我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况调查

目的调查分析我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况，提出针对性建议。方法从国家医疗质量管理与控制信息网选取1 283家三级医疗机构调研临床营养专业技术人员数据，应用频数、构成比等进行描述性统计分析。 结果三级医疗机构营养科专业技术人员数量不足且分布不均衡，高层次人才比例偏低。医床比1:556.91，技床比1:841.30，医技比1.51:1，护床比1:1 031.31，均未达到文件标准，营养科医师严重缺编。结论应加强营养科专业人员教育和高层次人才培养，建立规范化培养体系，明确营养科职称评定和岗位技能考核制度，不断扩增专业人才数量，提升临床营养诊疗能力。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

Alport综合征误诊为IgM肾病1例

<正>1临床资料患者,女,12岁,因反复血尿、蛋白尿9年入院。9年前体检时发现镜下血尿,尿常规镜检红细胞0～160/HP,变形红细胞100%。近7年前发现尿蛋白(+),24h尿蛋白定量最高1639mg。无水肿、高血压等不适。4年前于南京某医院就诊,查尿蛋白(+),红细胞(++),     

自我强化管理教育对中心静脉导管化疗乳腺癌病人自我带管管理能力的影响

目的探讨自我强化管理教育对于经外周静脉穿刺置入中心静脉导管(PICC)化疗的乳腺癌病人带管期间自我管理能力的影响。方法乳腺癌病人130例,均行PICC化疗。采用随机数字表法将130例病人分为强化组和对照组,每组各65例,强化组给予自我强化管理教育措施干预,对照组仅给予一般护理及指导,观察两组干预前后的PICC自我管理能力(CPPSM)量表评分、PICC留置时间、带管期间并发症率。结果干预前,强化组和对照组的日常生活管理、维护依从性管理、运动管理、信息获取、日常导管观察、异常情况处理、导管管理信心及CPPSM评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后,强化组的日常生活管理、维护依从性管理、运动管理、信息获取、日常导管观察、异常情况处理、导管管理信心及CPPSM评分均高于对照组(P0.05);强化组的平均带管时间长于对照组(P0.05);强化组的并发症率为1.59%,对照组为11.48%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论自我强化管理教育可提升PICC化疗的乳腺癌病人带管期间自我管理相关评分,降低并发症发生率。     

气压泵在神经内科偏瘫患者预防下肢静脉血栓中的应用探讨

下肢静脉血栓作为常见的深静脉血栓类型之一,占比约为90%。相关研究显示,导致下肢深静脉血栓发生的原因较多,例如:长期卧床、手术时间过长、偏瘫、甘露醇大量使用,这些因素都会导致静脉血栓的发生。一旦出现这一并发症,便会影响到患者的生命质量。为了预防偏瘫患者下肢静脉血栓的发生,可将气压泵运用其中,呈现出良好的应用效果。