鼻药疗法治疗脑血管疾病的理论与实践

目的:探讨鼻腔给药治疗脑血管疾病的可行性和可能的作用机制。方法:从中医传统理论和鼻与神经系统、循环系统、呼吸系统的生理解剖学联系进行分析探讨。结果:中医官窍-脏腑理论、官窍-经络理论、脑主七窍理论都论证了经鼻治疗脑血管疾病的可行性。现代医学认为当鼻腔投药后,药物就能迅速地从黏膜透入血管,直接进入体循环而发挥治疗作用,且鼻与脑神经的密切联系,故可用于对脑血管疾病的治疗。结论:鼻腔给药是中医内病外治的有效手段,可用于治疗脑血管疾病。     

经非右室切口室缺修补术83例报告

对83例经非右室切口空缺修补术进行总结,其中右房切口42例,主肺动脉切口35例,先经右室切口后补充右房切口6例。文中就非右室切口的适应证和注意事项进行了讨论。认为非右室切口在很好地掌握适应证的前提下,能更好地显露手术野,缩短手术时间,减少并发症和最大限度地保存心肌的功能。     

吡格列酮临床应用进展

噻唑烷二酮类药物(Thiazoli dilsdioms,TDs)是一类新型的胰岛素增敏剂,主要包括:噻格列酮(Ciglitazone)、曲格列酮(Troglitazone)、罗格列酮(Rosigtiaxone)、吡格列酮(Pi-ogltazone)、嗯格列酮(Enlitazone)等.1997年曲格列酮被欧美及日本最早应用于临床,结果发现曲格列酮可引起严重的肝脏毒性,甚至肝坏死,现已禁止使用.1999年,吡格列酮作为该类药中的第二个新药被美国食品和药品管理局批准上市.该药降糖作用比曲格列酮强10倍,且无明显毒副作用.目前国内已生产(顿灵),并已全面进入临床应用.     

细胞因子和糖尿病心肌病

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as an independent diabetic cardiac complication, has been paid more attention to. In clinical study, DCM was characterized by left ventricular diastolic dysfunction at the early stage. The pathogenesis of DCM is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis,ex-tracellular matrix accumulation and deposition. The development of DCM is multifactorial, the mechanism is still unclear. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of DCM including myocardial fibrosis,in-terstitial inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Cytokines can involve in multiple pathophysiological processes. In this review, the relationships between transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, insulin-like growth factor-1 ,adiponectin ,thrombospondin-1 and DCM are sum-marized. It may be the basis of therapeutic approaches for ameliorating DCM.     

从血糖说起

血糖是指血液中的葡萄糖，在诊断时主张用静脉血浆测定，空腹是指至少8小时内无任何热量摄入时的血糖。空腹血糖正常范围为3．9～5．6mmol／L，临床上常嘱患者晚餐后不再进食，直至第二天早晨空腹采取静脉血测定，即为空腹血糖。     

Graves病患者血清中凋亡抑制因子sFas、Bcl-2的初步研究

用ELISA法检测 3 0例Graves病患者治疗前后及 3 2例正常对照组血清中凋亡抑制因子sFas、Bcl 2 ,发现Graves病患者治疗前sFas〔(0 .76± 0 .2 4)ng/L〕、Bcl 2〔1.0 2± 0 .2 3 )ng/L〕含量升高 ;治疗后 (0 .5 2±0 .0 8)ng/L ;(0 .87± 0 .15 )ng/L〕下降 ,与正常对照组〔(0 .5 3± 0 .0 9)ng/L ;(0 .81± 0 .15 )ng/L〕差异无显著性 ,提示sFas、Bcl 2可能参与Graves病的发病。     

细胞因子和糖尿病心肌病

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as an independent diabetic cardiac complication, has been paid more attention to. In clinical study, DCM was characterized by left ventricular diastolic dysfunction at the early stage. The pathogenesis of DCM is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis,ex-tracellular matrix accumulation and deposition. The development of DCM is multifactorial, the mechanism is still unclear. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of DCM including myocardial fibrosis,in-terstitial inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Cytokines can involve in multiple pathophysiological processes. In this review, the relationships between transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, insulin-like growth factor-1 ,adiponectin ,thrombospondin-1 and DCM are sum-marized. It may be the basis of therapeutic approaches for ameliorating DCM.     

138例无精、少精症患者细胞遗传学分析及临床意义

对117例无精症、21例少精症患者进行细胞遗传学检查.结果117例无精症患者中48例为染色体异常核型47,XXY,69例为染色体46,XY,其中3例Yq-,3例22s-;21例少精症中染色体核型皆为46,XY,其中9例大Y.认为染色体核型异常是无精症、少精症的重要因素,对男性不育症患者进行细胞遗传学检查是必要的.     

单纯三尖瓣替换手术五例体会

单纯性三尖瓣替换手术远比二尖瓣和主动脉瓣的替换手术少,且在术时和术后处理上具有一定的特殊性.1975年以来,我们为5例本病患者施行三尖瓣替换手术,现予报道,并浅谈体会.1 临床资料本组5例中,男3例,女2例;年龄17～48岁,平均37.5岁.Ebstein畸形2例,矫正性大动脉转位合并严重三尖瓣关闭不全2例,三尖瓣严重关闭不全合并右室双腔心和右室流出道狭窄1例.2例Ebstein畸形病人在进行Hardy手术悬吊下移的隔瓣和后瓣并折叠房化心室后,因仍有三尖瓣严重关闭不全,被迫在右房室环位分别移栽31mm外径的国产碟瓣,结果1例手术后第6天突发人造瓣膜功能障碍而猝死;1例术后合并短暂的低心排和肾功能衰竭,经抢救,手术后第31天痊愈出院,随访1年6个月,心功能为Ⅱ级.2例矫正性大动脉转位合并解剖三尖瓣严重关闭不全者,术中均见三尖瓣叶增厚挛缩,严重关闭不全,手术切除病变的前瓣和后瓣,保留隔瓣,分别替换以27mm外径和31mm外径碟瓣.术后1例恢复顺利,1例出现短暂的低心排和肺功能不良,经治疗均痊愈,