护理人文综合实训课程设置对护生人文素养的影响

目的:设置护理人文综合实训课程提高护生人文素养水平。方法:选取在嘉兴学院医学院就读的2017级和2018级高职护生252名作为研究对象,其中2017级随机抽取126名作为对照组,2018级126名作为观察组。对照组运用常规教学方法,研究组运用开设了护理人文综合实训课程,教学团队由一线教师及临床护理工作人员构成,设计了16学时的实训内容。实训实施过程采用小班化,体验式教学设计贯穿全程,采用小组讨论、情景模拟、拓展训练等多种教学手段,结束后评估相关人文素养水平。结果:观察组的人文能力与方法,知识与技能,精神与品质评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:人文素养综合实训课程有利于培养良好人文素质的临床护理人才,值得推广。     

益肾健脾泻浊中药对慢性肾脏病妊娠大鼠肾脏NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β信号通路及细胞焦亡的影响＊

目的 观察益肾健脾泻浊中药对慢性肾脏病妊娠大鼠肾脏NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β信号通路及细胞焦亡的影响。方法 将雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组，分别为对照组（Sham）、对照组 + 妊娠组（SP）、单侧输尿管结扎组（UUO）、UUO + 妊娠组（UP）、UUO + 妊娠 + 益肾健脾泻浊中药组（TCM）、UUO + 妊娠 + 依普利酮组（EPL）。UUO各组采用结扎单侧输尿管的方法复制慢性肾病模型，治疗组分别给予依普利酮100 mg?（kg?天）^-1和益肾健脾泻浊方3.11 g?（kg?天）^-1治疗。8周后妊娠各组大鼠按动情周期与雄鼠合笼，妊娠第19天处死母鼠。检测各组肾功能，醛固酮含量，采用SABC法及Western blot法检测核因子κB（Nuclear factor-kappa B，NF-κB）、核苷酸结合寡聚结构域样受体蛋白3 NOD［nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3，NLRP3］、天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白1［Caspase-1］、白介素1β（Interleukine-1 beta，IL-1β）的表达，TUNEL法检测肾细胞DNA损伤情况。结果 与UUO组比较，UP组血清肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）和24 h尿蛋白及醛固酮含量较Sham组显著升高（P < 0.05），治疗后，两给药组Scr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白、醛固酮显著降低（P < 0.05）。与Sham组比较，SP组大鼠肾组织NF-κB、NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β表达明显升高（P < 0.05），TUNEL阳性细胞少量增加（P < 0.05）。NLRP3炎症小体主要表达于浸润巨噬细胞及肾小管上皮细胞；Caspase-1和IL-1β主要表达于肾小管上皮细胞胞浆；TUNEL阳性细胞主要见于远端小管上皮细胞。与UUO组比较，UP组大鼠肾组织NF-κB、NLRP3、Pro-caspase-1、Caspase-1、Pro-IL-1β、IL-1β指标表达也明显升高（P < 0.05），TUNEL阳性细胞明显增多（P < 0.05）。与UP组比较，EPL、TCM组大鼠肾组织上述指标表达明显降低（P < 0.05），TUNEL阳性细胞明显减少（P < 0.05）。两个给药组间各项指标无明显差异。结论 益肾健脾泻浊方及依普利酮可缓解慢性肾病妊娠大鼠肾脏炎症损伤，下调肾脏NLRP3炎症小体信号通路分子表达，从而抑制细胞焦亡，减轻肾脏炎症损伤。     

乳腺CT平扫及乳腺导管造影术在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用

目的:探讨CT平扫及乳管造影术在乳腺疾病中的诊断及其在治疗中的应用价值.方法:50例乳腺疾病全部经病理确诊,50例平扫,34例行CT造影术.结果:50例乳腺疾病CT正确诊断率恶性组及良性组各为94.1%及97.0%其中良性组临床体检正确率为60.6%,34例乳腺疾病CT造影术前后正确诊断率各为58.8%及97.1%.结论:乳腺CT平扫及乳腺导管造影术对乳腺疾病的定位、定性,尤其是良恶性疾病的鉴别及对隐匿性病灶的检出有重要价值.     

扩散加权成像评价胎儿轻度侧脑室扩张

目的 探讨ADC值对胎儿轻度侧脑室扩张的诊断价值。方法 对15胎轻度侧脑室扩张胎儿（侧脑室扩张组）及15胎侧脑室无扩张的胎儿（对照组）行DWI扫描，测量双侧额叶、顶叶、颞叶、枕叶白质、基底核、丘脑及小脑ADC值，比较2组各脑区ADC值差异及轻度侧脑室扩张胎儿左侧及右侧各脑区ADC值的差异。分析所有胎儿各脑区ADC值与孕周的相关性、侧脑室扩张胎儿侧脑室宽度与孕周的相关性。结果 与对照组比较，轻度侧脑室扩张组双侧额叶、双侧顶叶白质ADC值下降（P均<0.05）。侧脑室扩张胎儿左侧与右侧各脑区ADC值差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。相关分析显示所有胎儿双侧枕叶、双侧基底核区、双侧丘脑、双侧小脑及左侧颞叶ADC值与孕周呈负相关，侧脑室扩张胎儿侧脑室宽度与孕周呈正相关（r=0.635，P=0.011）。结论 轻度侧脑室扩张胎儿额叶、顶叶ADC值下降，ADC值对检测潜在脑部损伤较敏感，有助于诊断胎儿侧脑室扩张。     

瘦素与肥胖相关疾病的关系研究进展

瘦素是一种由脂肪细胞分泌的激素,它可以通过调节能量代谢来保持体脂相对稳定。瘦素分泌有一定的节律性,其节律性改变可导致或加重肥胖。肥胖是一种重要的代谢疾病,可引发高血压、2型糖尿病、冠心病、脑梗死以及某些肿瘤。本文对瘦素的主要生理功能及人体内瘦素抵抗现象与肥胖、肥胖相关疾病的关系方面的研究进展作一综述。     

甲状腺手术术后出血的预防及护理体会

总结了2006年7月至2013年7月期间于本院进行手术治疗的1151例甲状腺患者的临床资料,发生术后创面出血的共12例,发生率为1.04%。包括术后颈前静脉出血者3例,甲状腺包块摘除术后甲状腺残面出血3例,颈前肌群出血4例,甲状腺上动脉出血1例,皮下血肿1例,所有病例经及时治疗处理或再手术止血后,伤口均一期愈合,无一例死亡。认为引起甲状腺手术术后出血的主要原因有血管结扎不牢固、漏扎出血血管、引流不畅、凝血功能障碍等。故术前应做好充分的准备,术中严格执行手术操作规程,提高操作水平,术后密切观察病情,并嘱患者减少颈部活动等,以降低术后出血的发生率。     

IL-10基因单核苷酸多态性与急性淋巴细胞白血病易感性的相关性研究

Objective To observe the relationship of IL-10 gene single nucleotide polymorphism and the susceptibility to ALL. Methods The bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 115 ALL patients and 323 healthy controls were collected in Peking University First Hospital and Beijing Dao-pei Hospital from January 2007 to December 2009. The DNA were extracted from all samples. The primers of -819C/T and -592A/C in the promoter region of IL-10 gene were designed for the PCR. The restrictive fragment length polymorphism of IL-10 gene was analyzed by using restrictive enzyme Msl Ⅰ and HpyCH4 Ⅲ.Sequencing was done in part of these samples to confirm the results of PCR. The differences of genotypes and allele ratio of -819 and -592 sites were analyzed between the ALL patients and healthy controls. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the EB virus (EBV) infection and the expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene. The differences of genotypes and allele ratio of -819 and -592 sites were analyzed between the positive and negative group. Results The genotype ratios of -819CC, -819TT, - 819CT, -592AA,- 592CC and - 592AC were 14. 8% ( 17/115 ), 45.2% ( 52/115 ), 40. 0% ( 46/115 ), 43.5% ( 50/115 ),16. 5% ( 19/115 ), 40. 0% ( 46/115 ) in ALL patients, and were 9. 9% ( 32/323 ), 16. 4% ( 53/323 ),73.7% ( 238/323 ), 11.8% ( 38/323 ), 15.5% ( 50/323 ), 72. 8% ( 235/323 ) in the healthy controls,respectively. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites had statistically significant differences between the two groups(x2 values were 46.000 and 54.550, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The allele ratio of -819T and -592A were (65.2%, 150/230) and (63.5%, 146/230) in ALL patients, while they were 53.5% (344/646) and 48. 1% (311/646)in the healthy controls. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (x2 values were 9. 877 and 15.986, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The EBV DNA were detected in 42 ALL patients,among which 22 were positive and 20 were negative. The genotype ratios of -819CC, -819TT, -819CT,-592AA, - 592CC, - 592AC in EBV positive group were 9. 1% ( 2/22 ), 40. 9% ( 9/22 ), 50. 0%(11/22) ,31.8% ( 7/22 ), 13.6% ( 3/22 ), 54. 5% ( 12/22 ), while they were 35.0% ( 7/20 ), 45.0%(9/20) ,20. 0% (4/20) ,35.0% (7/20) ,45.0% (9/20) ,20. 0% (4/20) in the EBV negative group. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites showed no statistical differences between the two groups( all P ＞ 0. 05 ).The BCR/ABL fusion gene were detected in 36 ALL patients, among which 20 were positive and 16 were negative. The genotype ratios of - 819CC, - 819TT, - 819CT, - 592AA, - 592CC, - 592AC in BCR/ABL positive group were 0% (0/20) ,45.0% (9/20) ,55.0% ( 11/20), 45. 0% (9/20) ,5.0% (1/20) ,50. 0%( 10/20), while they were 18. 8% ( 3/16 ), 50. 0% ( 8/16), 31.3% ( 5/16 ), 50. 0% ( 8/16 ), 18. 8%(3/16), 31.3 % (5/16)in the BCR/ABL negative group. The genotypes of -819 and -592 sites showed no statistical differences between the two groups ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The population with - 819TT and - 592AA genotype of IL-10 gene shows susceptibility to ALL.     

赵玉庸教授治疗特发性膜性肾病经验

特发性膜性肾病(IMN)是临床常见慢性肾脏病之一，赵玉庸教授认为IMN总属本虚标实之证，本虚以脾肾亏虚为主，标实为瘀血、气滞、水湿、湿热，其中又以瘀血为主，据此提出“肾络瘀阻”学术思想。在此基础上，赵老以健脾补肾、活血通络为基本治疗原则，顾护正气，扶正祛邪，标本兼顾。     

三维动脉自旋标记技术评价阿尔茨海默病患者脑血流灌注

目的 探讨全脑3D伪连续动脉自旋标记技术（3D pcASL）对显示阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的脑血流灌注（CBF）特点,并分析其与认知功能评分的相关性。方法 16例AD患者和19例年龄匹配的认知功能正常的对照组进行磁共振常规检查和3D ASL灌注成像检查。使用SPM8软件对获得的脑血流图进行预处理,比较两组的CBF差异;并比较CBF减低脑区的平均CBF值与MMSE、MoCA评分的相关性。结果 AD组存在CBF灌注减低区,主要为双侧颞上回、颞中回、颞下回、双侧楔前叶、双侧中扣带回、后扣带回、左侧角回、左侧顶下回及左侧额上回（t=5.32,P<0.001）。双侧楔前叶、双侧中后扣带回、双侧颞上回、左侧颞中回、左侧颞下回、左侧角回及左侧顶下回的CBF值与MMSE、MoCA评分呈正相关。结论 3D pcASL可发现AD患者脑区的灌注异常,并且 CBF减低区的CBF值与认知功能的减低存在相关性。     

双自粘式腹带在乳腺癌术后加压包扎中的应用

目的：探讨双自粘式腹带在乳腺癌术后加压包扎中的应用方法及效果。方法：2009年9月～2012年6月,采用乳腺癌改良根治术治疗女性乳腺癌患者60例,其中UICC分期I期10例、IIa期26例、IIb期19例、IIIa期5例。术后创面及皮瓣使用双自粘式腹带加压包扎。结果：平均每次换药时间5—10min。术后橡皮管负压引流放置时间平均为7d,术后住院日期平均12．8（12～18）d。中位随访时间10．2（6～15）个月。本组60例患者,手术均获成功。59例切口一期愈合;1例因术中植入5-Fu缓释颗粒部分移位到切口之下,导致切口愈合延迟。2例分别于术后第4、7天发生锁骨下方积液,量20～40ml,经抽吸加压包扎治愈;3例切口边缘小片缺血呈暗紫色,经酒精湿敷皮瓣完全成活。结论：自制双自粘式腹带制作和使用方便,包扎后整个创面和皮瓣受压均匀、不留死腔;有效地预防和减少创面渗出,减轻组织水肿,有利于静脉回流和皮瓣成活;且不压迫引流管,观察方便。故推荐临床使用。