treatment can be divided into strategies for preventing their occurrence, modification of dopaminergic therapy, and providing more continuous dopaminergic stimulation as well as the use of nondopaminergic drugs.
Expert opinion: Amantadine is currently considered the most effective drug for the treatment of LID. Several compounds developed to target adenosine, adrenergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic receptors have shown to significantly decrease dyskinesias in animal models. However, despite promising preclinical results, translation to clinical practice remains challenging and majority of these compounds failed to decrease LID in randomized controlled trials with moderate–to-advanced parkinsonian patients. Despite promising results with nondopaminergic drugs, treatment of dyskinesias is still challenging and largely due to their side effects. Future research should focus on developing treatments that can provide continuous dopaminergic delivery throughout the day in a noninvasive manner. Studies on the impact of the early administration of long-acting formulations of levo-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine on dyskinesias are also necessary. 相似文献
Methods: Ten female Sprague Dawley rats, 9 weeks old, were randomly divided into two groups and fed either standard laboratory chow or food rich in saturated fatty acids during 6 weeks and then mated with the same male rat. After birth and lactation male rat offspring from both groups were divided into four subgroups depending on the diet they were fed until 22 weeks old. Samples of white adipose tissue were taken from the subcutaneous, epididymal, and perirenal fat pad. On tissue sections, histomorphometric analysis was conducted using CellProfiler program v 2.1.1, and immunohistochemical staining for TNF-α was performed.
Results: Greater mean surface area of subcutaneous and epididymal adipocytes was found in groups of male rat offspring with altered diet. In perirenal adipose tissue, the highest number of adipocytes was measured in the group where both mother and offspring were fed a high-fat diet. Adipocyte staining intensity for TNF-α did not differ significantly between the groups.
Conclusions: Together with our previously published data, our results lead to the conclusion that alteration of postnatal diet can lead to TNF-α and adipocyte morphology changes. 相似文献