人类神经干细胞/祖细胞和神经球的超微结构特点

BACKGROUND： Biological and morphological characteristics of neural stem/progenitor cells （NSPCs） have been widely investigated. OBJECTIVE： To explore the ultrastructure of human embryo-derived NSPCs and neurospheres cultivated in vitro using electron microscopy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cell biology experiment was performed at the Brain Tumor Laboratory of Soochow University, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University between August 2007 and April 2008. MATERIALS： Human fetal brain tissue was obtained from an 8-week-old aborted fetus; serum-free Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium/F12 culture medium was provided by Gibco, USA; scanning electron microscope was provided by Hitachi Instruments, Japan; transmission electron microscope was provided by JEOL, Japan. METHODS： NSPCs were isolated from human fetal brain tissue and cultivated in serum-free Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium/F12 culture medium. Cells were passaged every 5-7 days. After three passages, NSPCs were harvested and used for ultrastructural examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Ultrastructural examination of human NSPCs and adjacent cells in neurospheres. RESULTS： Individual NSPCs were visible as spherical morphologies with rough surfaces under scanning electron microscope. Generally, they had large nuclei and little cytoplasm. Nuclei were frequently globular with large amounts of euchromatin and a small quantity of heterochromatin, and most NSPCs had only one nucleolus. The Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum were underdeveloped; however, autophagosomes were clearly visible. The neurospheres were made up of NSPCs and non-fixiform material inside. Between adjacent cells and at the cytoplasmic surface of apposed plasma membranes, there were vesicle-like structures. Some membrane boundaries with high permeabilities were observed between some contiguous NSPCs in neurospheres, possibly attributable to plasmalemmal fusion between adjacent cells. CONCLUSION： A large number of autophagosomes were observed in NSPCs and gap junctions were visible between adjacent NSPCs.     

胶质瘤干祖细胞可诱导宿主脑胶质细胞癌变

目的 探讨可移植性人癌组织重构过程中,肿瘤干细胞植入方与宿主受体间的关系.方法 将红色荧光蛋白(RFP)基因稳定转染于已建株的胶质瘤干祖细胞SU3,再将建立的SU3-RFP细胞接种于表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的裸小鼠脑内.取移植瘤组织,筛选高增殖力GFP细胞,单克隆化后,鉴定细胞类型,测定其DNA含量,行染色体显带分析.并将建系的GFP细胞H1和H9分别接种于裸小鼠腋下和颅内,观察致瘤率和癌性表型.结果 在可移植性肿瘤组织中,RFP、GFP和RFP/GFP细胞的比例分别为(88.99±1.46)％、(5.59±1.00)％和(4.11±1.02)％.经2次单克隆化的宿主GFP细胞株H1和H9,在体外表现出无限增殖、接触抑制消失、超四倍体等癌细胞特征,并表达少突胶质细胞特异性标志蛋白2’,3’-环腺苷酸-3’-磷酸二酯酶(CNP).H1和H2细胞的体内致瘤率均为100％,肿瘤均向接种周围组织呈广泛侵袭性生长.结论 在可移植性胶质瘤模型中的肿瘤细胞,并非像传统观点那样均由移植的肿瘤干祖细胞产生,被接种的肿瘤干细胞侵袭的宿主脑细胞也可以转化为肿瘤细胞.     

耳穴按压治疗特发性尿崩症临床研究

目的：观察耳穴治疗特发性尿崩症（DI）的临床疗效并探讨其机理。方法：将400例DI患者随机分为耳穴按压治疗组200例和西药治疗对照组200例，1个疗程结束后统计疗效并测定24小时尿量、尿比重、血钠、血浆渗透压等指标。结果：治疗组较对照组能显著的降低24小时尿量、血钠、血浆渗透压，升高尿比重（P均〈0．01）；治疗组总有效率93．33％，与对照组66．67％相比P〈0．01，差异具有非常显著性意义。结论：耳穴按压治疗DI疗效显著，效果肯定，值得推广。     

慢性肾功能不全患者心功能与血尿酸水平相关性研究

目的 通过对24例慢性肾功能不全患者心功能与血尿酸水平动态改变的临床观察,探讨慢性肾功能不全患者心功能与血尿酸浓度变化的意义.方法 随机观察本院慢性肾功能不全维持性血液透析患者49例,根据其心功能分级分为3组:Ⅰ-Ⅱ级17例、心功能Ⅲ级17例、心功能Ⅳ级15例,分别检测治疗前后血尿酸水平并进行t检验.结果 血尿酸水平与心功能级别差异有显著性(P<0.01),心衰控制前后血尿酸水平两者之间有明显差异(P<0.05).结论 慢性肾功能不全患者血尿酸水平对评估患者心功能提供了一个有意义的指标.     

依那普利联合氯沙坦治疗维持性血液透析难治性高血压

目的 探讨治疗维持性血液透析(COPD)顽固性高血压的有效方法.方法 COPD顽固性高血压患者30例,随机分为3组,分别给予依那普利(依那普利组)、氯沙坦(氯沙坦组)、依那普利+氯沙坦(联合治疗组).治疗方案分别为:依那普利5mg,2次/d;氯沙坦50mg,1次/d.治疗4周,比较各组治疗前后早晨6时血压.结果 3组治疗4周后早晨6时血压较治疗前均有下降(P<0.05),其中联合治疗组较单一用药更显著(P<0.01).结论 依那普利和氯沙坦联合应用是治疗COPD顽固性高血压的较好方法.     

《〈针灸学〉实验指导》问卷调查分析

目的：对《〈针灸学〉实验指导》在教学中的具体应用情况进行问卷调查,以期发现问题,改正不足,使之更好的指导针灸实训。方法：将200份问卷调查表分发给针灸本科2002级83人、2003级40人、2004级36人和2005级45人进行无记名答卷并回收所有问卷调查表进行统计。结果：《〈针灸学〉实验指导》在问卷调查中获得了极大的肯定,也提出了一定的希望。结论：《〈针灸学〉实验指导》在针灸实训教学中效果良好,值得推广应用。     

计算机断层扫描血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断中的价值

目的：探讨运用计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA）诊断脑动脉瘤的价值。方法：对2011年1至11月本科收治的79例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者进行CTA检查,然后进行全脑数字减影血管造影（DSA）。以DSA为“金标准”,计算CTA对脑动脉瘤诊断的敏感度和特异度。结果：本组79例患者CTA共检出46例52个动脉瘤,DSA检出48例55个动脉瘤;CTA检出非动脉瘤病灶52个,DSA检出非动脉瘤病灶56个。以DSA为“金标准”,CTA对脑动脉瘤诊断的敏感度为94．5％（52／55）,特异度为92．9％（52／56）。结论：使用CTA检测脑动脉瘤是一种可靠的方法。     

中药治疗慢性前列腺炎近况

从中药内服（包括辨证分型治疗、基本方加减、专方专药）、中药外治、中药内外合治、中西医结合等四个方面详细地概述了中药在治疗该病方面的研究进展。同时指出中药治疗该病还存在基础及实验机理研究太少、诊断和疗效标准不统一、多数未设对照组以及在远期疗程方面是一个空白等四个方面的问题。