芦山地震5年后雅安市高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率及其影响因素

目的 了解芦山地震5年后雅安市高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率及其影响因素，为促进地震灾区高血压患者心理健康提供参考。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2018年12月选取雅安市高血压患者800例作为研究对象。采用自编居民基本信息调查表收集患者的基本资料，采用12项一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）评定患者近期是否存在心理卫生问题，采用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 回收有效问卷744份（93.00%），检出存在心理卫生问题者79例（10.62%）。单因素分析结果显示，不同婚姻状况（P?0.01）、家庭人均月收入（P=0.012）、是否接受社会救助（χ²=25.194，P?0.01）的高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率差异均有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示，未婚/分居/离异/丧偶（OR=3.879，P=0.015）以及接受社会救助（OR=4.705，P?0.01）是高血压患者存在心理卫生问题的危险因素。结论 雅安市高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率较低，未婚/分居/离异/丧偶者以及接受社会救助的高血压患者心理卫生问题可能更突出。     

Special issue “The advance of solid tumor research in China”: Multi-omics analysis based on 1311 clear cell renal cell carcinoma samples identifies a glycolysis signature associated with prognosis and treatment response

In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), glycolysis is enhanced mainly because of the increased expression of key enzymes in glycolysis. Hence, the discovery of new molecular biomarkers for glycolysis may help guide and establish a precise system of diagnosis and treatment for ccRCC. Expression profiles of 1079 tumor samples of ccRCC patients (including 311 patients treated with everolimus or nivolumab) were downloaded from public databases. Proteomic profiles of 232 ccRCC samples were obtained from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC). Biological changes, tumor microenvironment and prognostic differences were explored between samples with various glycolysis characteristics. There were significant differences in CD8⁺ effector T cells, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and pan-fibroblast TGFb between the Low and High glyScore groups. The tumor mutation burden of the Low glyScore group was lower than that of the High glyScore group. And higher glyScore was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) in 768 ccRCC patients (P < .0001). External validation in FUSCC cohort also indicated that glyScore was of strong ability for predicting OS (P < .05). GlyScore may serve as a biomarker for predicting everolimus response in ccRCC patients due to its significant associations with progression-free survival (PFS). And glyScore may also predict overall survival in patients treated with nivolumab. We calculated the glyScore in ccRCC and the defined glyScore was of strong ability for predicting OS. In addition, glyScore may also serve as a biomarker for predicting PFS in patients treated with everolimus and could predict OS in patients treated with nivolumab.     

儿童肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染临床特征及菌株药物敏感性分析

摘要：目的 探讨儿童肺炎克雷伯菌血流感染(Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection, KPBSI)临床特征及肺炎克雷伯 菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae, KP)对常用抗菌药物的敏感性，为儿童KPBSI合理治疗提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2019 年12月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院住院的KPBSI患儿临床资料。结果 共纳入110例患儿，64例(58.2%)为院内感染，72例 (65.5%)有基础疾病，以血液系统肿瘤最多见。110例患儿PRISM Ⅲ评分为16.0(7.0~20.8)，其中74例(67.3%)发生脓毒症，15例 (13.6%)发生脓毒性休克，18例(16.4%)发生呼吸衰竭，15例(13.6%)需有创机械通气，院内死亡共13例(11.8%)。KP菌株对阿米卡 星、碳青霉烯类抗菌药物敏感率＞90%，对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松和头孢他啶的敏感率分别为58.3%、60.9%和70.9%，对头孢哌 酮/舒巴坦和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的敏感率分别为59.5%和82.7%。检出ESBLs+菌株39株(39/86，45.3%)，耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷 伯菌(CRKP)菌株10株(10/110，9.1%)，ESBLs+KP菌株和CRKP在各年龄组间分布无统计学差异。结论 儿童KPBSI多见于有基 础疾病的患儿，脓毒症、脓毒性休克和呼吸衰竭发生率高；KP菌株对头孢他啶和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦敏感性较高，可经验性治 疗轻症KPBSI患儿。     

信息化技术应用于静脉血栓栓塞症护理的研究进展

综述信息化技术在静脉血栓栓塞症护理领域中风险预测、警报接收与上报、抗凝防治管理、医护人员相关继续医学教育、患者疾病预后管理的应用现状，总结其应用阻碍因素，旨在为我国静脉血栓栓塞症护理信息化建设提供参考。     

First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric,gastroesophageal junction and esophageal adenocarcinoma: CheckMate 649 Chinese subgroup analysis

First-line chemotherapy for advanced/metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC) has poor median overall survival (OS; <1 year). We report efficacy and safety results from Chinese patients in the phase III global CheckMate 649 study of nivolumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of GC/GEJC/esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Chinese patients with previously untreated advanced or metastatic GC/GEJC/EAC were randomized to receive nivolumab (360 mg Q3W or 240 mg Q2W) plus chemotherapy (XELOX [capecitabine and oxaliplatin] Q3W or FOLFOX [oxaliplatin, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil] Q2W), nivolumab plus ipilimumab (not reported) or chemotherapy alone. OS, blinded independent central review-assessed progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR) and safety are reported. Of 1581 patients enrolled and randomized, 208 were Chinese. In these patients, nivolumab plus chemotherapy resulted in clinically meaningful improvement in median OS (14.3 vs 10.2 months; HR 0.61 [95% CI: 0.44-0.85]), median PFS (8.3 vs 5.6 months; HR 0.57 [95% CI: 0.40-0.80]), ORR (66% vs 45%) and median DOR (12.2 vs 5.6 months) vs chemotherapy, respectively. The safety profile was acceptable, with no new safety signals observed. Consistent with results from the global primary analysis of CheckMate 649, nivolumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated a clinically meaningful improvement in OS and PFS and higher response rate vs chemotherapy and an acceptable safety profile in Chinese patients. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy represents a new standard first-line treatment for Chinese patients with non-HER2-positive advanced GC/GEJC/EAC.     

黄芩苷改善肿瘤缺氧微环境抑制乳腺癌移植瘤的生长＊

目的 通过观察黄芩苷对乳腺癌组织毛细血管通透性（Capillary Vessel Permeability，CVP）、赖氨酰氧化酶（Lysyl Oxidase，LOX）及血清丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）等相关指标的影响，探讨黄芩苷可能的抗乳腺癌作用机制。方法 通过在裸鼠皮下接种MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞株建立乳腺癌移植瘤模型；实验分为模型组、黄芩苷组、阿霉素组、黄芩苷+阿霉素组。于接种第7日开始：黄芩苷组每天灌胃黄芩苷水溶液（100 mg·kg^-1），连续14天；阿霉素组每3天腹腔注射一次阿霉素（5mg·kg^-1），共用药5次；模型组每天灌胃生理盐水（10 mL·kg^-1），连续14天；黄芩苷+阿霉素组每天灌胃黄芩苷水溶液（100 mg·kg^-1），连续14天，并每3天腹腔注射一次阿霉素5 mg·kg^-1，共5次。给药期间监测移植瘤体积；紫外可见分光光度计620 nm下测OD值来反映黄芩苷对肿瘤毛细血管通透性的影响；硫代巴比妥酸（Thiobarbituric acid，TBA）比色法检测黄芩苷对裸鼠血清中丙二醛（MDA）的影响；免疫组化染色法检测乳腺癌组织中赖氨酰氧化酶（LOX）的表达情况。结果 ①与模型组比较，黄芩苷组、阿霉素组、黄芩苷+阿霉素组瘤体重量均明显减轻（P<0.05）；黄芩苷+阿霉素组瘤体重量较阿霉素组明显减轻（P<0.05）。②与模型组比较，黄芩苷组降低乳腺癌组织毛细血管的通透性，而阿霉素组则增加肿瘤组织中毛细血管的通透性，差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。③黄芩苷组能够明显抑制荷瘤裸鼠血清MDA的表达，与模型组比较差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）；阿霉素组促进MDA的表达，与模型组比较差异有统计学意义；黄芩苷+阿霉素组促进MDA的表达，与模型组比较差异无统计学意义。④与模型组比较，黄芩苷组裸鼠乳腺癌组织LOX的表达显著下调（P<0.01），阿霉素组肿瘤组织中LOX表达增加（P<0.05）；黄芩苷+阿霉素组能下调裸鼠乳腺癌组织LOX的表达，与模型组比较差异无统计学意义。结论 黄芩苷能够明显抑制乳腺癌移植瘤的生长，其机制可能与黄芩苷降低肿瘤组织毛细血管的通透性，抑制裸鼠血清中丙二醛、乳腺癌组织中赖氨酰氧化酶的表达，从而改变肿瘤缺氧微环境有关。